• 한국진공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2011

Be을 도핑한 p형 GaSb:Be 에피층의 광여기 발광(PL) 스펙트럼(20 K)의 도핑밀도에 따른 변화를 조사하여, Be 억셉터의 근원을 분석하였다. 도핑을 증가시키면 PL 피크가 고에너지로 변위하고 반치폭은 줄어드는 경향을 보이다가, 밀도가 ${\sim}10^{17}cm^{-3}$ 이상에서 피크 에너지는 오히려 저에너지로 변위하고 반치폭이 늘어나는 현상을 관측하였다. 3개 피크로 분리한 PL 스펙트럼의 적분 PL 강도 변화를 통하여, 도핑 증가에 따라 $Be[Be_{Ga}]$ 준위(0.794 eV)는 감소하는 반면 진성결함에 기인한 $A[Ga_{Sb}]$ 피크(0.778 eV)와 함께 Be과 A 사이에 위치하는 새로운 $Be^*$ 준위(0.787 eV)가 증가하기 때문으로 분석되었다. 이것은 Be을 도핑한 p-GaSb:Be 에피층에는 Be 얕은준위(${\Delta}E=16meV$)와 Be과 A 결함준위가 결합한 $Be^*[Ga_{Sb}-Be_{Ga}]$의 복합준위(${\Delta}E=23meV$)가 공존하기 때문으로 논의하였으며, ${\sim}10^{17}cm^{-3}$ 이상 도핑할 경우에는 Be 준위가 다소 감소할 수 있음을 보였다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.421-424
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• 2016

In order to evaluate the insulation deterioration in the stator windings of air-cooled gas turbine generators(119.2 MVA, 13.8 kV) which has been operating for more than 15 years, diagnostic test and AC dielectric breakdown test were performed on phases A, B and C. Diagnostic test included measurements of AC current, dissipation factor, partial discharge (PD) magnitude and capacitance. ${\Delta}I$ and ${\Delta}tan{\delta}$ in all three phases (A, B, and C) of generator stator windings showed that they were in good condition but PD magnitude indicated marginally serviceable condition. After the diagnostic test, an AC overvoltage test was performed by gradually increasing the voltage applied to the generator stator windings until electrical insulation failure occurred, in order to determine the breakdown voltage. Although phase A of generator stator windings failed at breakdown voltage of 29.0 kV, phases B and C endured the 29.0 kV. The breakdown voltage in all three phases was higher than that expected for good-quality windings (28.6 kV) in a 13.8 kV class generator.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2019

This paper analyzes delta-Vs to maintain an extremely low altitude on the Moon and investigates the possibilities of performing a CubeSat mission. To formulate the station-keeping (SK) problem at an extremely low altitude, current work has utilized real-flight performance proven software, the Systems Tool Kit Astrogator by Analytical Graphics Inc. With a high-fidelity force model, properties of SK maneuver delta-Vs to maintain an extremely low altitude are successfully derived with respect to different sets of reference orbits; of different altitudes as well as deadband limits. The effect of the degree and order selection of lunar gravitational harmonics on the overall SK maneuver strategy is also analyzed. Based on the derived SK maneuver delta-V costs, the possibilities of performing a CubeSat mission are analyzed with the expected mission lifetime by applying the current flight-proven miniaturized propulsion system performances. Moreover, the lunar surface coverage as well as the orbital characteristics of a candidate reference orbit are discussed. As a result, it is concluded that an approximately 15-kg class CubeSat could maintain an orbit (30-50 km reference altitude having ${\pm}10km$ deadband limits) around the Moon for 1-6 months and provide almost full coverage of the lunar surface.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the preventive effect of KDD against lead toxicity. KDD of 133, 266, 532 and 1,064 mg/kg were administered twice to the rats of Sprague-Dawley strain and then 300 mg/kg lead acetate was given to times, respectively. 1. The $\delta$-ALAD concentration in the urine showed 10.6 ~16.4 mg/kg in the control group indicated statistical significance for the experimental group II, III, IV, V (p<0.05). Also, the Coproporphyrin concentration had 0.119 ~ 0.226 $\mu$g/ml in the control group indicated statiscial significance for the experimental group V of 10 weeks (p<0.05). 2. The $\delta$-ALAD concentration in the blood showed 13.28 ~ 16.08 ALAD unit in the control group indicated statistical significance for the experimental group I (Pb 300 mg/kg) of 6 and 8 weeks, for the experimental group III, IV of 8 and 10 weeks, and for the experimental group V of 4 weeks (p<0.05). The $\delta$-ALAD concentration of experimental group I (Pb 300 mg/kg) group was inclined to decrease during the experiment period. The $\delta$-ALAD concentration of experimental group I (Pb 300 mg/kg) showed statistical significance for the experimental group II, III, IV, V of 6, 8 and 10 weeks. But, there was no statistical significance in the concentration change of hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, hematocrit, Ca, protein among the experimental groups. In conclusion, this study revealed the preventive effect of KDD against lead toxicity and its mechnism inferred to facilitate lead excretion in urinary following hinderance of lead absorption in the gastric-intestine and organs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2004

고진공 및 고압에서 친핵체변화에 따른 반응을 온도변화에 따라 속도론적으로 연구하였다. 유사1차반응속도상수, 2차반응속도상수, 열역학함수 및 Hammett ${\rho}$ 값을 구하였다. ${\Delta}V^{\neq},\;{\Delta}{\beta}^{\neq}\;및\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}$는 모두 음의 값을 나타내었으며, 모든 압력 조건에서 친핵체의 치환기효과 ${\rho}$x는 음의 값을 나타내었다. 전체적인 반응은 전형적인 $S_N2$ 반응메카니즘을 따르며, 압력과 친핵체 변화에 따라 반응메카니즘에 변화가 생김을 알 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.267.1-267.1
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 nematic 액정의 종류 중 하나인 5CB (4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl) 물질을 박막 트랜지스터 (TFT)의 passivation 층으로 사용했을 때 그 전기적 특성향상을 확인하였다. RF-magnetron sputtering법으로 증착된 비정질 InGaZnO 박막을 활성층으로 사용한 TFT를 제작하여 그 활성층 위에 drop형식으로 passivation 하였다. 그 결과, drain current (I_DS)가 약 10배 정도 증가하고, linear region(V_D=0.5V)에서 mobility와 subthreshold slope(SS)이 각각 6.7에서 12.2, 0.3에서 0.2로 향상되는 것이 보였다. 이것은 gate bias가 인가되었을 때 freedericksz 전이를 통한 액정의 배향과 이때 형성된 dipole 형성에 의한 것으로 보이며, 이러한 LC의 배향은 편광현미경을 통하여 표면과 수직으로 배향한다는 사실을 확인 할 수 있었고 이 LC-passivation된 a-IGZO TFT의 전기적 특성의 향상에 대한 mechanism을 제시하였다. 그리고 배향한 LC가 가지는 dipole에 의해 bias stress 상황에서 독특한 electron trapping과 recovery의 증폭효과가 나타났다. V_G=+20V의 positive gate bias stress를 1000s동안 가했을 때, passivation되지 않은 a-IGZO TFT의 경우 +4V의 threshold voltage shift(${\Delta}V$_TH)가 발생되었고, 바로 -20V의 negative gate bias를 30s간 가해주었을 때 -2.5V의 ${\Delta}V$_TH가 발생하였다. 반면 LC-passivation된 a-IGZO TFT의 경우 각각 +5V와 -4V의 ${\Delta}V$_TH로 더 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 LC에 의한 electron trapping/recovery 증폭효과에 대한 model을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2011

To evaluate the condition of stator winding insulation in generators that have been operated for a long period of time, diagnostic tests were performed on the stator bars of a 500 MW, 22 kV generator under accelerated thermal and electrical aging procedures. The tests included measurements of AC current (${\Delta}I$), dissipation factor ($tan{\delta}$), partial discharge (PD) magnitude, and capacitance (C). In addition, the AC current test was performed on the stator winding of a 350 MW, 24 kV generator under operation to confirm insulation deterioration. The values of ${\Delta}I$, ${\Delta}tan{\delta}$, and PD magnitude in one stator bar indicated serious insulation deterioration. In another stator bar, the ${\Delta}I$ measurements showed that the insulation was in good condition, whereas the values of ${\Delta}tan{\delta}$ and PD magnitude indicated an incipient stage of insulation deterioration. Measurements of ${\Delta}I$ and PD magnitude in all three phases (A, B, C) of the remaining generator stator windings showed that they were in good condition, although the ${\Delta}tan{\delta}$ measurements suggested that the condition of the insulation should be monitored carefully. Overall analysis of the results suggested that the generator stator windings were in good condition. The patterns of PD magnitude in all three phases (A, B, C) were attributed to internal discharge.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.800-807
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• 2006

To enhance the conversion speed more fast, we separate the determination process of MSB and LSB with the two independent ADC circuits of the Incremental Sigma Delta ADC. After the 1st Incremental Sigma Delta ADC conversion finished, the 2nd Incremental Sigma Delta ADC conversion start while the 1st Incremental Sigma Delta ADC work on the next input. By determining the MSB and the LSB independently, the ADC conversion speed is improved by two times better than the conventional Extended Counting Incremental Sigma Delta ADC. In processing the 2nd Incremental Sigma Delta ADC, the inverting sample/hold circuit inverts the input the 2nd Incremental Sigma Delta ADC, which is the output of switched capacitor integrator within the 1st Incremental Sigma Delta ADC block. The increased active area is relatively small by the added analog circuit, because the digital circuit area is more large than analog. In this paper, a 14 bit Extended Counting Incremental Sigma-Delta ADC is implemented in $0.25{\mu}m$ CMOS process with a single 2.5 V supply voltage. The conversion speed is about 150 Ksamples/sec at a clock rate of 25 MHz. The 1 MSB is 0.02 V. The active area is $0.50\;x\;0.35mm^{2}$. The averaged power consumption is 1.7 mW.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.2133-2141
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• 1995

The thermo-mechanical fatigue tests were performed on the specimens extracted from 1.5Cr-0. 67Mo-0.33V alloy. The characteristics of thermo-mechanical fatigue crack propagation were examined and reviewed in view of fracture mechanics. The results obtained from the present study are summarized as follows : (1) The propagation characteristics of isothermal low-cycle fatigue crack are dominated by .DELTA.J$_{f}$ in case of PP waveform, and .DELTA.J$_{c}$ in case of CP waveform. (II)The propagation characteristics of thermo-mechanical fatigue crack are dominated by .DELTA.J$_{c}$ for in-phase case, and by .DELTA.J$_{c}$ for out-of-phase. The present results were in good agreement with the equation of propagation law for isothermal low-cycle fatigue crack in case of thermo-mechanical fatigue.tigue.e.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.381-381
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• 2010

From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c-axis of the ZnGa2Se4singlecrystalthinfilm, wehavefoundthatthevaluesofspinorbitsplitting$\Delta$soandthecrystalfieldsplitting$\Delta$crwere251. 9meVand 183.2me Vat 10K, respectively. FromthephotolwninescencemeasurementontheZnGa2Se4singlecrystalthinfilm,weobservedfreeexcition(EX)existingonlyhighqualitycrystalandneutralboundexiciton(A0,X)havingverystrongpeakintensity.Then,thefull-width-at-half-maximum(FWHM)andbindingenergyofueutralacceptorboundexcitionwerel1meVand24.4meV,respectivity.ByHaynesrule,an activation energy of impurity was 122 meV.