• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 1985

The contents of capicin according to the growth of fresh red peppers (Capsicum annum) and to-brewing of 'kochujang' (fermented hot peper-soybean paste) and 'kimchi' (a group of Korean seasoned pickles) were quantified by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Colors of the peppers were evaluated by Hunter Value and quantity of capsanthin. The content and chemical structure of capsaicin after heat treatment were traced by HPLC, GCMS, UV and NMR. It was found that the capsaicin content of red peper was highest 6 to 7 weeks after flowering and that peppers with high Hunter Value contained higher level of capsanthin. The content of capsaicin of kochujang and kimchi declined by 20% and 17% respectively, as they are brewed. Capsaicin content was decreased by heating. However, change in its chemical strtcure was not occurred.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2016

In the course of our continuing search for biologically active components from Korean medicinal plants, we isolated the main compound, luteolin 5-glucoside from aqueous fraction of Ajuga spectabilis. The structure was elucidated by the basis of $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR and TOF ESI-MS data. Quantitative analysis of luteolin 5-glucoside was carried out on a XBridge C18 column ($S-5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) with gradient elution composed of acetonitrile:water. The results exhibit that the average content of main compound in A. spectabilis were 0.048%. Oxidative stress plays a major role Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodogenerative disease. AD is major health problem and there is currently no clinically accepted treatment to cure or stop its progression. Pretreatment with luteolin 5-glucoside markedly attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced cell viability loss in a dose-dependent manner. Luteolin 5-glucoside also inhibited the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y. The results suggest that luteolin 5-glucoside from A. spectabilis has protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, which might be a potential therapeutic compound for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative disease implicated with oxidative stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2011

A sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC/MS/MS) assay was developed for the determination of soyasaponins in soybean. Among soyasaponins, soyasaponin I was isolated and characterized from methanol extracts of soybean as analytical standards and the development of a new analytical procedure for quantification of its content in various cultivars. The structures of these compound was elucidated by $^1H$, $^{13}C$ NMR experiments and by mass spectrometric analysis. Aqueous ethanol extracts of soybean samples were injected on an Agilent XDB-C18 column ($4.6mm{\times}50mm$, $1.8{\mu}m$) with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile, a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and a total run time of 8 min. Detection was performed by mass spectrometer bin the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) m/z at 941 ${\rightarrow}$ 615 for soyasaponin I. In the 9 soybean samples, contents of soyasaponin I ranged from 205 to 726 mg/kg, and correlated negatively with seed size.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.169-183
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• 1984

인삼의 주된 사포닌으로서 Rg,과 Rb,을 흰쥐에 투여하였을 경우에 이들 물질이 흰쥐의 장기에 흡수 또는 분포되는 상태와 배설에 대하여 연구하였다. 진세노사이드 $Rg_{1}$은 경구 투여량의 약 $1.9{\%}$가 소화관의 상부에서 흡수되었으며, 투여한지 30분 후에 최고 혈중 농도에 이르렀고 조직에서는 1.5시간 걸렸다. 그러나 뇌에서는 확인되지 않았으며 뇨와 당즙에는 2 : 5의 비로 배설되었다. $Rb_{1}$을 100mg/kg 경구투여한 결과, 소화관에서는 거의 흡수가 되지 않았으며, 한편 정맥주사(5mg/kg)의 경우는 혈중 $Rb_{1}$의 농도가 지수적으로 감소하였으며, B-phase의 반감기는 14.5시간이었다. 정맥주사후 혈청과 조직에 장시간 잔존은 활성을 나탄내는 혈청단백과의 결합과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료되며 시간에 따라 뇨로 배설되나 담즙에서는 확인되지 않았다. $Rg_{1}$과 $Rb_{1}$을 경구투여한 후 TLC와 $^{13}C$-NMR을 이용하여 위와 대장에서의 분해 상태를 연구한 결과 위에서 $Rg_{1}$의 일부가 분해, 6종류의 분해 산물이 r-everse phase TLC상에서 관찰되었고 이들 분해 산물은 약산성 (0.1N HCl, $37^{\circ}C$) 조건하에서 $Rg_{1}$의 가수분해산물과 동일하였다. 한편, $Rb_{1}$ 경구투여후 위장에서 얻은 시료중에서 미확인 분해산물이 관찰되었으며, 이 분해산물은 약산성 조건하에서 $Rb_{1}$의 가수분해산물과는 상이하다는 사실을 확인하였다. 대장에서, $Rg_{1}$은 미생물 tetracycline-susceptible bacteria와 tetracycline-resist bacteria에 의해 $Rb_{1}$과 $F_{1}$으로 분해되었으며, $Rb_{1}$은 장내의 효소와 tetracycline-resistantant bacteria에 의해 Rd와 2 종류의 미확인 물질로 분해되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2227-2232
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• 2009

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.501-505
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• 1996

우리나라에서 오랫동안 적색 및 황색색소원으로 널리 사용하여 왔던 홍화(Carthamus tinctorius)로부터 전통적인 추출방법을 응용한 새로운 방법을 사용하여 적색소를 효과적으로 분리정제하였다. 홍화꽃잎을 물 및 메탄올로 처리하여 황색소를 제거한 다음 건조파쇄하여 0.5 M $Na_2CO_3$로 홍색소를 추출하고 0.5 M citrate 수용액으로 침전시킨 후 cellulose 흡착, Sephadex LH-20 관크로마토그라피로 분리정제하였다. 분리정제된 적색소는 $300^{\circ}C$에서 분해되었고 silica gel TLC 상에서 BAW(n-BuOH : HOAc : $H_2O$=4 : 1 : 5)로 전개하였을 때 $R_f$값이 0.56이었다. 에탄올 용액에 녹인 적색소의 UV/Vis 흡수스펙트럼은 519, 372, 311, 244 nm에서 최대 흡수피크를 나타내었고, IR 스펙트럼은 특히 $3400\;cm^1$ 넓은 영역에서 hydroxyl기에 의한 강한 흡수띠를 보여주었다. $^{1}H$ 및 $^{13}C$ NMR data로 부터 enolized ${\beta}-triketone$, p-hydroxycinnamoyl, methine 및 glucosyl moieties를 확인하였고 그 값을 제시하였다. 이상의 data를 문헌과 비교한 결과 분리한 홍화적색소의 화학구조는 $6-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-2-[[3-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-[3#-(4@-hydroxyphenyl)-1#-oxo-2#-propenyl]-6-oxo-1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl]methylene]-5,6-dihydroxy-4-[3#-(4@-hydroxyphenyl)-1#-oxo-2#-propenyl]-4-cyclohexene-1,3-dione$인 carthamin으로 확인하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2005

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by UV exposure or other environmental factors are critical players in cellular damage and aging. In order to develop a new antiphotoaging agent, this work focused on the antioxidant effects of the extract of tinged autumnal leaves of Acer palmatum. One compound was isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the A. palmatum extract using silica gel column chromatography. The chemical structure was identified as apigenin-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside, more commonly known as vitexin, by spectral analysis including LC-MS, FT-IR, UV, $^{1}H-$, and $^{13}C-NMR$. The biological activities of vitexin were investigated for the potential application of its anti-aging effects in the cosmetic field. Vitexin inhibited superoxide radicals by about $70\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals by about $60\%$ at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity was indicated by increases in dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence upon exposure to UVB $20\;mJ/cm^2$ in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) after the treatment of vitexin. The results show that oxidation of 5-(6-)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlo-rodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($CM-H_{2}DCFDA$) is inhibited by vitexin effectively and that vitexin has a potent free radical scavenging activity in UVB-irradiated HDFs. In ROS imaging using a confocal microscope we visualized DCF fluorescence in HDFs directly. In conclusion, our findings suggest that vitexin can be effectively used for the prevention of UV-induced adverse skin reactions such as free radical production and skin cell damage.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.47-51
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• 1995

In order to develope new asymmetric catalyst, we synthesized the following new sulfonamide derivatives start from S-Indoline-2-Carboxylic Acid via the following 5 steps. Hydroxy methyl derivative(1) was thus treated with methane sulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine as base to give mesylated derivative(2) in 85% of isolated yield. The mesylate compound (2) was treated with excess sodium azide to give Azido derivative (4) in 95% isolated yield. Azido compound (3) was then reduced to the corresponding amino derivative in near quntitative yield by the hydrogenation under hydrogen atmospere in the presence of catalytic amount of Pd-C. The amino derivative (4) was converted to its sulfonamide derivatives by the treatment of compound(4) with triisopropyl benzene sulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethyl amine as base. Finally t-BOC group of the compound(5) was removed by the treatement of excess Trifluoro-acetic acid in near quantitative yield to give the target sulfonamide derivative (7) .in this paper we prepared compound(6) in 49% overall yield via the 5 steps of synthesis starting from t-Boc- 2-hydroxy methyl indoline(1) which cab be easily prepared from commercial available S-indoline-2-carboxylic acid by known methods. we plan to apply this new catalyst for the asymmetric reduction , diels-alder reaction, aldolcondensation reaction in due courses.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2020

Ginseng has been used as a popular herbal medicine in East Asia for at least two millennia. However, 20(R)-ginseng saponins, one class of important rare ginsenosides, are rare in natural products. 20(R)-ginseng saponins are generally prepared by chemical epimerization and microbial transformation from 20(S)-isomers. The C20 configuration of 20(R)-ginseng saponins are usually determined by ¹³C NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. 20(R)-ginseng saponins have antitumor, antioxidative, antifatigue, neuroprotective, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory effects, among others. Owing to the chemical structure and pharmacological and stereoselective properties, 20(R)-ginseng saponins have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. In this study, the discovery, identification, chemical epimerization, microbial transformation, pharmacological activities, and metabolism of 20(R)-ginseng saponins are summarized.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.937-941
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• 2006

Ixeris dentata forma albiflora was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_{2}O$. Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel ($C_{18},\;ODS$) column chromatography of the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Physicochemical analysis using NMR, MS and IR revealed the chemical structures of the sesquiterpenes, which were zaluzanin (1), 9a-hydroxyguaian-4(15), 10(14), 11 (13)-triene-6, 12-olide(2), $3{\beta}-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-8{\beta}-hydroxyguaian$-4(15), 10(14)-diene-6, 12-olide (3), $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-8{\beta}-hydroxyguauan$-10(14)-ene-6, 12-olide (4), ixerin M (5), glucozaluzanin C (6), crepiside I (7), and ixerin D (8). This is the first time that these sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated from this plant. Compounds 1, 2 and 7 revealed relatively high cytotoxicities on human colon carcinoma cell and lung adeno-carcinoma cell, while compounds 5 and 7 showed acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitory activity.