• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

Objectives : The Phrase, Ki goes to Essence and Essence goes to Change in Eumyangeungsangdaeron in Suwen have contradiction in direction of Ki. Because this phrase linked to relation of Taste, Shape, Ki, Essence and Change, each others are supposed to be treated systematically. Methods : We will review on annotations of past doctors and new opinions of resent scholars. Results : Ki has two meanings in this phrase ; Ki of food and Ki of ability in human nature. Conclusions : From the Taste through Shape to Ki of food are the way of Eum aspect and from the Ki of ability through Essence to Change are the way of Yang aspect.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2016

Objectives : Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu is a book that strongly influenced the following generations' theory of five Circuits and six Qi. It is understood that Wangbing authored the book during the Tang dynasty, but another theory suggests that a nameless author devised the book falsely in Wangbing's name. A comprehensive research is greatly significant in the development of the theory of five Circuits and six Qi. Methods : The study will focus on the analysis on the truth about Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu, its impact on the following generations' theory of five Circuits and six Qi, the contents and comparison of Suwen's xuanzhumiyu, and the 17 books and 27 chapters of xuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : First, xuanzhu was authored by Wangbing sometime around 762 AD, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu was written in 690 during the rule of Empress Wu Zetian, meaning that Wangbing is not the author of Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Second, Wangbing's style of writing is regular yet elegant, and keeps itself within the range of medical style of writing, but Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu is written in a very rough style, and finds itself within the range of Tao literatures and books on trickery. Third, Wangbing's xuanzhu is a commentary on Suwen, whereas Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu is consisting of the theory of five Circuits and six Qi, and trickeries predictive picture. As such, the two books have entirely different characters. Theories that received relatively significant impacts to the following generations' the theory of five Circuits and six Qi include Gandeokbu, Jeongwhadaewha, and the Calculation method of normal Qi. Suwen's chapter on the theory of five Circuits and six Qi and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu have many inconsistent and differing theories, leading the scholars to believe that they are dealing with different theory of five Circuits and six Qi which derived from separate schools of beliefs.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.167-180
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to extinguish the debates surrounding the sentences found in Suwen Kailun that deal with flocking to stomach and closure in lung. The paper seeks to do this through studying the assertions of historical doctors and their theories regarding the topic. Methods : The interpretations of annotators regarding these sentences were studied, and text DB was searched to collect and analyze materials related to the theories of the relationship between stomach and lung. Results : The sentences of flocking to stomach and closure in lung, judging from their contexts, seem to be related to the symptom of Sanjiao ke or Liufu ke. However, they may be pointing to internal organs' ke as a whole based on the close relationship between stomach and lung. They could mean either the abnormality of mechanism of stomach and lung could cuase ke or that Zhuoqi could accumulate inside of stomach to cause phlegm-fluids thereby blocking thorax and causing cough. Theory of Warm disease, too, provides a number of treatment suggestions for stomach, lung damages such as supporting Yin and dispersing dampness. Conclusions : The study of the sentences regarding flocking to tomach and closure in lung is expected to not only provide an analysis of the sentences, but also provide a perspective and a method for clinical treatments.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-31
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to research what affected diagrams of lung originated from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu during the time they were changed in. Methods : Diagrams of lung in Traditional Chinese and Japanese medical books had been collected as many as possible. Besides being grouped by Huang Longxiang (黃龍祥)'s classification, they were analysed by 4 form factors, e.g. shape, number, veins and petiole of leafs. Results : Reliability of this methods had been checked on by the correspondence with Huang's 14 standard books, before 29 diagrams of lung were selected from 33 books including 13 books that Huang had already made his proposal. The lobes in most of diagrams resembled 6 lanceolate or long oval leafs, or a maple leaf with 5 indentations. In most of diagrams, veins of leafs were described variously, more or less than 9 nodes often drew in petioles. Conclusions : Suwen (素問), Nan Jing (難經) and Wang Bing would had steadily worked on 29 diagrams of lung, since diagram of lung stemmed from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu, went out into the world in Zhen Jiu Ju Ying (鍼灸聚英). But they were not drawn through dissection during same periods.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to study how medical experts understood 'Specially Selecting Yangming' for clinical application. Methods : After collecting medical texts related to 'Specially Selecting Yangming', its meaning and clinical application were examined thoroughly. Results : 1. The meaning of 'Specially Selecting Yangming' was identified in different ways according to the meaning of 'Yangming.' It was perceived as Stomach, Yangming meridian, Stomach meridian of Foot Yangming, Spleen and Stomach, Intestine and Stomach by medical experts. 2. Chen Wu-ze and Liu Wan-su understood Wei disease as a form of consumption, and regarded 'Specially Selecting Yangming' as tonifying Yangming while Zhang Zi-he put emphasis on Communicating Stomach Qi(胃氣) through vomiting or purgation. Sun Yi-kui insisted on applying it as a precaution. 3. Li Dong-yuan emphasized the cause of Wei disease to be Damp-Heat in the Summer and suggested Qingshuyiqitang and Qingzaotang as remedy. 4. Zhu Zhen-heng's Purging the South and Reinforcing the North is a more fundamental way of treating Wei disease by stimulating the Water-Fire Axis. Conclusions : Through a diachronic study of 'Specially Selecting Yangming' and its remedy, most medical experts regarded 'Specially Selecting Yangming' as tonifying Yangming, but tonifying Liver and Kidney was thought to be a more fundamental treatment.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.130-287
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• 2011

"zhenjiusunanyaozhi(鍼灸素難要旨)" is composed of three volumes and published in 1529 by Gao Wu(高武). Gao Wu(高武) is skillful in astronomy, the art of war and the law as well as a medical practitioner in Ming Dynasty. The books he wrote "zhenjiujuying(鍼灸聚英)", "zhizhi(直指)", "douzhenzhengzong(痘疹正宗)", "shexuezhinan(射學指南)", "zhenjiujieyao(鍼灸節要)". "zhenjiusunanyaozhi鍼灸素難要旨" is written by classifying the origin of acupuncture and moxibustion. In other words, it is edited by classifying the contents related to acupuncture and moxibustion out of the ancient Chinese medical book "yellow emperor's canon of medicine and yellow emperor eighty-one difficult" in which are composed of 3 volumes as follows, Volume 1 says the main diseases on "the nine acupuncture needles figure" (九針圖), "the reinforcing and reducing the meridian" (補瀉), "the needle depth" (針刺深淺), "the five shu points - metal, wood, water, fire, earth" (正,滎,輸,經,合) based on 18 chapters in terms of acupuncture in "yellow emperor eighty-one Difficult "難經"", in which it quotes the annotation of "the difficulty by the original meaning "難經本義"" written by Hua Shou(滑壽) in Yuan Dynasty. Volume 2 is composed of 2 parts. Part 1 says the method of treatment on 36 Chapters, the method of acupuncture use in the Linshu "靈樞" and the Suwen "素問" such as "the rule of acupuncture use" (用針方宜), "the nine-pin method" (九針式) and "the nine-pin to only use the time appropriate to consider nature of Heaven, Earth and person" (九針應天地人時以起用) etc., Part 2 says "the five difficult acupuncture(五亂刺)", "the rise and fall of energy and blood(氣血盛衰)". "the pain tolerance(耐痛)" and ect., in which are in terms of method of treatment collected the original texts of 59 chapters on acupuncture to each disease and of 8 chapters on moxibustion in the Linshu "靈樞" and the Suwen "素問". Volume 3 includes 10 chapters in which consist of "the stabbing to disease in 12 meridians (十二經病刺)", "the eight extra meridian disease (寄經八脈病)", "the twelve meridians(十二經脈)", "the fifteen collaterals (十五絡脈), the twelve meridian muscles (十二經筋)", "the acupoint (孔穴)" and etc. This is the book edited comprehensively by classifying the contents on the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion and the circulations of meridians in "yellow emperor's canon of medicine and yellow emperor eighty-one difficult" and there is no case story in particular except his comments in person. This study is for the purpose of helping researching and developing acupuncture and moxibustion and applying their clinical training.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.133-174
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• 2013

Objective : Malaria(瘧疾) is a disease that's main symptom is paroxysm - a cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by rigor and then fever. Since the introduction of the cause and mechanism of malaria(瘧疾) in the "Suwen(素問)", including Cold malaria(寒瘧), Warm malaria(溫瘧), Heat malaria(癉瘧) and Wind malaria(風瘧), there has been over 20 different kinds of malaria, each of which are introduced in multiple medical texts. Method : Through comparison between "Suwen(素問)" and other medical texts, the categories, causes and mechanisms of malaria can be analysed and organized to overview the whole feature of it. Results & Conclusion : External pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are wind(風), cold(寒), summerheat (暑), dampness(濕), miasmic toxin(瘴), pestilence(疫), ghost(鬼). Internal pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are dietary irregularities(飮食不節), overexertion and fatigue(勞倦), phlegm(痰), seven emotion(七情). Malaria can be categorized into four groups according to the pathological mechanism that leads to paroxysm. They are latency of disease(伏氣), external contraction(外感), internal damage(內傷), and combination of disease(合病). Malaria-Paroxysm(瘧疾發作) occurs when the three following factors collide strongly : defense qi(衛氣), latent qi(伏邪) and external pathogen(新邪). When collision of the three factors takes place in the interior(裏), the body experiences chills. When it takes place in the exterior(表), the body experiences fever. The cyclical occurrence of Malaria-Paroxysm follows the circulation of defense qi.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.79-116
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• 2012

Objective : Zhao Xian-Ke(趙獻可) was a doctor in the Ming(明) Dynasty. His representing book is "Yiguan(醫貫)". It is considered as a requirement to study the Mingmen academy(命門學說). "Xuanyuanfulun(玄元膚論)", volume I of "Yiguan" intensively mentions his medical viewpoint. The study investigates Zhao's medical perspectives by studying "Xuanyuanfulun". Method : "Xuanyuanfulun" is translated. "Yiguan" published by Chinese Medicine(中國中醫藥) Publish was used as basis. "Yiguan" published by Xuexiao(學苑) Publish was used for reference. I checked and researched for several parts shown in "Suwen(素問)" and "Lingshu(靈樞)". I researched for 'Master(主)' of a human being. Result : 1. 'Master' of a human being is intangible Huo(火) in Mingmen. 2. It may be hard for me to assent to the opinion of Zhao Xian-Ke that the inferior twelve organs should be regarded as inferior eleven organs naturally. 3. Yinyang(陰陽) is to relatively cope with a situation and its wonders are within Wu(無). 4. The study emphasizes the importance of Yang, Huo and Qi(氣). 5. The study separates the date (year, month, date and time) into yin and yang and the causes of an illness are found based on the concept and its treatment shall be performed. 6. Among Wuxing(五行), Shui(水) and Huo are especially important. 7. There are intangible Shenshui(腎水) and intangible Xianghuo(相火) separately from the Shui and huo of Xinshen(心腎). Conclusion : The medical philosophy of Zhao Xian-Ke has been deeper. In addition, it will provide much help while understanding volumes 2 - 6 of "Yiguan" and apply to the clinical tests. I think it is not the problem, which is the right meaning of 'Master' in the "Xin is monarch of the organs" of "Suwen Linglanmidianlun(靈蘭秘典論)" or 'Master' that concerned by Zhao Xian-Ke, but it is just the different sight of the human being.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aims to grasp the principle of the Won Bang supplementation and draining method as mentioned in the 『Lingshu·Guanneng』 and the 『Suwen·Bazhengshenminlun』, which have contrasting properties. Methods : The texts in each chapter were analyzed to understand the supplementation and draining principle that matches the meanings of round[won,員] and angular[bang, 方]. Especially in the case of the chapter 「Bazhengshenminlun」, a hypothesis was drawn upon the relationship between the abstract explanation of the round[won,員] and angular[bang, 方] and the actual manipulation technique. This hypothesis was tested against other texts and annotations for further discussion. Results & Conclusions : The expressions 'bang[angular, 方]' and 'won[round,員]' refer to the same meanings in both chapters, as 'to be upright' and 'to be smooth,' respectively. The difference between the two chapters is that in the 『Lingshu·Guanneng』 the standard for Won Bang is the needler's movements, while in the 『Suwen·Bazhengshenminlun』, it is the patient's breathing. Moreover, while in the former the subjects of supplementation and draining are clearly divided into healthy qi and exterior pathogenic qi, in the latter the subject of manipulation is the deficiency and excessiveness caused by deviation of the healthy qi, thus making the subject of both supplementation and draining healthy qi. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the supplementation and draining of needling is divided into two methods; separating the healthy and pathogenic qi and manipulating the deficiency and excessiveness of healthy qi within the body.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2018

Objectives : In this paper, we investigated the applicability of text mining to Korean Medical Classics and suggest that researchers of Medical Classics utilize this methodology. Methods : We applied text mining to the Huangdi's internal classic, a seminal text of Korean Medicine, and visualized networks which represent connectivity of terms and documents based on vector similarity. Then we compared this outcome to the prior knowledge generated through conventional qualitative analysis and examined whether our methodology could accurately reflect the keyword of documents, clusters of terms, and relationships between documents. Results : In the term network, we confirmed that Qi played a key role in the term network and that the theory development based on relativity between Yin and Yang was reflected. In the document network, Suwen and Lingshu are quite distinct from each other due to their differences in description form and topic. Also, Suwen showed high similarity between adjacent chapters. Conclusions : This study revealed that text mining method could yield a significant discovery which corresponds to prior knowledge about Huangdi's internal classic. Text mining can be used in a variety of research fields covering medical classics, literatures, and medical records. In addition, visualization tools can also be utilized for educational purposes.