• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2018

The CRISPR-Cas system is the adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea against invading phages or foreign plasmids. In the type II CRISPR-Cas system, an endonuclease Cas9 cleaves DNA targets of phages as directed by guide RNA comprising crRNA and tracrRNA. To avoid targeting and destruction by Cas9, phages employ anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that act against host bacterial immunity by inactivating the CRISPR-Cas system. Here we report the backbone $^1H$, $^{15}N$, and $^{13}C$ resonance assignments of AcrIIA4 that inhibits endonuclease activity of type II-A Listeria monocytogenes Cas9 and also Streptococcus pyogenesis Cas9 using triple resonance nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The secondary structures of AcrIIA4 predicted by the backbone chemical shifts show an ${\alpha}{\beta}{\beta}{\beta}{\alpha}{\alpha}$ fold, which is used to determine the solution structure.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

This study has investigated psychological responses to various TV advertisements by using EEG(electroencephalogram). In particular, it was assumed that the brain wave would show different patterns depending upon the style of the advertisement that could be categorized into two such as 'information transfer' type and 'emotional reaction' type. Ten healthy males participated in the experiment. EEG signal was extracted from six lobes such as right and left frontal, right and left occipital, right and left temporal while the subjects were watching TV advertisements. Alpha and beta relative power spectrum, and beta/alpha parameter were calculated to compare two kinds of advertisement each other. Additionally, subjective questionnaire was used to examine subject's response by using adjective words and preference test. In result, significant differences were found in left frontal and right occipital lobe in terms of beta/alpha between two different advertisements. And, subjects showed different preference between two advertisements. It was shown that the current method could analyze the brain reaction to advertisement quantitatively, that presented the possibility of using it to marketing research.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.86.4-87
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• 2017

Symbiotic stars are binary systems composed of a hot white dwarf and a mass losing giant. Many symbiotic stars are known to exhibit broad wings around Balmer emission line. We show high resolution spectra of S-type symbiotic stars, Z Andromedae and AG Draconis, obtained with the ESPaDOnS and the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, in which we find prominent broad wings around Balmer lines. We adopt Monte-Carlo technique to consider two types of wing formation mechanisms, which are Thomson scattering by free electron in H II region and Raman scattering by atomic hydrogen in H I region. We find that Thomson wings of $H{\alpha}$ and $H{\beta}$ have the same widths in the Doppler space due to the cross section independent of wavelength. In contrast, Raman $H{\alpha}$ wings are 3 times broader widths than $H{\beta}$ counterparts, which is attributed to the different cross sections and branching ratios. Our CFHT data show that $H{\alpha}$ wings of Z Andromedae and AG Draconis are broader than $H{\beta}$ wings, lending strong support to the Raman scattering origin of Balmer wings in these objects.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) dysfunction induced vascular hyperpermeability. Transwell system analysis showed that M3R inhibition by selective antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) and small interfering RNA both increased endothelial permeability. Using coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot assay, we found that M3R inhibition increased VE-cadherin and ${\beta}$-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation without affecting their expression. Using PTP1B siRNA, we found that PTP1B was required for maintaining VE-cadherin and ${\beta}$-catenin protein dephosphorylation. In addition, 4-DAMP suppressed PTP1B activity by reducing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), but not protein kinase $C{\alpha}$ ($PKC{\alpha}$). These data indicate that M3R preserves the endothelial barrier function through a mechanism potentially maintaining PTP1B activity, keeping the adherens junction proteins (AJPs) dephosphorylation.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2011

Generalizations of the notion of fuzzy hyper K-subalgebras are considered. The concept of fuzzy hyper K-subalgebras of type (${\alpha},{\beta}$) where ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ ${\in}$ {${\in}$, q, ${\in}{\vee}q$, ${\in}{\wedge}q$} and ${\alpha}{\neq}{\in}{\wedge}q$. Relations between each types are investigated, and many related properties are discussed. In particular, the notion of (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy hyper K-subalgebras is dealt with, and characterizations of (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy hyper K-subalgebras are established. Conditions for an (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy hyper K-subalgebra to be an (${\in}$, ${\in}$)-fuzzy hyper K-subalgebra are provided. An (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy hyper K-subalgebra by using a collection of hyper K-subalgebras is established. Finally the implication-based fuzzy hyper K-subalgebras are discussed.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 다양한 금속들이 담지된 H형 베타 제올라이트(BEA)를 황성분 함유 부취제 제거용 흡착제로 활용하였다. 단일 금속이 담지되거나 또는 두 종류의 금속이 복합적으로 함유된 여러 종류의 흡착제를 사용하여 연속적인 흡착층에서 THT와 TBM 부취제에 대한 개별적 혹은 경쟁적인 흡착 특성을 평가하였다. 순수한 H형 BEA 제올라이트는 TBM 화합물에 대하여 가장 높은 흡착능력을 나타내었으며, THT 부취제는 Fe, Pd 금속 및 ZnO를 함유한 HBEA상에서 더 많은 양으로 흡착 제거되었다. 복합금속함유 흡착제의 경우에는 Cu-Zn/HBEA와 Fe-Mo/HBEA가 TBM 부취제에 대하여 더 높은 흡착용량을 나타내었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2002

Rhodotorula giutinis KCTC 7989내에 존재하는 카로티노이드를 효율적으로 추출하기 위한 방법에 대해 연구하였다. R. glutinis에 의해 생합성되는 카로티노이드의 조성은 torularhodin 61.7%, $\beta$-carotene 28.8%, torulene 9.5%이었다. 세포 내에 존재하는 카로티노이드를 추출하기 위해 HCI로 세포를 전처리할 경우 열처리의 병행이 중요한 인자였지만, DMSO를 사용한 경우는 열처리 유무에 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 추출용매에 따라 추출되는 카로티노이드의 조성이 영향을 받았다. 특히 벤젠과 클로로포름은 torularhodin의 추출에 효과적이었으며, 디에틸에테르를 사용했을 때 카로티노이드의 전체 추출농도가 가장 높았다. 건조된 세포나 습한 세포에 비해 냉동 건조된 세포에서 카로티노이드의 추출효율이 높게 나타났다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2010

The study investigates the various Acceptance Control Charts (ACCs) based on the factors that include process independence, data weighting scheme, subgrouping, and use of control charts. USL - LSL > $6{\sigma}$ that used in the good condition processes in the ACCs are designed by considering user's perspective, producer's perspective and both perspectives. ACCs developed from the research is efficiently applied by using the simple control limit unified with APL (Acceptable Process Level), RLP (Rejectable Process Level), Type I Error $\alpha$, and Type II Error $\beta$. Sampling interval of subgroup examines i.i.d. (Identically and Independent Distributed) or auto-correlated processes. Three types of weight schemes according to the reliability of data include Shewhart, Moving Average(MA) and Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) which are considered when designing ACCs. Two types of control charts by the purpose of improvement are also presented. Overall, $\alpha$, $\beta$ and APL for nonconforming proportion and RPL of claim proportion can be designed by practioners who emphasize productivity and claim defense cost.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

Asp66his, Asp54Lys, and Asp50Asn are mutations in connexin 26 that are observed in the clinic and give rise to autosomal dominant syndromes. They are the result of point mutations in the human gap junction ${\beta}-2$ gene. In order to investigate the structural mechanism of Bart-Pumphrey Syndrome, Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome, and Vohwinkel Syndrome, homology modeling was carried out. Asp66 has direct contact with Asn62 by two hydrogen bonds in the wild-type protein, and in Asp66His, the biggest change observed is a tremendous energy increase caused by hydrogen bond breakage to Asn62. Shifts in the side chain and new hydrogen bond formation are observed for Lys54 compared to the wild-type protein (Asn54) and result in closer contact to Val84. Asp50Asn causes a significant decrease in bond energy, and residual charge reversal repels the ion and metabolites and, hence, inhibits their transportation. Such perturbations are likely to be a factor contributing to abnormal functioning of ion channels, resulting cell death and disease.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

대학병원의 임상검체에서 extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL)생성 Klebsiella pneumoniae 51균주를 분리하였다. ESBL생성 K. pneumoniae 51균주는 광범위한 항생제에 내성을 보였고 대부분의 균주는 amikacin, gentamycin과 ciprofloxacin항생제에 내성을 나타내었다. 대학병원에서 분리한 51균주를 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)로 분석한 결과 충남대학병원 21균주와 충북대학병원에서 분리한 10균주는 Ia 와 Ib에 속하였고 경상대학 병원에서 분리한 20균주는 IIa, IIb에 속하였다. ESBL 생성 K. pneumoniae 51균주는 RAPD 분석으로 4가지의 유전형으로 구분 할 수 있었고 유전적으로 다양하였다. 이상의 결과로 RAPD 분석은 유전형분석에 빠르고 단순하고 경제적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.