• 제목/요약/키워드: $[Cr(VI)]_T$

검색결과 9건 처리시간 0.02초

미스트중 6가 크롬 측정을 위한 IC/Visible Spectrophotometry 방법 (Shin & Paik′s Method)의 현장 평가 (Field Validation of an IC/Visible Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Cr(VI) in Mist)

  • 신용철;백남원;김상우;김선자;이유미
    • 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경보건학회 2002년도 춘계 국제 학술대회
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    • pp.40.1-43
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new sampling and analytical method for the determination of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) in mist from field plating operation. The Procedures of this new method (Shin & Paik's Method) are as the following: Airborne hexavalent chromium is collected on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7600, and the filter sample is placed in a screw-capped vial and soaked with 2% NaOH/3% Na₂CO₃ solution immediately after sampling. The Cr(VI) sample is analyzed by ion chromatography/visible spectrophotometry (IC/VS) according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6. The airborne Cr(VI) concentrations measured by this method were compared with those determined by three reference methods: One (NIOSH/EPA Method) consisted of sampling airborne Cr(VI) on PVC filters and storing the sample filters in screw-capped vials according to the NIOSH method, and analyzing Cr(VI) in samples using IC/VS according to the EPA method. The second method (Impinger Method/NaHCO₃) consisted of absorbing airborne Cr(VI) into 0.02 MN/sub a/Hco₃ solution in midget impinger, and analyzing the Cr(VI) in samples using IC/VS. The third method was the OSHA Method Id-215. Using these four different methods, four replicates of air samples were collected at an electroplating process and analyzed simultaneously. Two-way ANOVA and Paired t-test were used to test difference among values determined by the methods. There was no significant difference and a strong correlation (r/sup 2/=0.99) between Cr(VI) concentrations measured by the shin & Paik's Method and an impinger method (p>0.05). However, Cr(VI) concentrations determined by Shin & Paik's Method were Significantly different form those by the NIOSH/EPA Method (p<0.05) or the OSHA method (p<0.05). The Cr(VI) concentrations of Shin & Paik's Method were Significantly higher than those of the NIOSH/EPA Method or the OSHA method. We concluded that the Shin & Paik's Method could prevent Cr(VI) losses caused by reduction and give more reliable results of airborne Cr(VI) concentrations in work environments.

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오존처리가 활성탄소의 Cr(VI) 흡착특성에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Ozone Treatment on Cr(VI) Adsorption of Activated Carbon)

  • 박수진;김병주
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.644-649
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 다양한 조건에서 기체상태의 오존처리된 활성탄소를 이용하여 수용액 상태에서의 Cr(VI)의 흡착특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 오존처리된 활성탄소의 표면특성의 변화는 pH, 산도-염기도, FT-IR을 이용하였으며, $N_2$/77K 등온 흡착특성은 BET식, Boer의 t-plot, 그리고 Horvath-Kawazoe의 slit pore model을 이용하여 확인하였다. 또한, 총 Cr의 흡착량은 ICP-AES를 이용하여 확인하였다. 실험 결과, 오존처리는 활성탄소의 표면에 산소를 함유한 극성 관능기를 증가시켰으며, 이로 표면산도 또한 증가되었다. 한편, 오존처리의 영향으로 보이는 활성탄소의 비표면적과 미세기공 부피의 감소가 관찰되었지만, 활성탄소의 총 Cr 흡착량은 오존처리 시간이 증가할수록 비례적으로 증가하였다. 이는 활성탄소의 Cr 흡착특성이 비표면적보다 상대적으로 표면에 형성된 극성 관능기의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 판단된다.

Selection of Suitable Micellar Catalyst for 1,10-Phenanthroline Promoted Chromic Acid Oxidation of Formic Acid in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature

  • Ghosh, Aniruddha;Saha, Rumpa;Ghosh, Sumanta K.;Mukherjee, Kakali;Saha, Bidyut
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제57권6호
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    • pp.703-711
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    • 2013
  • In the present investigation, kinetic studies of oxidation of formic acid with and without catalyst and promoter in aqueous acid media were studied under the pseudo-first order conditions [formic acid]T ${\gg}[Cr(VI)]_T$ at room temperature. In the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) promoted path, the cationic Cr(VI) phen complex is the main active oxidant species undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the substrate to form a ternary complex which subsequently experiences a redox decomposition through several steps leading to the products $CO_2$ and $H_2$ along with the Cr(III) phen complex. The anionic surfactant (i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and neutral surfactant (i.e., Triton X-100, TX-100) act as catalyst and the reaction undergo simultaneously in both aqueous and micellar phase with an enhanced rate of oxidation in the micellar phase. Whereas the cationic surfactant (i.e., N-cetyl pyridinium chloride, CPC) acts as an inhibitor restricts the reaction to aqueous phase. The observed net enhancement of rate effects has been explained by considering the hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between the surfactants and reactants. The neutral surfactant TX-100 has been observed as the suitable micellar catalyst for the phen promoted chromic acid oxidation of formic acid.

폴리피롤 막으로 변성시킨 유리질 탄소 및 백금 전극에서 Cr(Ⅵ) 이온의 정량 (Determination of Cr(Ⅵ) by Glassy Carbon and Platinum Electrodes Modified With Polypyrrole Film)

  • 유광식;우상범;정지영
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.407-411
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구에서는 유리질 탄소전극과 백금 전극의 표면에 폴리피롤 막을 도포 시킨 PPy/GC 및 PPy/Pt 변성전극을 제조하고, 이들 변성 전극들을 작업전극으로 구성한 3-전극 장치를 이용하여 Cr(VI)의 정량분석을 시도하였다. 변성전극들은 +1.0V∼-1.0V를 50 mV/sec로 전위를 걸어주어 순환 전압 전류법으로 쉽게 제조할 수 있었으며, 26회 반복 주사함으로써 연구에 필요한 막의 두께를 조절하였다. PPy/GC 변성전극에서 Cr(VI)의 환원 반응은 +0.6V∼-0.5V(vs. Ag/AgCl)까지 넓은 범위에서 환원되는 경향을 보였으며,-0.25V(vs.Ag/AgCl)의 전위에서 최대 환원 봉우리를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 이 전위에서 검량곡선을 조사한 결과, 0.1 ppm에서 60.0 ppm의 농도범위에서 기울기가 1.75 mA/ppm이고, 상관계수가 0.998인 좋은 직선관계를 가졌다. PPy/Pt 변성전극에서도 Cr(VI)의 환원 거동은 PPy/GC 변성전극과 유사하였으며, 검량곡선은 1.0 ppm∼60.0ppm의 농도범위에서 직선관계를 가졌다. 이때의 기울기와 상관계수는 각각 0.5 mA/ppm 및 0.923이었다. 그러나 선택성은 PPy/GC 변성전극이 약 3 배정도 우수하였다. PPy/GC 변성전극에서 Cu(II), As(III), pb(II) 및 Cd(II)등은 환원 경향을 보이지 않았으므로, Cr(VI)의 정량분석에는 방해하지 않았다.

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Removal characteristics of chromium by activated carbon/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite and Phoenix dactylifera stone carbon

  • Foroutan, Rauf;Mohammadi, Reza;Ramavandi, Bahman;Bastanian, Maryam
    • Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    • 제35권11호
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    • pp.2207-2219
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    • 2018
  • Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from Phoenix dactylifera stones and then modified by $CoFe_2O_4$ magnetic nanocomposite for use as a Cr(VI) adsorbent. Both $AC/CoFe_2O_4$ composite and AC were fully characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, TEM, TGA, and VSM techniques. Based on the surface analyses, the addition of $CoFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles had a significant effect on the thermal stability and crystalline structure of AC. Factors affecting chromium removal efficiency like pH, dosage, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(VI) concentration were investigated. The best pH was found 2 and 3 for Cr adsorption by AC and $AC/CoFe_2O_4$ composite, respectively. The presence of ion sulfate had a greater effect on the chromium sorption efficiency than nitrate and chlorine ions. The results illustrated that both adsorbents can be used up to seven times to adsorb chromium. The adsorption process was examined by three isothermal models, and Freundlich was chosen as the best one. The experimental data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of hexavalent chromium using AC and $AC/CoFe_2O_4$ magnetic composite was obtained as 5.18 min and 1.52 min, respectively. Cr(VI) adsorption by AC and $AC/CoFe_2O_4$ magnetic composite was spontaneous and exothermic. In general, our study showed that the composition of $CoFe_2O_4$ magnetic nanoparticles with AC can increase the adsorption capacity of AC from 36 mg/L to 70 mg/L.

Adsorption isotherm and kinetics analysis of hexavalent chromium and mercury on mustard oil cake

  • Reddy, T. Vishnuvardhan;Chauhan, Sachin;Chakraborty, Saswati
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.95-107
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    • 2017
  • Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior of two toxic heavy metals hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and mercury [Hg(II)] on mustard oil cake (MOC) was studied. Isotherm of total chromium was of concave type (S1 type) suggesting cooperative adsorption. Total chromium adsorption followed BET isotherm model. Isotherm of Hg(II) was of L3 type with monolayer followed by multilayer formation due to blockage of pores of MOC at lower concentration of Hg(II). Combined BET-Langmuir and BET-Freundlich models were appropriate to predict Hg(II) adsorption data on MOC. Boyd's model confirmed that external mass transfer was rate limiting step for both total chromium and Hg(II) adsorptions with average diffusivity of $1.09{\times}10^{-16}$ and $0.97m^2/sec$, respectively. Desorption was more than 60% with Hg(II), but poor with chromium. The optimum pH for adsorptions of total chromium and Hg(II) were 2-3 and 5, respectively. At strong acidic pH, Cr(VI) was adsorbed by ion exchange mechanism and after adsorption reduced to Cr(III) and remained on MOC surface. Hg(II) removal was achieved by complexation of $HgCl_2$ with deprotonated amine ($-NH_2$) and carboxyl (COO-) groups of MOC.

구봉 금-은 광상일대 시추코아(04-1)에서 산출되는 녹니석과 백색운모의 산상 및 화학조성 (Occurrence and Chemical Composition of Chlorite and White Mica from Drilling Core (No. 04-1) at Gubong Au-Ag Deposit Area, Republic of Korea)

  • 유봉철
    • 광물과 암석
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.273-288
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    • 2023
  • 구봉 금-은 광상은 과거 한국에서 운산 광상, 대유동 광상, 광양 광상 등과 함께 가장 큰 금-은 광상으로써 선캠브리아기의 변성퇴적암류내에 발달된 열극대를 충진한 8개조의 석영맥(조산형과 intrusion-related형이 혼합된 광상)으로 구성된다. 대한광업진흥공사는 1989년 수행된 시추에서 깊이 -728 ML(시추 90-12공)에서 맥폭 0.9 m의 석영맥(6호맥, 27.9 g/t Au)을 착맥하였으며 2004년 6호맥의 재개발 가능성 검토를 위해 시추(04-1)를 수행하였다. 저자는 2004년 04-1 시추공에서 채취된 모암, 모암변질 및 석영맥 시료들을 이용하여 녹니석과 백색운모의 산상과 화학조성을 연구하였다. 연구된 시료들에서 관찰되는 모암변질작용은 녹니석화작용, 견운모화작용, 규화작용 및 황철석화작용 등이다. 깊이 -275 ML의 광화대에서 관찰되는 녹니석과 백색운모는 모암변질대와 석영맥에서 석영, 칼리장석, 방해석, 금홍석 및 황철석과 함께 산출되며 깊이 -779 ML의 광맥(6호맥)에서 관찰되는 녹니석과 백색운모는 모암변질대와 석영맥에서 석영, 방해석, 인회석, 저어콘, 금홍석, 티탄철석, 자류철석 및 황철석과 함께 산출된다. 깊이 -779 ML에서 산출되는 녹니석은 깊이 -275 ML에서 산출되는 녹니석보다 Al, Mg 원소들 함량이 높고 Si, Fe 원소들 함량이 낮으며 더불어 이들 깊이에서 산출되는 녹니석은 이론적인 녹니석보단 약간 Si 함량이 높다. 깊이 -275 ML에서 산출되는 녹니석의 화학조성 변화는 주로 팬자이틱 또는 Tschermark 치환[Al3+,VI+Al3+,IV <-> (Fe2+ 또는 Mg2+)VI+(Si4+)IV]에 의해 일어났지만 깊이 -779 ML에서 산출되는 녹니석의 화학조성 변화는 팔면체적 Fe2+ <-> Mg2+ (Mn2+) 치환 메카니즘에 의해 일어났음을 알 수 있다. 깊이 -279 ML과 깊이 -779 ML에서 산출되는 백색운모의 층간 양이온(K+Na+Ca+Ba+Sr)은 각각 0.76~0.82 apfu, 0.72~0.91 apfu로써 다소 낮은 함량을 갖지만 팔면체 자리의 양이온(Fe+Mg+Mn+Ti+Cr+V+Ni) 함량은 각각 2.09~2.13 apfu, 2.06~2.14 apfu로써 약간 높은 함량을 갖는다. 깊이 -279 ML에서 산출되는 백색운모의 화학조성 변화는 팬자이틱 또는 Tschermark 치환[(Al3+)VI+(Al3+)IV <-> (Fe2+ 또는 Mg2+)VI+(Si4+)IV]과 illitic 치환 및 직접적인 (Fe3+)VI <-> (Al3+)VI 치환 메카니즘에 의해 일어났지만 깊이 -779 ML에서 산출되는 백색운모의 화학조성 변화는 팬자이틱 또는 Tschermark 치환[(Al3+)VI+(Al3+)IV <-> (Fe2+ 또는 Mg2+)VI+(Si4+)IV] 및 직접적인 (Fe3+)VI <-> (Al3+)VI 치환 메카니즘에 의해 일어났음을 알 수 있다.

Rate Enhancement by Micelle Encapsulation for Oxidation of L-Glutamic Acid in Aqueous Media at Room Temperature

  • Mukherjee, Kakali;Saha, Bidyut
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제57권4호
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    • pp.425-431
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    • 2013
  • Oxidation of glutamic acid is performed in aqueous acid media at $30^{\circ}C$ under the kinetic condition [glutamic acid]$_T{\gg}[Cr(VI)]_T$. Effect of combination of micellar catalyst (SDS, TX-100) and promoter (PA, bpy, phen) has been studied. Among the promoters phen accelerates the reaction most in aqueous media. But the rate acceleration is small in the case. Combination of promoter and catalyst produces much better result. Maximum rate enhancement occurs in presence of the combination of bpy and SDS.

DRUM impactor를 이용한 대기 입자상 물질 중 원소성분의 입경분포 특성 : 제주도 고산지역의 2002년 봄철 (3.29-5.30) 측정 연구 (Size Distributions of Trace Elements in Airborn Particulates Collected using Drum impactor at Gosan, Jeju Island : Measurements in Springtime 2002)

  • 한진석;문광주;류성윤;안준영;공부주;홍유덕;김영준
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.555-569
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    • 2004
  • Size -segregated measurements of aerosol composition using 8-stage DRUM impactor are used to determine the transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosols at Gosan site from 29 March to 30 May in 2002. Separation of ambient aerosols by DRUM impactor offers many Advantages over other standard filtration techniques. Some of the most important advantages are the ability to segregate into details by particle tire, to better preserve chemical integrity since the air stream doesn't pars through the deposit, to collect samples as a function of time, and to have a wide variety of impaction surfaces available to match analytical needs. Although the transport of Yellow sand is a well-known phenomenon in springtime, the result of measurement shows that not only soil dust but also anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfur, enriched trace metals such as Pb, Ni, Zn. Cu, Cr, As, Se, Br, are transported to Gosan in springtime. This study combines the size- and time-resolved aerosol composition measurements with isentropic, backward air-mass trajectories in order to identify some potential source regions of anthropogenic aerosols. As a result, during the NYS period, the average concentration of PM$_{10}$ was 46$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, Si, Al. S, Fe, Cl, K, Ca were higher than 1,000 ng/㎥ and Ti was about 100 ng/㎥. The concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu. Pb, Br, Rb, V, Cr, Ni. At, Se ranged between 1 and 70 ng/㎥. More than 50% typical soil elements, tuck as Al, Si, Fe, Cd. Ti, Cr, Cu, Br. were distributed in a coarse particle range(5.0-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). In other hand, anthropogenic pollutants, luck as S, N, Vi, were mainly distributed in a fine particle range (0.09-0.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). During the YS period, PM$_{10}$ increased about 8 times than NYS period, and main soil elements, such as Al, Si, S, K, V, Mn, Fe also doubled in coarse particle range (1.15-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). But Zn, As, Pb, Cu and Se, which distributed in the time aerosols (0.09-0.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), were on the same level with or decreased than NYS period. Finally. except the YS Period, coarse particles (2.5-12${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) are inferred to be influenced by soil, coal combustion, waste incineration, ferrous and nonferrous sources through similar pathways with Yellow Sand. But fine particles have different sources, such as coal combustion, gasoline vehicle, biomass burning, oil or coal combustion, nonferrous and ferrous metal sources, which are transported from China, Korea peninsula and local sources.ces.