• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 1994

Mycelial growth resistant isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea to benomyl showed 99~79% spore germination on the PSA media supplemented with 200~2,100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl to manifest the high cross-resistance in spore germination. Mycelial growth, 23~9 mm in colony diameter, also manifested the high cross-resistance of mycelial growth together with similarity of spore forming cross-resistance. Benomyl resistant isolates BR1, BR2 and BR3, grew 23~10 mm in colony diameter at 330~3,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of captafol, captan and oxine-copper showing the high double resistance of mycelial growth and spore formation with minor difference. However, within concentration range of the 3 fungicides tested, germinations of all the tested isolates were completely suppressed to show no double-resistance in the fungal spore germination.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.64-67
• /
• 1994

Crown rot was found find tomatoes growing on a rockwool culture system in a glasshouse at Dongkwangyang in 1992. The disease occurred on the stem of 'Trust' tomato plants with 3~4 cluster of flowers. Infected plants showed stem girdling and necrosis at or slightly above the rockwool line. Internal tissues of crown and stem including cortex, vascular bundle, and pith became decayed resulting in a chocolate-brown discoloration extending no more than 10~15 cm above the crown. Diseased tomato plants with the similar symptoms were found at Ansung and Taejon where tomatoes were grown on either rockwool or soil in plastic greenhouses. The size of macroconidia of Fusarium isolated from a diseased plant was 26.0~41.6$\times$2.9~4.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and microconidia were formed on short monophialide and the size was 3.6~12.5$\times$2.9~3.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Morphological characteristics and inoculation tests indicated that the causal organism of the disease was Fusarium oxysporum.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 이류를 고려한 확산 실험을 통해 매립지 차수층을 이루는 점토와 실리카계와 석회계 두 종류의 고화재(PA, PB)에서의 무기물 이동특성을 알아보고 이를 순수확산 실험결과와 비교하였다. 점토와 고화층(PA, PB)에 대한 이류를 고려한 확산실험 결과 평균분산계수는 각각 $4.39\times l0^{-10}\textrm{m}^2 /s,\; 1.98\times l0^{-10}\textrm{m}^2 /s,\; 1.99\times l0^{-10}\textrm{m}^2 /s$ 로 나타나 고화층이 점토보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이류확산 실험 결과와 순수확산 실험결과를 비교 분석결과 이류를 고려한 경우 각각의 무기물에 대한 음이온인 염소이온의 분산계수의 값은 두 시험 결과 사이에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 범위는 이류를 고려한 경우가 순수확산의 경우 보다 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.27-55
• /
• 1999

The excavation works for deep foundation in urban areas have recently increased complaints of blasting vibration and settlement of ground level. Foundation must be excavated approximately up to 24-28m depths from the surface. The roads and subway line pass through the excavation area. The Dae-chung station is also located at the nearest distance 5-35m from the working site. To protect subway station and adjacient some structures from blasting and settlement, the level of ground vibration, displacements and stress were monitored and analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. An empirical particle velocity equation were obtained by test blasts at Nassan Missi 860 Office tel construction site. $V{\;}={\;}K(D/\sqrt{W})^{-n}$, where the values for n and k are estimated tobe 0.371 and 1.551. From this ground vibration equation, the max. charge weight per delay time against distance from blasting point is calculated. Detailed blasting method is also presented. 2. To measure the horizontal displacement in directions perpendicular to the borehole axis, 6 inclinometers installed around working sites. The displacement at the begining was comparatively high because the installation of struts was delayed, but after its installation the values showed a stable trend. Among them, the displacement by 3 inclinometers installed on a temporary parking area showed comparatively high values, for example, the displacement measured at hole No. IC-l recoded the max. 47.04mm for 6 months and at hole No. IC-2 recorded the max. 57.33mm for 7 months. So, all of these data was estimated below a safe standard value 103mm. 3. Seven strain gauge meter was installed of measure the magnitude and change of stress acted on structs. The measured value of maximum stress was $-465{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}-338.4{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}302.3{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively. In compareto the allowable stress level of steel, they are estimated to be safe.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2001

Atmospheric concentrations of acidic pollutant were measured by the 4 stage filter pak method at Chunchon and by the 3 stage filter pack method at Seoul and Anmyon-do from January to December 1998. The sample was collected for 24 hours on every Wednesday. Concentrations of particulate matters were highest at Anmyon-do. The particulate concentration was much higher during the warm season than other seasons. While the particulate concentration was higher during the warm season, the concentration of gaseous matter was higher in winter. Dry deposition flux was calculated by using reported deposition velocities and concentration of pollutants measured in this study. The dry deposition velocities used in this study for SO$_2$, SO$_{4}^{2}$, HNO$_3$,NO$_{3}^{-}$ and NH$_3$ were 0.29, 0.15, 2.08( 2.13 only for Anmyon-do), 0.20 and 1.00cm/sec, respectively. At Chunchon, annual sulfur flux originated from dry deposition was 384 kg/$textrm{km}^2$, and the flux from wet deposition was 782kg/$textrm{km}^2$. Dry deposition of sulfur was 33% of total sulfur deposition. The annual nitrogen flux originated from dry deposition was 1,892kg/$textrm{km}^2$. And the flux from wet deposition was 1,066kg/$textrm{km}^2$. Dry deposition of nitrogen was 64% of total nitrogen deposition. Dry deposition as well as wet deposition have to be considerd in the study on acidification of environment such as soil or watershed.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.517-522
• /
• 1999

실험에 사용된 녹차는 전남 보성에서 재배된 것으로 국내시장에서 구입하였다. 녹차 5g을 순수한 물 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 후 클로로포름과 에틸아세테이트로 분배하였다. 추출액을 크로마토그래픽 컬럼 (4.6$\times$250 mm, 15$\mu\textrm{m}$, Lichrospher 100RP-18)을 이용하여 정제하였다. 정제된 추출액으로부터 $\mu$-Bondapak $C_18$(3.9$\times$300mm, 10$\mu\textrm{m}$) 컬럼을 이용하여 녹차에 포함된 카테킨 화합물을 분리하였으며, EGC(Epigallocatechin, C(catechin), EC(Epicatechin), EGCG(Epigallocatechin Gallate) and ECG(Epicatechin Gallate)의 순으로 용출되었다. 본 연구의 결과로서는 목적물질인 EGCG를 분리하기 위해 이동상의 조성은 0.1%의 아세트산이 포함된 물/아세토나이트릴, 87/13 %(v/v)이었다. 유량은 1.0 $m\ell$/min, UV 검지기는 280nm로 고정하였다. 위의 실험조건으로 5g의 전남 보성산 녹차로부터 순도 98% 이상의 121.3mg EGCG를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2003

This study examines the material characteristics of fibers and their influences on reinforced concrete through the tests of reinforced concrete by the types of fibers including non-reinforced, steel, polypropylene and cellulose fibers and the test of compressive strength and reinforced concrete beam without shear reinforcement and consequently it obtains the following conclusions. As a result of conducting compressive strength by the types of specimens, fiber reinforced specimen with the highest compressive strength value at 28 days of age was cellulose fiber reinforced specimen as 280.4kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and steel fiber specimen had the highest compressive strength of 250.7kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 180 days of age. In case of non-reinforced specimen, its compressive strength was 277.4kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 28 days of age and 273.1kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 180 days of age. Comparing the compressive strength of non-reinforced specimen to that fiber reinforced specimen showed that the compressive strength of fiber reinforced specimen was lower in the passage of age and the results of this experiment showed no effects of fiber reinforcement. As a result of testing reinforced concrete beam without shear reinforcement, ductility factors of specimens were 4.67 for non-reinforced specimen, 8.18 for steel fiber reinforced specimen, 6.20 for polypropylene fiber reinforced specimen and 5.49 for cellulose reinforced specimen, and it is found that steel fiber reinforced specimen was highest. When non-reinforced specimen and steel fiber reinforced specimen were compared, steel fiber reinforced specimen had higher ductility factor of about 75.2% than that of non-reinforced specimen.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 1995

Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipids were determined along with anthropometric measurements in 174 healthy male subjects with mean age of 50.3$\pm$6.8 years from Taegu area in Korea. Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip(W/H) ratio of the subjects were 23.18$\pm$2.46 and 0.88$\pm$0.04, respectively and their systolic and distolic blood pressures were 127.8$\pm$15.5 and 83.9$\pm$10.8mmHg. Twenty one percent of the subject had BMI over 25. Average seum levels of total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 187.7$\pm$34.9, 117.6$\pm$33.5, 41.1$\pm$9.0 and 140.7$\pm$83.6mg/dl, respectively. Sixteen percent of the subject had LDL-chole-sterol over 130mg/dl. Serum level of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) of the subject was 2.01$\pm$0.77 MDA nmoles/ml and those of $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol. ascorbic acid and sum of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-carotene were 9.59$\pm$3.11$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.15$\pm$ 0.38$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 10.5$\pm$3.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 64.6$\pm$43.$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, respectively. About 14% of the sujects had low vitamin E status of less than 7.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml,. while 6% had low vitamin C status of less than 4.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, Serum vitamin E showed positive correlations with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, but no correlation with TBARS. Fatty acids of serum total lipid were composed of 42.9% as saturnted. 19.3% as monounsaturated and 36.7% polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). N-6 and n-3 PUFA were 27.7% and 8.3% of total fatty acids. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratios were negatively correlated both with serum total cholesterol and TBARS.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 1994

The fungal pathogen Monosporascus annonballus was first isolated in Korea from the rotted roots of bottle gourd stocks of collapsed watermelon plants in fields near Chochiwon, Choongnam province in July, 1993. Perithecia of M. cannonballus were dark brown to black, globose, 220~570 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diam. and had many asci. Asci are hyaline, clavate to pyriform, and 50~120$\times$35~570 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Ascospores were aseptate, dark brown to black, globose, 25~45$\times$30~50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diam, and borne singly in each ascus. The fungus grew in the temperature range of 4 to 34$^{\circ}C$, best at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH for growth was 6.8. Mycelial growth rate of M. cannonballus was 25.5mm/day on PDA at 26$^{\circ}C$. Perithecia began to form after 20-day-growth on PDA and produced mature asci after 30 days or later. In the greenhouse inoculation tests, the fungus developed water-soaked lesions on roots of bottle gourd seedlings and was then reisolated from the lesions. Severed damages on watermelon plants by M. cannonballus are greatly concerned in Korea, since no stocks used for watermelon cultivation have reported to be resistant to the fungus.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.425-435
• /
• 1998

본 연구는 핵이식 효율을 증진시키기 위하여 소의 핵이식에 있어서 MII 의 탈핵난자의 활성화 방법과 공핵란으로써 개별배양과 그룹배양된 수정란을 사용하여 할구분리시 발견할수 있는 할구의 크기별로 대ㆍ소로 구분하여 핵이식에 미치는 영향을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 핵이식에 있어 MII의 탈핵난자에 5$\mu$M ionomycin 에서 5분 처리후 2.0 mM DMAP 을 4시간동안 처리구, 탈핵 후 체외성축으로부터 39~43시간에 2.0 mM DMAP 올 4시간동안 처리구와 탈핵후 체외성숙으로부터 39~42시간에 실온에 3시간 두어 활성을 유도한 처리구에서 융합율은 각각 68, 74.7와 72.8%를 보여 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 배반포기배로의 발달율에 있어서도 10.0, 14.3와 9.0%로써 처리구간의 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 하지만 핵이식 후 7일째 배반포기 배로 발달한 수정란의 할구수에서는 각 처리구 별로 79.2개, 73.4개 그리고 53.2개로 체외성숙으로부터 39~42시간에 실용에 3시간 두어 활성화를 유도한 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (P＜0.05). 2. 수정후 90시간 개별 배양 또는 그룹배양된 수정란의 평균할구수는 11.1 개로 같게 나타났으며 할구분리시 할구의 크기는 평균 46.8, 46.6$\mu\textrm{m}$로 나타났으며, 두 그룹 모두 46$\mu\textrm{m}$를 기준으로 large 와 small 로 나누었을 때 개별배양에서는 할구의 크기가 42.0, 50.9$\mu\textrm{m}$로 측정되었으며, 그룹배양에서는 41.6, 50.6$\mu\textrm{m}$로 측정되었다. 수정후 114시간 개별 및 그룹배양된 수정란의 평균할구수는 16.8개와 17.6개로 나타났으며, 할구분리시 할구의 크기는 평균 39.3, 38.7$\mu\textrm{m}$로 나타났다. 두 그룹 모두 38$\mu\textrm{m}$ 를 기준으로 Large 와 small로 나누었을 때 개별배양에서는 할구의 크기가 42.5, 35.2$\mu\textrm{m}$로 측정되었으며, 그룹배양에서는 42.1, 34.8$\mu\textrm{m}$ 로 측정되었다. 3. 핵이식 수정란의 세포융합율에 있어서 수정 후 90시간 개별배양된 수정란의 small 과 large 의 할구를 공핵체로 사용한 처리구에서 69.2 와 72.3%, 그룹배양된 수정란의 small 과 large의 할구를 공핵체로 사용한 처리구에서는 71.6와 76.3%의 융합율을 보여 유의적으로 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 핵이식 수정란의 배반포기배로의 발달율에 있어서도 각 각 11.1, 10.2, 12.2 그리고 13.0%의 발달율을 보여 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 수정 후 114 시간 개별배양된 수정란으로부터 분리된 small과 large의 할구를 공핵체로 사용한 처리구에서 핵이식 수정란의 세포융합율에 있어서 각각 71.0, 71.4, 69.9 및 77.1% 의 융합율올 보여 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 핵이식 수정란의 배반포기배로의 발달율에 있어서도 각각 11.4%, 8.0%, 17.2% 그리고 12.9% 의 발달율을 보여 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 핵이식 수정란을 효율적으로 생산하기 위하여 수핵난자의 세포질에 ionomycin 과 DMAP 의 혼합처리로 탈핵난자의 활성화를 유도하는 것이 효율을 증진시킬 수 있었다고 본다. 또한 공핵수정란을 수정 후 90시간과 114시간 개별 배양하여 할구를 공핵체로 핵이식에 이용하였을 때도 그룹배양에 비하여 효율이 떨어지지 않음을 알 수 있었으며, 수정란의 할구 크기의 차이가 핵이식 수정란의 생산효율에 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다.