• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1653-1660
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• 2004

부산시내 초등학교 5곳을 방문하여 현 급식소에서 보유하고 있는 급식시설$.$설비에 대한HACCP 적용시 중점관리점을 파악하기 위하여 위생평가를 실시하였다. 학교 급식 시설$.$설비는 학교급식소에서 사용하고 있는 천장, 벽, 바닥, 트렌치, 그리스 트랩, 후드, 방충망, 덤웨이터 등 총 8곳으로 분류하여 총균수, 대장균군수 측정을 통해 위생상태를 확인하였다. 급식시설$.$설비 표면의 위생상태를 검사한 결과 천장, 벽을 제외한 나머지에서 $10^4$∼$10^{6}$ CFU/100 $\textrm{cm}^2$의 세균이 검출되어 여전히 학교급식소의 위생수준이 낮은 것으로 파악되었고 특히, 그리스 트랩의 경우가 가장 위생상태가 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 대장균군수의 경우는 천장을 제외한 나머지 장소에서 $10^2$∼$10^4$ CFU/100 $\textrm{cm}^2$의 세균이 검출되었고 그리스 트랩에서 가장 높은 수의 세균과 대장균이 발견되어 특별히 관리 해야 되는 부분으로 확인되었다. 또한 학교급식 시설$.$설비의 하절기 및 동절기의 위생상태를 알아보고 중점 관리 점을 제시하기 위하여 급식 후 세 척 및 소독을 실시한 다음 시간 및 요일의 경과에 따른 오염도를 측정한 결과, 하절기에는 매일 소독을 실시해야 하는 바닥, 트렌치, 그리스 트랩, 덤웨이터의 경우는 급식 전에 소독을 실시한 후 급식을 시작해야 하는 것으로 나타났고, 주 1회 소독을 실시 하는 벽, 후드, 방충망은 주 3회 이상으로 소독횟수를 늘려 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 동절기에는 바닥, 트렌치, 덤웨이터의 경우는 현재와 마찬가지로 급식 후에 소독을 실시하여야 하는 것으로 나타났고 그리스 트랩의 경우는 급식 전에 실시한 후 급식을 시작해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 벽, 후드, 방충망은 주 2회 이상으로 소독횟수를 늘려 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2017

The notion of $I_{BE}$-energetic subsets in BE-algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Characterizations of $I_{BE}$-energetic subsets are discussed, and conditions for a subset to be an $I_{BE}$-energetic subset are provided.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2014

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a positive implicative filter in BE-algebras. We show that every positive implicative filter is a filter in BE-algebras. We give some examples that a filter may not be a positive implicative filter and also a positive implicative filter may be not an implicative filter in BE-algebras. We also give some equivalent conditions of a positive implicative filter in BE-algebras.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the awareness tendency of the government employees who manage forest roads about problems of forest road use and how to improve them in the future using surveys. The results show there are more silvicultural operations than harvesting operations using forest roads. The main purpose of using forest roads is to transport workers; however, the road will be used more for harvesting operations in the future. The respondents wanted to be accessibility for forest operations within 200 m from road in both present and future. For silvicultural operations 1-ton vehicle is used at present, and 5-ton vehicles are expected to be used in the future. For harvesting operations 5-ton vehicle is used at present, and 10-ton vehicles are will be used in the future. The roadway width is 3 - 4 m at present, but should be 4 - 4.5 m in the future. The longitudinal gradient of roads is 7 - 10% at present, and will be below 10% in the future. The minimum curve radius of roads is 12 - 15 m at present, and will be 15 - 20 m in the future. The results provide basic data for making future forest road policies.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제10권
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• pp.83-90
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• 1981

Let (X, A) be a measurable space, i.e. X is a non-empty set and A is a $\sigma$-field of subsets of X. Let $\Omega$ be a parameter space and P be a family of probability measures $P_\theta, \theta \in \Omega$ defined on (X, A).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.729-738
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• 2009

Given the evolution of High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor(HTGR) designs, the source terms for licensing must be developed. There are three potential source terms: fission products, actinides in the fuel and tritium in the coolant. It is necessary to provide first an inventory of the source terms under normal operations. An analysis of source terms has yet to be performed for HTGRs. The previous code, which can estimate the inventory of the source terms for LWRs, cannot be used for HTGRs because the general data of a typical neutron cross-section and flux has not been developed. Thus, this paper uses a combination of the MCNP, ORIGEN, and MONTETEBURNS codes for an estimation of the source terms. A method in which the HTR-10 core is constructed using the unit lattice of a body-centered cubic is developed for core modeling. Based on this modeling method by MCNP, the generation of fission products, actinides and tritium with an increase in the burnup ratio is simulated. The model developed by MCNP appears feasible through a comparison with models developed in previous studies. Continuous fuel management is divided into five periods for the feeding and discharging of fuel pebbles. This discrete fuel management scheme is employed using the MONTEBURNS code. Finally, the work is investigated for 22 isotope fission products of nuclides, 22 actinides in the core, and tritium in the coolant. The activities are mainly distributed within the range of $10^{15}{\sim}10^{17}$ Bq in the equilibrium core of HTR-10. The results appear to be highly probable, and they would be informative when the spent fuel of HTGRs is taken into account. The tritium inventory in the primary coolant is also taken into account without a helium purification system. This article can lay a foundation for future work on analyses of source terms as a platform for safety assessment in HTGRs.

• 대기
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2007

A weekend effect has been investigated in diurnal temperature range (DTR) for Seoul in Korea using 50-year (1955 ~ 2005) surface measurements of maximum and minimum temperatures, and particle mass concentrations (PM10). The minimum temperature increases by 0.42K per decade, 2 times faster than the maximum temperature during 1955 to 2005, for rapid urbanization has occurred in Seoul. The weekend effect, which is defined as the DTR for Sunday minus the average DTR for Tuseday through Thursday, can be as large as +0.08 K for the recent 20-year period relative to 0.01K for 1955 to 1975. Especially the wintertime DTR tends to have a remarkable positive weekend effect (+0.17K), that is, larger DTR on Sunday compared to weekdays, which seems to be associated with increased maximum temperature and thus an increase in DTR. This result could be explained by relative differences in PM10 concentration between Sunday and weekdays (Tuesday through Thursday), such that PM10 concentration on Sundays appears to be systematically lower about 12% than on weekdays. The annually average weekend DTR increases by 0.2K with $10{\mu}gm^{-3}$ decrease in PM10 concentration in comparison with weekdays. The results could be possible evidence of an anthropogenic link to DTR, one of climate important indicators, since no meteorological phenomenon is supposed to occur over a 7 day cycle.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2018

This research is to analyze the change of pupil size in gender through the eye-tracking experiment in large complex cultural space. It is meaningful that figured out the common characteristics and differences from gender observation characteristics. Through this research, the analyzed results of the observation time measurement that appeared from the fixation and saccades pupil indicator able to define as follows. Firstly, it was suggested that there were differences between each gender and participants through extract pupil size that can be the standard examples for the case from male and female and the process of extracting the relative pupil size change on the hourly range. From the specific time range, it was possible to indicate bending characteristics and reversal phenomena of Fixation and Saccades. Second, the result was found equally from both male and female group that the rapid increment of pupil size at initial time range immediately after the eye-tracking experiment has been initiated. This can be considered to actively accepting the stress given by the subject through the extended pupil after 10 seconds that compare to indicated very low pupil size between 0 to 10 seconds after starting the experiment. Third, meanwhile 0 to 10 seconds after initial observation are the time of sudden change in the pupil size, therefore these time range data cannot be regarded as observed in the appropriate condition. Thus, it able to define the highest times of emotional processing for male as 10 to 80 seconds, and for female as 10 to 70 seconds. There was no definition of the time range data for observation experiment from previous research, this data can be considered to stable time to observation through the pupil extension. Therefore, it is possible to set suitable time of observation experiment to be around 70 to 80 seconds exclude initial experiment time.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.701-716
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• 2022

This study investigated the distribution behaviors of PM2.5 and PM10 at two air quality monitoring sites, Go-eup (GO) and Backseokeup (BS), located in Yangju City, South Korea. The amounts of emissions sources of pollutants were analyzed based on the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), and the contribution rates of neighboring cities were enumerated in Yangju. Yangju has a geological basin structure, and it is a city with mixed urban and rural characteristics. The emission concentration of particulate matter was affected by geological and seasonal factors for all sites observed in this study. Therefore, these factors should be considered when establishing policies related to particulate matter. Because the official GO and BS station sites in Yangju are both situated in the southern part of the city, the representativeness of both stations was checked using correlation analysis for the measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 by considering two more sites-those of Bongyang-dong (BY) and the Gumjun (GJ) industrial complex. The data included discharge amounts for business types 4 and 5, which were not sufficiently considered in the CAPSS estimates. Because the 4 and 5 types of businesses represent over 92.6% of businesses in this city, they are workplaces in Yangju that have a significant effect on the total air pollutant emission. These types of businesses should be re-inspected as the main discharge sources in industry, and basic data accumulation should be carried out. Moreover, to manage the emission of particulate matter, attainable countermeasures for the main sources of these emissions should be prepared in a prioritized fashion; such countermeasures include prohibition of backyard burning, supervision of charcoal kilns, and management of livestock excretions and fugitive dust in construction sites and on roads. The contribution rates by neighboring cities was enumerated between 6.3% and 10.9% for PM2.5. Cooperation policies are thought to be required with neighboring cites to reduce particulate matter.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2018

The seeds of soybean (Glycine max), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), mung bean (Vigna radiata), and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were examined the germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage ($-18^{\circ}C$) conservation. For soybean seeds, 2,313 accessions were examined and germination rate of 1,082 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 227 accessions of soybean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 589 accessions was increased and showed no change for 415 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For adzuki bean seeds, 2,058 accessions were examined and germination rate of 739 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 63 accessions of adzuki bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 535 accessions was increased and showed no change for 721 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For mung bean seeds, 438 accessions were examined and germination rate of 139 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 5 accessions of mung bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 155 accessions was increased and showed no change for 139 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage. For kdney bean seeds, 366 accessions were examined and germination rate of 7 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 65 accessions of kidney bean, germination rate was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. Germination rate of 201 accessions was increased and showed no change for 93 accessions after 10 years of long-term storage.