• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to establish an optimized 1D $^1H$ quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) analytical method for analyzing polar metabolites in meat. Three extraction solutions [0.6 M perchloric acid, 10 mM phosphate buffer, water/methanol (1:1)], three reconstitution buffers [20 mM 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid, phosphate buffer], and two pulse programs (zg30, noesypr1d) were evaluated. Extraction with 0.6 M perchloric acid and 20 mM phosphate resulted in a stable baseline and no additional overlap for quantifying polar metabolites in chicken breast. In qNMR analysis, zg30 pulse program (without water-suppression) showed smaller relative standard deviation (RSD) and faster running time than noesypr1d (water-suppression). High-performance liquid chromatography was compared with qNMR analyses to validate accuracy. The zg30 pulse program showed good accuracy and lower RSD. The optimized qNMR method was able to apply for beef and pork samples. Thus, an optimized 1D $^1H$ qNMR method for meat metabolomics was established.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.867-873
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• 1993

Influences of crystallization time and $H_2O/Al_2O_3$ ratio of the reaction mixtures on the synthesis of AlPO$_4$-5 molecular sieve have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and solid state $^{27}$Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) techniques. The degree of crystallinity of AlPO$_4$-5 follows a sigmoid pattem as crystallization time increases. The induction period is shorter than 1 h when the crystallization process is carried out at 150$^{\circ}$C. The conversion of reactants to product, AlPO$_4$-5, can be clearly observed, and all of the determined physical properties change abruptly after about 2 h. It is found that increase in $H_2O/Al_2O_3$ ratio of the reaction mixtures not only changes the crystal morphology from aggregates to hexagonal single crystals, but also results in the formation of longer AlPO$_4$-5 crystals.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.20-23
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• 2013

For sensitive measurements of micro-Tesla nuclear magnetic resonance (${\mu}T$-NMR) signal, a low-noise superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) system is needed. We have fabricated a liquid He dewar for an SQUID having a large diameter for the pickup coil. The initial test of the SQUID system showed much higher low-frequency magnetic noise caused by the thermal magnetic noise of the aluminum plates used for the vapor-cooled thermal shield material. The frequency dependence of the noise spectrum showed that the noise increases with the decrease of frequency. This behavior could be explained from a two-layer model; one generating the thermal noise and the other one shielding the thermal noise by eddy-current shielding. And the eddy-current shielding effect is strongly dependent on the frequency through the skin-depth. To minimize the loop size for the fluctuating thermal noise current, we changed the thermal shield material into insulated thin Cu mesh. The magnetic noise of the SQUID system became flat down to 0.1 Hz with a white noise of 0.3 $fT/{\surd}Hz$, including the other noise contributions such as SQUID electronics and magnetically shielded room, etc, which is acceptable for low-noise ${\mu}T$-NMR experiments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2413-2418
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• 2013

Forensic and legal medicine require reliable data to indicate excessive alcohol consumption. Ethanol is oxidatively metabolized to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase and non-oxidatively metabolized to ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), phosphatidylethanol, or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). Oxidative metabolism is too rapid to provide biomarkers for the detection of ethanol ingestion. However, the non-oxidative metabolite EtG is a useful biomarker because it is stable, non-volatile, water soluble, highly sensitive, and is detected in body fluid, hair, and tissues. EtG analysis methods such as mass spectroscopy, chromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques are currently in use. We suggest that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy could be used to monitor ethanol intake. As with current conventional methods, NMR spectroscopy doesn't require complicated pretreatments or sample separation. This method has the advantages of short acquisition time, simple sample preparation, reproducibility, and accuracy. In addition, all proton-containing compounds can be detected. In this study, we performed $^1H$ NMR analyses of urine to monitor the ethanol and EtG. Urinary samples were collected over time from 5 male volunteers. We confirmed that ethanol and EtG signals could be detected with NMR spectroscopy. Ethanol signals increased immediately upon alcohol intake, but decreased sharply over time. In contrast, EtG signal increased and reached a maximum about 9 h later, after which the EtG signal decreased gradually and remained detectable after 20-25 h. Based on these results, we suggest that $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy may be used to identify ethanol non-oxidative metabolites without the need for sample pretreatment.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.409.1-409.1
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• 2002

For the development of a biocompatible nano-scale drug carrier. hydrophilic polysaccharide pullulan was hydrophobized by the conjugation with fatty acid. The synthesized polymers were characterized by the measurements of fourier transform infrared (FT -IR) spectroscopy and 1H -nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In aqueous solution. hydrophobically modified puliulan was self-assembled and structured into the core-shell type nanoparticles. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

The fresh ginseng roots were extracted with aqueous methanol, and the obtained extracts were partitioned using ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, successively. The repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatogaraphy for n-butanol fraction afforded four diol ginseng saponins, ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $R_c$, and Rd. The physicochemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic characteristics of these ginsenosides were measured and compared with those reported in the literature. Some of the peak assignments in previously published $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were inaccurate. This study employed two-dimensional NMR experiments, including $^1H-^1H$ correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity, to determine exact peak assignments.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.562-570
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• 2016

At the carbon dioxide capture process using the aqueous amine solution, degradation of absorbents is main factor to reducing the process performance. Also, degradation mechanism of absorbent is important for understanding the environmental risk, route of degradation products, health risk etc. In this study, the degradation products of MEA were studied to clarify mechanism in thermal degradation process. The degradation products were analyzed using a $^1H$ NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and $^{13}C$ NMR. The analysis methods used in this study provide guidelines that could be used to develop a degradation inhibitor of absorbent and a corrosion inhibitor.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2003

Purpose: In this study, we attempted to ascertain the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (${1}^H$ MRS) peak characteristics of human gastric tissue layers and finally to use the metabolic peaks of MRS to distinguish between normal and abnormal gastric specimens. Materials and Methods: Ex-vivo ${1}^H$ MRS examinations of thirty-five gastric specimens were performed to distinguish abnormal gastric tissues invaded by carcinoma cells from normal stomach-wall tissues. High-resolution 400-MHz (9.4-T) ${1}^H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two gastric layers, a proper muscle layer, and a composite mucosasubmucosa layer were compared with those of clinical 64- MHz (1.5-T) MR spectra. Three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR) images were used to determine the size and the position of a voxel for MRS data collection. Results: For normal gastric tissue layers, the metabolite peaks of 400-MHz ${1}^H$ MRS were primarily found to be as follows: lipids at 0.9 ppm and 1.3 ppm; alanine at 1.58 ppm; N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid) at 2.03 ppm; and glutathione at 2.25 ppm in common. The broad and featureless featureless spectral peaks of the 64-MHz MRS were bunched near 0.9, 1.3, and 2.0, and 2.2 ppm in human specimens without respect to layers. In a specimen (Borrmmann type III) with a tubular adenocarcinoma, the resonance peaks were measured at 1.26, 1.36 and 3.22 ppm. All the peak intensities of the spectrum of the normal gastric tissue were reduced, but for gastric tumor tissue layers, the lactate peak split into 1.26 and 1.39 ppm, and the peak intensity of choline at 3.21 ppm was increased. Conclusion: We found that decreasing lipids, an increasing lactate peak that split into two peaks, 1.26 ppm and 1.36 ppm, and an increasing choline peak at 3.22 ppm were markers of tumor invasion into the gastric tissue layers. This study implies that MR spectroscopy can be a useful diagnostic tool for gastric cancer.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1930-1939
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine. Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples. Conclusion: The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2021

Objective: The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk. Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study. Rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube, and milk was collected using a pipeline milking system. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The total numbers of metabolites in rumen fluid and milk were measured to be 186 and 184, and quantified as 72 and 109, respectively. Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolites exhibited the highest concentrations in rumen fluid and milk, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with metabolic diseases (acidosis and ketosis) in cows were identified in rumen fluid, and metabolites associated with ketosis, somatic cell production, and coagulation properties were identified in milk. Conclusion: The metabolites measured in rumen fluid and milk could potentially be used to detect metabolic diseases and evaluate milk quality. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the biofluids of ruminants in Korea, while facilitating their metabolic research.