• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1989

The $^{99m}Tc-phosphate$ compounds, of which methylene diphosphonate is most widely used, were originally introduced as bone scanning agents intended primarily to detect metastatic bone deposit. They may also accumulate in extraskeletal sites including breast. Recently we had the opportunity to observe one case of cystosarcoma phyllodes that was confirmed by tissue biopsy and demonstrated diffuse extraskeletal uptake of $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ in the breast on $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scan in the breast on $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scan. So we present this case with the brief review of literatures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.4084-4092
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• 2012

Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to study the substituent effect on the geometric and electronic structures as well as the biological behavior of technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonate complexes. Optimized structures of these complexes are surrounded by six ligands in an octahedral environment with three unpaired 4d electrons ($d^3$ state) and the optimized geometry of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP agrees with experimental data. With the increase of electron-donating substituent or tether between phosphate groups, the energy gap between frontier orbitals increases and the probability of non-radiative deactivation via d-d electron transfer decreases. The charge distribution reflects a significant ligand-to-metal electron donation. Based on the calculated geometric and electronic structures and biologic properties of $^{99m}Tc$-diphosphonate complexes, several structure-activity relationships (SARs) were established. These results may be instructive for the design and synthesis of novel $^{99m}Tc$-diphosphonate bone imaging agent and other $^{99m}Tc$-based radiopharmaceuticals.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

본 연구는 랫드에서 Freund's complete adjuvant를 랫드의 후지에 투여하여 인의적으로 유발된 관절염을 진단하기 위한 방법으로 $^{99m}Technetium-MDP (^{99m}Tc_MDP$)을 이용한 골 스캔의 임상적 의의를 찾고자 하였다. 성숙 Sprague-Dawley 암컷 랫드를 대조군과 실험군으로 분리하고, 골의 스캔은 0.05mCi의 $^{99m}Tc_MDP$를 정맥 주사하여 3시간 후에 전신 영상을 얻었다. 골의 스캔과 방사선학적 평가를 비교한 겨과 관절염 유발 7일 후부터 관절염의 병변이 관찰되었지만, 방사선학적 소견에서는 14일 후부터 병변이 관찰되었다. 골의 스캔에서 관절염 유발 7일 후에 유의적으로 골의 이상적 섭취 증각가 관찰되었고(p<0.05), 21일 후에는 전지와 후지의 모든 부위에서 골의 이상적 섭취 증가가 관찰되었지만, 방사선학적 소견에서는 후지에서만 병변 부위가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 $^{99m}Tc_MDP$을 이용한 골의 스캔은 류마티스 관절염을 임상적으로 진단하는데 방사선학적 진단보다 효과적인 방법임을 알 수가 있었고, 골의 스캔은 류마티스 관절염을 초기에 진단하는데 유효한 진단방법임을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 1999

Bone scintigraphy with $^{99m}Tc-methylene$ diphosphonate(MDP) performed for 20 weeks per two weeks interval respectively after fracture in seven(male 3 heads, female 4 heads) canine radius were analysed. All of bone scans performed 2 weeks to 20 weeks after fracture showed increase in generalized tracer uptake and showed localized increase in tracer uptake at the fracture site. Bone scans and ratio performed 6 weeks after fracture showed the most outstanding increase in generalized and localized tracer uptake. New bone formation had been observed from 2 weeks and they were incorporated completely on 18 weeks, they showed most activity during 6-10 weeks after fracture. It was recognized that the bone scan with $^{99m}Tc-methylene$ was quite sensitivity but low specificity on the fracture healing in canine radius.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1987

Although the exact mechanism is not clearly understood yet, there were examples of the uptake of radiopharmaceuticals to the soft tissue lesions with $^{99m}Technetium$ methylene diphosphonate bone scan. Recently, we experienced two cases of neuroblastoma of which primary sites were imaged with $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scan preoperatively and could make the diagnosis. So, we report here that $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scan is the reasonable method not only to find out the bone metastasis, but also to diagnose the neuroblastoma preoperatively.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.260-263
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• 2000

A uremic patient on hemodialysis, who had concurrent cardiomyopathy showed intense myocardial uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-methylene diphosphonate (MDP). The presumed cause of uptake in the myocardium is metastatic calcification due to hypercalcemia secondary to the renal failure. However, supplementary mechanism caused by cardiomyopathy should be considered. We describe a case with bone tracer uptake in the myocardium in the absence of infarction in a patient with chronic renal failure.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.4-6
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• 2023

Technetium-labeled phosphate bone scan was shown to detect bone fractures and bone metastasis in early stage than general radiographs. Therefore, bone scan has become one of the most frequently performed nuclear medicine imaging examination. However, non-osseous radiopharmaceutical uptake on the bone scan are unusual findings. We report a case of diffuse splenic absorption of Tc-99m dicarboxypropane diphosphonate in patients who undergo liver transplantation.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 1999

목적: 핵의학과에서 가장 흔하게 이용되는 골 신티그라피가 인체에 방사선 장해를 일으키는지 아니면 오히려 적응반응을 통하여 유리한 작용을 하는지 여부를 알기 위하여 이 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 골 신티그라피를 시행한 22명의 환자(남자 6명, 여자 16명, 평균 연령 $50{\pm}14$세)를 대상으로 Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m-MDP) 주사 전과 주사 후 4시간에 각각 5 ml씩 채혈하여 배양하고 배양 46시간 후에 Cs-137조사기(central dose rate=654 Gy/h, Gammacell 3000 Elan, Nordion, Canada)를 이용하여 2 Gy의 감마 방사선을 조사하였다. 대조군 10명의 혈액을 채혈하여 Tc-99m-MDP 주사전에 채혈한 군과 같은 방법으로 조사하고 배양하였다. Colcemid 처리 2시간 후에 수확하여 세포 600개당 불안정 염색체인 반지형과 이 중 중심체형 염색체의 숫자를 계수하여 각 군 간의 불안정염색체계수를 분산 분석으로 비교하였다. 결과: Tc-99m-MDP를 주사하기 전에 채혈하고 2 Gy를 조사한 군과 대조군에서 2 Gy를 조사한 군의 불안정염색체의 수는 유의한 차이가 없었다(각각 $385.1{\pm}30.5$, $367.8{\pm}36.6$, p>0.05). 하지만 Tc-99m-MDP를 주사한 후에 채혈하고 2 Gy를 조사한 군에서 불안정 염색체의 수가 유의하게 감소하였다($192.6{\pm}22.1$, p=0.0001). 결론: 골 신티그라피에 의한 저선량의 방사선 조사에 의해서 말초혈액 림프구가 적응반응을 나타내어 다음에 이어지는 방사선 장해에 대해 저항성을 갖는 다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1986

Authors enumerate various malignant and benign cases which showed soft tissue uptake of $^{99m}Tc-MDP$. We hope it might be a help in understanding and interpreting bone scans. Among 10,361 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scans underwent from April, 1981 to March, 1986, 344 (3.3%) showed abnormal soft tissue uptake, which included 126 malignancies, 5 benign tumors, and 153 nontumorous diseases. Neuroblastoma(23.3%) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma(22.2%) showed highest positive uptake rate among various malignancies. We also illustrated typical cases according to possible mechanisms.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2358-2368
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• 2011

Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, employing the B3LYP method and the LANL2DZ, 6-31G$^*$(LANL2DZ for Tc), 6-31G$^*$(cc-pVDZ-pp for Tc) and DGDZVP basis sets, have been performed to investigate the electronic structures and absorption spectra of the technetium-99m-labeled methylenediphosphonate ($^{99m}Tc$-MDP) complex of the simplest diphosphonate ligand. The bonding situations and natural bond orbital compositions were studied by the Mulliken population analysis (MPA) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results indicate that the ${\sigma}$ and ${\pi}$ contributions to the Tc-O bonds are strongly polarized towards the oxygen atoms and the ionic contribution to the Tc-O bonding is larger than the covalent contribution. The electronic transitions investigated by TDDFT calculations and molecular orbital analyses show that the origin of all absorption bands is ascribed to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) character. The solvent effect on the electronic structures and absorption spectra has also been studied by performing DFT and TDDFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G$^*$(cc-pVDZ-pp for Tc) level with the integral equation formalism polarized continuum model (IEFPCM) in different media. It is found that the absorption spectra display blue shift in different extents with the increase of solvent polarity.