• 약학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

In vitro ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitory activity of 6-triazole exomethylenepenam compounds (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) was compared with clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam. The inhibitory activity of 3, 4 and 5 was stronger than those of sulbactam, clavulanic acid and tazobactam against Type IV enzymes. And, inhibitory activity of 3 and 4 was stronger than those of sulbactam, clavulanic acid and tazobactam against Type III enzymes. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of 3, 4 and 5 combined with ampicillin was better than those with sulbactam and with cefoperazone was compared with the sulbactam against ${\beta}$-lactamase producing 27 strains. The synergistic activity of (Z)-form compounds (3 and 5) was better than that of (E)-form compound (4) and sulfone compound (5) was better than sulfide compound (3).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) accounts for 20 million infections in humans worldwide. In most cases, the infections are self-limiting while HEV genotype 1 infection cases may lead to lethal infections in pregnant women (~ 20% fatality). The lack of small animal models has hampered detailed analysis of virus-host interactions and HEV-induced pathology. Here, by employing a recently developed culture-adapted HEV, we demonstrated that methyltransferase, a non-structural protein, strongly inhibits melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-mediated activation of type I interferon responses. Compared to uninfected controls, HEV-infected cells display significantly lower levels of $IFN-{\beta}$ promoter activation when assessed by luciferase assay and RT-PCR. HEV genome-wide screening showed that HEV-encoded methyltransferase (MeT) strongly inhibits MDA5-mediated transcriptional activation of $IFN-{\beta}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$ in a dose-responsive manner whether or not it is expressed in the presence/absence of a tag fused to it. Taken together, current studies clearly demonstrated that HEV MeT is a novel antagonist of MDA5-mediated induction of $IFN-{\beta}$ signaling.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

별불가사리(Asterina pectinifera Muller and Troschel)는 우리나라 전국 연안에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 토속종으로, 패류 양식장에 피해를 주는 불가사리류 중의 하나이다. 별불가사리 퇴치를 위해 대부분 건조하여 비료로 활용하고 있으며, 고부가가치 창출을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되었으나 실제 활용은 미미한 실정이다. 따라서, 별불가사리로부터 피부 유용성분을 밝혀 새로운 활용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 성분연구를 통해 별불가사리로 부터 2종의 polyhydroxysteroid와 1종의 saponin을 분리하였으며, 이의 구조를 각각 $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\alpha},16{\beta},26$-heptol, $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},4{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\beta},16{\beta},2$6-octol 및 asterosaponin $P_1$으로 동정하였다. 이 물질들의 피부 효능을 확인한 결과 asterosaponin $P_1$이 표피 줄기세포의 증식을 촉진시키고, 각질형성세포에서 히알루론산을 합성하는 효소인 hyaluronan synthase-2와 hyaluronan synthase-3 유전자의 발현을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 또한, asterosaponin $P_1$은 섬유아세포에서 진피의 주요 콜라겐인 type 1 콜라겐의 생합성을 촉진하는 효능을 보였다. 이상의 결과들로부터, 별불가사리로부터 분리한 asterosaponin $P_1$은 노화에 동반되는 피부 증상을 개선하는 항노화 화장품 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.791-797
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• 2014

Abstract Scaffold used as a carrier of the cell has been actively conducted using plenty of technology in tissue engineering. ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) material has shown good biocompatibility and osteoconductive ability when it was implanted as a bone graft substitute in osseous defect in human and animal studies for bone regeneration. In this study, we fabricated the blended polycaprolactone (PCL) and ${\beta}$-TCP scaffold by the polymer deposition system (PDS). The PCL/${\beta}$-TCP scaffold was fabricated at a temperature of $110^{\circ}C$, pressure of 650 kPa, and scan velocity of 100 mm/sec. The Overall geometry and size of the scaffold were fixed circle type with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 4 mm. PCL/${\beta}$-TCP scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell attachment and proliferation of the scaffold containing 30 wt% ${\beta}$-TCP was superior to those containing 10 wt% and 20 wt% ${\beta}$-TCP.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2014

Amyloid beta ($A{\beta}$) peptide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and has been reported to induce apoptotic death in cell culture. Cysteine Proteases, a family of enzymes known as caspases, mediate cell death in many models of apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the caspase activity and cell death in $A{\beta}$-treated SHSY5Y cells, as an attempt to elucidate the relationship between the type of caspase and $A{\beta}$-induced cell death. $A{\beta}$ at 20 ${\mu}M$ induce activation of caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity, but not the caspase-1. Caspase-3, 8 and 9 were processed by Ab treatment, consistent with the activity assay. Inhibition of the caspase activities by the selective inhibitors, however, marginally affected the cell death induced by $A{\beta}$. Taken together, the results indicate that $A{\beta}$-induced cell death may be independent of caspase activity and rather, the enzymes might be activated as a result of the cell death.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.295-298
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• 2005

High temperature deformation behavior of $\alpha\;and\;\beta$ phase of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated within the framework of a self-consistent approach at various temperature ranges. To examine the flow behavior of u-phase, Ti-7.0Al-1.5V alloy was used, whose chemical composition is close to that of the $\alpha$ phase in Ti-6Al-4V at hot working temperatures. The flow stress of $\beta$ phase was predicted by using self-consistent approach. The flow stress of $\alpha$ phase was higher than that of $\beta$ phase above $750^{\circ}C$, while the $\beta$ phase revealed higher flow stress than a phase at $650^{\circ}C$. It was found that the relative strength and strain rate ratio between $\alpha\;and\;\beta$ phase significantly varied with temperature. From this approach, the mode for grain matrix deformation was proposed as a mixed type of both iso-stress and iso-strain rate modes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.909-916
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• 2018

In pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells, glucose stimulates the biosynthesis of insulin at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The RNA-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), also named hnRNP I, acts as a critical mediator of insulin biosynthesis through binding to the pyrimidine-rich region in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of insulin mRNA. However, the underlying mechanism that regulates its expression in ${\beta}$ cells is unclear. Here, we report that glucose induces the expression of PTBP1 via the insulin receptor (IR) signaling pathway in ${\beta}$ cells. PTBP1 is present in ${\beta}$ cells of both mouse and monkey, where its levels are increased by glucose and insulin, but not by insulin-like growth factor 1. PTBP1 levels in immortalized ${\beta}$ cells established from wild-type (${\beta}IRWT$) mice are higher than levels in ${\beta}$ cells established from IR-null (${\beta}IRKO$) mice, and ectopic re-expression of IR-WT in ${\beta}IRKO$ cells restored PTBP1 levels. However, PTBP1 levels were not altered in ${\beta}IRKO$ cells transfected with IR-3YA, in which the Tyr1158/1162/1163 residues are substituted with Ala. Consistently, treatment with glucose or insulin elevated PTBP1 levels in ${\beta}IRWT$ cells, but not in ${\beta}IRKO$ cells. In addition, silencing Akt significantly lowered PTBP1 levels. Thus, our results identify insulin as a pivotal mediator of glucose-induced PTBP1 expression in pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2008

Glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ (GSK $3{\beta}$) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates substrates such as ${\beta}$-catenin and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, metabolism, tumorigenesis, and cell death. Here, we present evidence that human GSK $3{\beta}$ is associated with Fe65, which has the characteristics of an adaptor protein, possessing a WW domain, and two phosphotyrosine interaction domains, PID1 and PID2. The GSK $3{\beta}$ catalytic domain also contains a putative WW domain binding motif ($^{371}PPLA^{374}$), and we observed, using a pull down approach and co-immunoprecipitation, that it interacts physically with Fe65 via this motif. In addition, we detected co-localization of GSK $3{\beta}$ and Fe65 by confocal microscopy, and this co-localization was disrupted by mutation of the putative WW domain binding motif of GSK $3{\beta}$. Finally, in transient transfection assays interaction of GSK $3{\beta}$ (wt) with Fe65 induced substantial cell apoptosis, whereas interaction with the GSK $3{\beta}$ AALA mutant ($^{371}AALA^{374}$) did not, and we noted that phosphorylation of the Tyr 216 residue of the GSK $3{\beta}$ AALA mutant was significantly reduced compared to that of GSK $3{\beta}$ wild type. Thus, our observations indicate that GSK $3{\beta}$ binds to Fe65 through its $^{371}PPLA^{374}$ motif and that this interaction regulates apoptosis and phosphorylation of Tyr 216 of GSK $3{\beta}$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.376-378
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• 1997

갈락토올리고당의 함량을 증가시키기 위하여 Thermus caldophilus와 Bacillus sp. 유래의 두 종류 ${\beta}-galactosidase$를 유당에 순차적으로 반응시킨 결과 고형분 중 갈락토올리고당의 함량이 60% 이상까지 증가하였다. 먼저 내열성 효소로 고온에서 반응이 진행되므로 유당의 농도를 높일 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

We have investigated the biological effects of recombinant IL-1$\beta$ (rIL-1$\beta$) on the expression of antiviral genes such as Myxovirus-3 (MX-3) and Interferon regulating factor-1 (IRF-1), which are related to type I interferon. When ten micrograms of rIL-1$\beta$ were treated, we observed the stimulatory effect on the expression of these antiviral genes. Interestingly, at the early stage of stimulation, these genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated by the results obtained that the expressions of these genes were decreased at day 1 post-injection and gradually increased at day 3 post-injection. Thus, the stimulatory effect of rIL-1$\beta$ on the expression of MX-3 and IRF-3 gene might be an indirect stimulatory effect because significant up-regulation was delayed until day 3 post-injection.