• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2021

Purpose: Meconium obstruction of prematurity (MOP) predisposes premature infants to intestinal perforation and prolonged hospitalization if not diagnosed and treated promptly. A standard contrast enema is less effective to treat infants with distal ileal obstructions because the contrast may not reach the obstructed areas. In an effort to avoid risky surgery, we administered oral contrast media to seven clinically diagnosed patients with MOP whose obstructions were not relieved via conventional sonography-guided contrast enema. We retrospectively evaluated whether oral nonionic water-soluble contrast media relieves MOP. Methods: Seven of 67 premature infants with MOP were administered oral contrast media from June 2015 to January 2019. Patients were followed-up radiographically for bowel distention and evacuation of contrast media after oral administration. We recorded radiographic improvements, meconium evacuation, time to first feeding after oral contrast media administration, maternal history, and neonatal clinical factors. Results: We evaluated five male and two female infants. The median gestational ages and body weights at birth were 27⁺⁵ weeks and 890 g, respectively. Radiography in five infants revealed multiple distended intestinal loops without air-fluid interfaces. Two infants had gasless abdomens, in which only stomach gas was visible. Oral contrast media (median, 2.5 mL) were administered at a median age of 7 days; five infants (5/7, 71.4%) responded to this treatment. The remaining two infants, who had ileal stenosis and hypoganglionosis, were surgically managed. Five infants (5/7, 71.4%) had maternal risk factors, and two (28.6%) were small for gestational age. Conclusion: Nonionic oral water-soluble contrast medium can serve as a valuable adjunct treatment in premature infants with meconium obstruction.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2018

Patients administered radioisotope for medical purposes are regulated by each country to quarantine them until their body's radioactivity contents decrease below release criteria. To predict the quarantine period and provide it to medical staffs and patients, it is necessary to approach the assessment of the exposure dose of persons due to patients in a realistic manner. For this purpose, a whole-body effective half-life should be applied to the dose assessment equation instead of the physical half-life. In this study, we constructed a bio-kinetic model for each nuclear species based on the ICRP publication to obtain a whole-body effective half-life of 10 unsealed gamma-ray emitting nuclei from the notification of Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, and calculated the effective half-life mathematically by simulating the distribution of the radioisotope administered in the whole body as well as each organ scale. The whole-body effective half-life of $^{198}Au$, $^{67}Ga$, $^{123}I$, $^{111}In$, $^{186}Re$, $^{99m}Tc$, and $^{201}TI$ were 1,93, 2.57, 0.295, 2.805, 1.561, 0.245, and 2.397 days respectively. However, it was found to be undesirable to offer a single value of the effective half-life of $^{125}I$, $^{131}I$, and $^{169}Yb$ because the changes in the effective half-life show no linearity. A bio-kinetic model created for the internal exposure assessment has been shown to be possible to calculate the effective half-life of radioisotopes administered in the patient's body, but subsequent studies of radiolabeled compounds are required as well.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.458-466
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• 2019

Objective : We retrospectively assessed the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus and analyzed the angiographic and clinical results with our 8-year experience. Methods : Nine patients with intracranial DAVFs involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus underwent SRS using a Gamma $Knife^{(R)}$ (Elekta Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) between 2009 and 2016. Five patients underwent SRS for residual DAVFs after embolization and four patients were treated with SRS alone. The median target volume was $1.9cm^3$ (range, 0.8-14.2) and the median radiation dose of the target was 17 Gy (range, 16-20). The median follow-up period was 37 months (range, 7-81). Results : Pulsating tinnitus (33%) was the most common symptom. DAVFs were completely obliterated in four patients (44%) and subtotally obliterated in five (56%). Six patients (67%) showed complete recovery of symptoms or signs, and three (33%) showed incomplete recovery. One patient experienced a recurrent seizure. Adverse radiation effects after SRS occurred in one patient (11%). The total obliteration rates after SRS were 16.7%, 37.5%, and 68.7% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The median interval from SRS to total obliteration of the fistula was 31 months (range, 12-38). The rates at which the symptoms started to improve were 40% at 1 month and 80% at 2 months after SRS. Symptoms started to improve at a median of 5 weeks after SRS (range, 3-21). Conclusion : SRS with or without embolization is a safe and effective treatment to relieve symptoms and obliterate DAVFs on the transverse-sigmoid sinus.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2022

With the development of monoclonal antibodies, therapeutic or diagnostic radioisotope has been successfully delivered at tumor sites with high selectivity for antigens. Different approaches have been applied to improve the tumor-to-normal ratio by considering the in vivo stability of radioimmunoconjugates as a prerequisite. Various stable and inert antibody radiolabeling techniques for radioimmunoconjugate preparation have been extensively evaluated to enhance in vivo stability. Antibody radiolabeling techniques should be rapid and easy; they should not disrupt the immunoreactivity and in vivo behavior of antibodies, which are coupled with a bifunctional chelator (BFC) to stably coordinate with a radiometal. For the design of BFCs, radiometal coordination properties must be considered. However, various diagnostic radionuclides, such as ⁸⁹Zr, ⁶⁴Cu, ⁶⁸Ga, ¹¹¹ln, and ^99mTc, or therapeutic radionuclides, such as ¹⁷⁷Lu, ⁶⁷Cu, ⁹⁰Y, and ²²⁵Ac, have been increasingly used for antibody radiolabeling. In addition to useful radionuclides, ⁶⁴Cu and ¹⁷⁷Lu with the most accessible or the highest production rates in many countries should be considered. In this review, we mainly discussed antibody radiolabeling techniques and conditions that involve ⁶⁴Cu and ¹⁷⁷Lu radiometals.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2024

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant physical and psychological impacts on registered nurses (RNs). This study aimed to identify long COVID symptoms and their associated factors specifically among RNs. Methods: This descriptive correlational study's sample comprised 189 nurses (31.57±5.98 years, 93.7% female) in Korea. Self-reported long COVID symptoms were assessed using the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale. Data were collected from December 31, 2022, to January 13, 2023, using the online survey method and were analyzed using independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and a multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 program. Results: A total of 179 participants (94.7%) experienced one or more long COVID symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms were weakness (77.8%), fatigue (68.3%), breathlessness (67.7%), cough/throat sensitivity/voice change (50.3%), and sleep problems (50.3%). The factors related to long COVID symptoms were marital status, type of institution, working time, acute COVID-19 symptoms, and vaccination status. The quarantine period (β=.26, p<.001) and the nursing workforce after COVID-19 (β=-.17, p=.018) were significantly associated with long COVID symptoms (Adjusted R² =.33). Conclusion: Providing comprehensive recognition is necessary for the understanding of long COVID symptoms and their associated factors among nurses and could promote a long COVID symptom management education program targeted at nurses. Moreover, it could facilitate effective nursing care and education plans for long COVID patients.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2024

This study has investigated ten different organic acids in 67 types of seasoning Jeotgal (seasoning salted fermented product, SSFP) and Sikhae (seasoning salted fermented product with rice, SSFPR) collected from the market. The levels of organic acids varied significantly depending on the raw materials used for the SSFP and SSFPR. The acetic acid and lactic acid content ranged from being not detected (ND) to 5,667.15 mg/kg for acetic acid in the SSFP, ND to 34,837.89 mg/kg for lactic acid in the SSFP, and 53.47 to 2,089.55 mg/kg for acetic acid in the SSFPR, and 10.69 to 1,733.27 mg/kg for lactic acid in the SSFPR. The range for succinic acid was 57.92 to 2,793.09 mg/kg in the SSFP and 21.21 to 453.32 mg/kg in the SSFPR. Propionic acid content ranged from 8.42 to 277.83 mg/kg in the SSFP and 13.21 to 133.07 mg/kg in SSFPR.The most abundant organic acids were succinic and lactic acid, comprising 48% of the seasoning Jeotgal (succinic acid) and more than 72% in Sikhae (lactic acid). Furthermore, this study suggests that the differences in the organic acid content of samples, based on their raw materials can be discriminated by principal component analysis (PCA).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.4423-4436
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• 2024

The development and assessment of pharmaceutical dosage forms make considerable use of gamma-scintigraphy. Gamma scintigraphy is an imaging technique that is integrated with CT to assess and evaluate the targeting of drugs to various delivery sites, the impact of treatment, and the severity of the disease. A small number of radioisotopes were tagged with the delivery system and emitted radiation can be visualized by the gamma camera which forms a 2-D image displaying the tissue-specific distribution of radioactivity. The isotopes that are used widely include Technetium-99 m (99Tc), Iodine (131I), Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and Gallium (Ga67), Indium (111In). This review mainly covers different applications of gamma scintigraphy for the assessment of drug targeting via different routes to different organs and their visualization by gamma scintigraphy. The review mainly focuses assessment of drug targeting in the tumor tissue, thyroid gland, brain, pulmonary pathway, skin deposition, detection of renal impairment as well as cardiac diseases, drug release from formulations, drug deposition in arthritis, drug retention in the scalp, and behavior of formulation when administered via intra-vaginal route. Various pre-clinical and clinical studies were included in the review that demonstrates the importance and future of gamma scintigraphy in sensing drug delivery.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

2004년 9월, 한 달 동안 울산광역시에 거주하는 생산직 근로자 165명을 대상으로 구강보건에 관한 설문지를 배포하고 여기서 수거된 102부의 설문지와 동구 소재 한 치과의원의 내원환자를 대상으로 작성된 23부의 설문지 등 총 125부의 설문 응답지를 대상으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 울산지역 일부 생산직 근로자의 구강건강에 대한 인식은 스스로 건강하다고 생각하는 사람이 전체의 44.1%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 보통이라고 생각하는 경우와 건강하지 않다고 생각하는 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 전체 근로자의 89.0%가 치과치료를 받은 경험이 있었다. 2. 치과치료를 받은 장소로는 치과 병, 의원이 전체의 85.0%로 가장 높았으나 무면허자라는 응답도 3.9%로 나타났다. 연령별로 40대 이상의 근로자 8.3%가 무면허자에게 치료를 받은 경험이 있고, 본인의 구강이 건강하지 않다고 생각하는 근로자일수록 무면허자라는 응답이 높았다. 3. 치과치료를 미루게 되는 이유는 시간이 부족해서인 경우가 전체의 59.1%로 가장 높게 나타났고 다음으로 경제적 부담으로 치료를 미루거나 믿을 수 가 없어서 치료를 미루는 순으로 나타났다. 이나 잇몸이 아플 때도 전체의 60%가 그대로 참거나 진통제를 먼저 복용하는 것으로 보아 조기치료에 대한 인식이 상당히 열악한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 치과를 이용할 때 느끼는 가장 큰 불편감으로는 통증에 대한 두려움이 전체의 50.4%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 시간 맞추기가 어려움, 불친절해서 순으로 나타났다. 5. 하루 잇솔질 횟수는 1일 3회인 경우가 전체의 47.2%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 1일 2회, 1일 1회 순으로 나타났다. 잇솔질 방법은 위, 아래 옆으로 혼합해서 닦는 사람이 전체의 61.4%로 가장 높았고 연령이 낮을수록 스스로의 구강이 건강하다고 생각할수록 위, 아래 혼합해서 닦는 경우가 많았다. 6. 잇몸병의 원인은 구강위생불량으로 생각하는 경우가 전체의 67.7%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 나이가 들면 자연히 생기는 질환, 유전이나 체질이라고 생각하는 순으로 나타났다. 7. 전체 조사 대상자중 스켈링을 받아본 경험이 있는 경우가 67.7%, 없는 경우가 32.3%로 나타났다. 스켈링에 대해서는 한번 하게 되면 계속해야하므로 하지 않는 것이 좋다고 생각하는 근로자가 53.5%로, 잇몸건강에 좋다고 생각하는 근로자 46.5%보다 높게 나타났다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2013

신장 위구르 자치구 바이청현 보즈구얼 지역의 A형 화강암체는 타림지대의 북쪽 끝과 동서쪽 방향의 알칼리 관입암대에 접하여 위치해 있다. 이 화강암체는 추휘석(aegrine)이나 아페소나이트(arfvedsonite)-석영-알칼리장석 섬장암, 또는 아페소나이트-알칼리장석 화강암, 흑운모-알칼리장석 섬장암으로 구성되며, 주요광물로는 알바이트(albite), K-장석, 석영, 아페소나이트(arfvedsonite), 추휘석, 시데로필라이트(siderophyllite) 등이 있으며 부성분 광물로는 지르콘(zircon), 파이로클로르(pyrochlore), 토라이트(thorite), 형석, 모나자이트(monazite), 바스네사이트(bastnaesite), 제노타임(xenotime), 아스트로필라이트(astrophyllite) 등이 있다. 이 알칼리 화강암체는 67.32%의 평균값을 갖는 $SiO_2$를 포함하고 평균 11.14%의 높은 $Na_2O+K_2O$(9.85~11.87%) 조성을 보이며 이 중 $K_2O$는 평균 4.73%의 조성을 보인다. $K_2O/Na_2O$의 비는 0.31~0.96 사이이며 $Al_2O_3$는12.58%부터 15.44%사이로 포함되고 총 $FeO^T$함량은 2.35~5.65%이내이다. CaO, MgO, MnO, $TiO_2$의 함량은 낮은 것으로 관찰된다. 희토류원소의 총량은 평균 $77{\times}10^{-6}$으로 비교적 높게 나타나고 경희토원소는 농축되어 있지만 중희토원소는 Eu원소의 부(-)의 이상과 함께 상대적으로 결핍되는 특징을 가진다. 또한 알칼리 화강암체의 chondrite-normalized 희토류원소의 패턴은 오른쪽으로 기울어진 갈매기형태를 보인다. Zr는 평균 $594{\times}10^{-6}$의 함량을 보이며 Zr+Nb+Ce+Y는 평균 $1362{\times}10^{-6}$의 함량을 나타낸다. 또한 이 알칼리 화강암체는 높은 HFSE(Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf)함량과 낮은 LILE(Ba, K, Sr)함량을 보인다. Nb/Ta의 비는 평균 16.5이며 Zr/Hf의 비는 평균 36.80이다. 지르콘은 경희토원소에서 결핍되고 중희토원소에서 농축되어있다. 지르콘의 chondrite-normalized 희토류원소는 Eu원소의 강한 부(-)의 이상과 함께 왼쪽으로 기울어진 갈매기형태를 보인다. 보즈구얼지역의 A타입 화강암체는 A1타입의 화강암과 유사한 특징을 나타낸다. 화강암질 마그마의 평균온도는 $832{\sim}839^{\circ}C$이며 보즈구얼 지역의 A타입 화강암체는 지각과 맨틀의 혼합양상을 보이며 고온, 무수, 낮은 산소의 퓨개시티(fugacity) 환경을 가진 판 내부의 비조산대에서 생성되었을 가능성이 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2006

목 적 : 신생아 황달은 중국, 일본, 한국인 등 동양인에서 서양인에 비해 많이 발생하여 유전적인 요인이 있을 것으로 생각되며 빌리루빈 대사의 주된 효소인 Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 유전자의 다형성이 관여한다고 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 빌리루빈 대사의 핵심 효소인 UGT1A1 유전자의 다형성이 한국인 신생아 황달과 어떤 연관성이 있는지 알아 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 혈중 빌리루빈 수치가 12 mg/dL 이상의 건강하고, 위험인자가 없는 만삭아 중 신생아 황달 환아 80명과, 대조군 164명으로부터 혈액을 0.5 cc를 채취하여 DNA을 분리하였다. UGT1A1 유전자를 PCR로 증폭하여, 염기서열 분석 방법을 통해 UGT1A1 유전자 untranslated region의 1828G>A(rs 10929303) 단일염기다형성을 확인하였다. 결 과 : UGT1A1 유전자 3' untranslated region의 guanine에서 adenine으로의 1828G>A 단일염기다형성이 신생아 고빌리루빈군 중 총 혈청 빌리루빈이 12 mg/dL 이상인 80명 중 67명(83.8%)이 GG 유전형을 보였고 10명(12.5%)이 GA 이종접합, 3명(3.7%)이 AA 유전형을 나타냈다. 대조군 164명에서는 135명(82.3%)이 GG 유전형을 보였고, GA 이종접합은 16명(9.8%), AA 유전형은 13명(7.9%)으로 나타났다. 변이형 대립유전자 빈도는 고빌리루빈혈증군에서 10.0%로 대조군 12.8%와 비슷하였다(P=0.3687). 결 론 : 한국인 신생아 황달에서 UGT1A1 유전자의 1828G>A 다형성을 확인하였으나, 이는 고빌리루빈혈증군에서 대조군에서와 비슷한 빈도로 관찰되어 한국인 신생아 황달의 발생과 연관이 없을 것으로 생각된다.