• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 2016

The characteristics of the rock cleavage in Jurassic granite from Geochang were analysed. The evaluation for the three directions of rock cleavages was performed using the parameters such as (1) frequency of microcrack spacing(N), (2) total spacing(${\leq}1mm$), (3) mean spacing($S_{mean}$), (4) difference value($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) between mean spacing($S_{mean}$) and median spacing($S_{median}$), (5) density of spacing(${\rho}$), (6) difference value between two exponents for the whole range of the diagrams(${\lambda}_H-{\lambda}_L$), (7) mean value of exponent(${\lambda}_M$), (8) mean value of exponential constant($a_M$), (9) difference value between two exponents for the section under the initial points of intersection(${\lambda}t_H-{\lambda}t_L$), (10) mean value of exponent(${\lambda}t_M$) and (11) mean value of exponential constant($at_M$). The results of correlation analysis between the values of parameters for three rock cleavages and those for three planes are as follows. The values of (I) parameters(1, 2, 7 and 8) and (II) parameters(3, 4 and 5) are in orders of (I) H(hardway, (H1 + H2)/2) < G(grain, (G1 + G2)/2) < R(rift, (R1 + R2)/2) and (II) R < G < H. On the contrary, the values of the above two groups(I~II) of parameters for three planes show reverse orders. Besides, the values of parameter $6({\lambda}_H-{\lambda}_L)$, parameter $9({\lambda}t_H-{\lambda}t_L)$, parameter $10({\lambda}t_M)$ and parameter $11(at_M)$ for three planes are in orders of R(rift plane, (G1 + H2)/2) < H(hardway plane, (R2 + G2)/2) < G(grain plane, (R1 + H2)/2), H < G < R, H < R < G and R < H < G, respectively. The values of the above four parameters for three rock cleavages show the various orders of R < H < G, R < H < G, H < G < R and H < G < R, respectively. Meanwhile, the spacing values equivalent to the initial points of contact and intersection between the two directions of diagrams were derived. The above spacing values for three rock cleavages are in order of rift(R1 and R2) < grain(G1 and G2) < hardway(H1 and H2). The spacing values for three planes are in order of rift plane(G1 and H1) < hardway plane(R2 and G2) < grain plane(R1 and H2). In particular, the intersection angles for three rock cleavages and three planes are in order of rift and rift plane < hardway and hardway plane < grain and grain plane. Consequently, the two diagrams of rift(R1 and R2) and rift plane(G1 and H1) show higher frequency of the point of contact and intersection. These characteristics of change were derived through the general chart for three planes and three rock cleavages. Lastly, the correlation analysis through the values of parameters along with the distribution pattern is useful for discriminating three quarrying planes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.454-458
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• 2002

Furo[3,2-h]quinoline derivatives were synthesized as a gastric $H^+$/$K^+$-ATPase inhibitors. The oxycyclization of 7 and 8-positions in quinoline potentiated the inhibitory activity, while no significant changes in biological activity were observed by the variation of substituents in furan ring. The several furo[3,2-h]quinoline derivatives were worthy of in vivo investigation for their anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.571-576
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• 1994

The photoreactions of $ReH_5(Cyttp)\;(1)\;(Cyttp=PhP(CH_2CH_2CH_2PCy_2)_2)\;with\;CO,\;CO_2\;and\;PMe_3 has been investigated to find the differences in reactivities from those of trismonophosphine analog. Irradiation of 1 under CO, $CO_2$ and excess $PMe_3$ in benzene results in the formation of the complexes, $ReH(CO)_2(Cyttp)\;(2),\;ReH_2({\eta}^2-HCO_2)(Cyttp)\;(3)\;and\;$ReH_3(PMe_3)(Cyttp)$ (4), respectively. The resulting products suggest that photoreactions of $ReH_5(Cyttp)$ proceed by photoextrusion of $H_2$ giving a phototransient species "$ReH_3$(Cyttp)" which can be trapped by CO, $CO_2\;and\;PMe_3$. The structures of 2, 3 and 4 are inferred based on $^1H,\;^{31}P$ NMR and I. R spectroscopy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2011

Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease prevalent in pig-growing areas all around the world and plays the roles of an intermediate host to be transmitted to mammals including human beings through a genetic recombination with the avian influenza virus. Recognizing that people could be contracted with swine influenza, this study set out to investigate the seroprevalence of individual and multiple infections with two subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) of the swine influenza virus in pig farms in the Gyeongnam region according to age, area, and season, as well as to provide basic data for the prevention and control of swine influenza. Used in the study were total 904 swine sera that were not vaccinated against the influenza gathered from the pig farms in the Gyeongnam region from November, 2009 to October, 2010. HerdChek SIV (H1N1, H3N2) ELISA kit (IDEXX Laboratories, USA) was used for antibody testing against swine influenza. The test results show that 370 sera (40.9%) were infected with either H1N1 or H3N2 with 37.3% (337 sera) being contracted with H1N1, 13.1% (118 sera) with H3N2, and 9.4% (85) with both H1N1 and H3N2.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 1995

The effects of substrate temperature, RF power, and $NH_{3}/SiH_{4}$ gas flow ratio on the dielectric constant and optical bandgap of amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) thin films prepared by PECVD method using RF glow discharge decomposition of $SiH_{4}$ and $NH_{3}$ gas mixtures have been studied. The dielectric constant and optical bandgap of a-SiNx:H thin films were greatly exchanged as by increasing substrate temperature, RF power, and $NH_{3}/SiH_{4}$ gas flow ratio. The dielectric constant of a-SiNx:H films was increased and optical bandgap of a-SiNx:H films was decreased as the substrate temperature was increased. When the substrate temperature, RF power, gas pressure, $NH_{3}/SiH_{4}$ gas flow ratio, and thickness were $250^{\circ}C$, 20 W, 500 mTorr, 10 and $1500\;{\AA}$, respectively, the dielectric constant, breakdown field and optical bandgap of a-SiNx:H film were 4.3, 1 MV/cm, and 2.9 eV, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1998

Various effects of simulated acid rain by $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ with pH 3.2, 4.2 and 5.6 were investigated in Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb, a biennial legume dominating the disturbed and poor soil vegetations. The nitric acid treatment of pH 3.2 resulted in 121% increase of the plant height compared to that of pH 5.6 during early growth, although 17% decrease was detected with the sulfuric acids. During 14 days of treatment, leaf biomass and chlorophyll content increased 168% and 133% with pH 3.2 nitric acid rain but decreased 20% and 38%, respectively, with sulfuric acid rain. Nitrogen content in various organs was also determined after 42 days of nitric acid treatment. It increased 480% and 387% by pH 3.2 and 4.2 in leaves, 212% and 214% in stems and 247% and 249% in roots. However, the same treatment with the sulfuric acid showed a considerable reduction in this content, indicating that the nitric acid was a nitrogen source. Nodule formation assayed revealed 15% decrease with pH 3.2 in contrast to 157% increase in pH 4.2, further suggesting an enhancement effect by the additional nitrogen source. Contrary to this, the nodule formation was reduced up to 43-71% by sulfuric acid rains. Specific nitrogen fixation activities of nodules estimated at pH 3.2, 4.2 and 5.6 nitric acid rain were 36.7, 42.8 and 47.3 ${\mu}mol\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g^{-1}\;fw\;nodule{\cdot}h^{-1}$, while those of sulfuric acid rain exhibited 1 nmol $C_2H_4{\cdot}plant^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ with pH 3.2, 177 with pH 4.2 and 179 with pH 5.6, yet it increased 2, 115 and 286 respectively corresponding to the three sulfuric acid concentrations. Further implications of the simulated acied rain were also discussed in the study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2003

In order to find a chemical agent which is able to modulate the activity of $H^+-ATPase$, microsomal preparation was obtained from the root tissue of tomato plant and the effect of $La^{3+}$ was measured. The activities of plasma and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPase$ were analyzed by the inhibited activities using their specific inhibitors, vanadate and $NO_3-$, respectively. $La^{3+}$ inhibited microsomal ATPases in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory effect of $La^{3+}$ was suppressed by both vanadate and $NO_3-$, implying that $La^{3+}$ inhibits both plasma and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPase$. The Ki. values of $La^{3+}$which inhibit 50% of the activities of plasma and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPase$ were 57 and $78\;{\mu}M$, respectively. The $H^+-ATPase$ of the leaky microsomes made by the treatment of Triton X-100 were also inhibited by $La^{3+}$, suggesting that $La^{3+}$ directly inhibits both enzymes. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of $La^{3+}$ was decreased by increasing the concentration of ATP, The effect of ATP was also concentration-dependent and 7 mM ATP completely removed the inhibitory effect of $La^{3+}$. These results imply that $La^{3+}$ inhibits both plasma and vacuolar membrane $H^+-ATPases$ by decreasing the binding affinity of ATP and $La^{3+}$ can be used to control the activity or root $H^+-ATPases$.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.707-716
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• 2020

Objective : The function of B7H3, a member of the B7 family of proteins, in neuroblastoma (NB) remains poorly characterized. Here we examine the expression pattern of B7H3 in clinical NB specimens and characterize the phenotype of B7H3 knock-down in NB cell line. Methods : Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was carried out to assess the expression of B7H3 in clinical NB specimens. Survival association was analyzed using five Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE85047, GSE45480, GSE62564, GSE16476, GSE49710). Clonogenic survival and flow cytometry were performed after B7H3 knockdown to assess the cellular proliferation and cell survival in vitro. Impact of B7H3 silencing on NB growth was examined in vivo using the SH-SY5Y xenograft model. Results : On IHC staining, B7H3 was widely expressed in clinical NB specimens. Analysis of the transcriptional profiles of five GEO datasets clinically annotated NB specimens revealed that decreased B7H3 expression was associated with improved overall survival. B7H3 knockdown suppressed the proliferation of the SH-SY5Y NB model in vitro and in vivo. Cell cycle analysis revealed that B7H3 silencing induced G1/S arrest. This arrest was associated with the suppression of E2F1 expression and induction of Rb expression. Conclusion : Our results demonstrate that B7H3 expression correlate with clinical survival in NB patients. Preliminary studies suggest that B7H3 may mediate the G1/S transition.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2003

The intensity is measured as functions of both distance from filament to substrate and $CH_3$OH/($CH_3$OH＋$H_2$O) ratio by OES(Optical Emission Spectroscopy) to investigate the effects of activation species such as $H_{\alpha}$, $H_{\beta}$, H$\Upsilon\;C_3$, CH on diamond film growth.$ H_{\alpha}$ increases as $CH_3$OH composition decreases, while CH increases as $CH_3$OH composition increases. The intensity of $H_{\alpha}$ decreases as the distance increases and that of CH increases as the distance increases. The intensities of other activation species of $H_{\beta}$, H$\Upsilon\;C_3$, do not vary as a function of measured position distance. It varies randomly. It means that various parameters for depositing diamond thin film can be explained by the intensity(density) change of activation species, as a function of the distance of the filament.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2007

When ammonia ($NH_3$) gas was supplied to a biofilter packed with bio-carrier made of waste polyurthane and worm cast. No odor gases were detected at the outlet of the biofilter when $NH_3$ gas was supplied to the biofilter at the space velocity(SV) of $50\;h^{-1}$ until the inlet $NH_3$ concentration increased to $4\;{\sim}\;454\;ppmv$. The gradual inlet $NH_3$ concentration was set and the removal efficiency of $NH_3$ gas was measured at each condition, while the SV of $NH_3$ increased step by step from 100 to $400\;h^{-1}$. The maximum possible inlet $NH_3$ loading was $11.38\;g-NH_3{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and $34.42\;g-NH_3{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ while maintaining the removal efficiency of 100% when the SV was $50\;h^{-1}$ and $100 \;h^{-1}$, respectively. The maximum $NH_3$ loading was $71.28 \;g-NH_3{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ with the $NH_3$ removal efficiency of 99.85% at SV $300\;h^{-1}$.