• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.610-615
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• 2018

A filter-based optical technique is one of the representative ways for the measurement and quantification of black carbon (BC). Since the filter-based technique adopts a simple principle, it is easy to put into practical use and instrumental products have already been commercialized. In this study, however, the absorption coefficients of BC after the correction process was estimated to be approximately 3 times lower than those before the correction process. In addition, the difference between before and after corrections was also evident for the trend of increasing and decreasing absorption coefficient. When BC concentration is low, uncertainty may increase regardless of corrections due to the artifacts of filter. In this sense, techniques without using a filter are required, and uncertainties will be minimized if these techniques are used to further complement the filter-based black carbon measurements. Finally, this study is believed to help understand the uncertainty and correction of filter-based black carbon measurements.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 polyethyleneimine (PEI)를 커플링제로 사용하여 간단한 공정을 통하여 아세틸렌 블랙/실리카 복합체 입자를 제조하였다. 복합체 입자는 PEI를 아세틸렌 블랙 표면에 흡착시키고 졸-겔 합성공정을 통하여 실리카를 아세틸렌 블랙 위에서 합성하는 두단계 공정을 통하여 제조되었다. 복합체 입자의 모폴로지 분석 결과 실리카가 아세틸렌 블랙위에 존재하는 core-shell 구조를 확인하였으며, 표면에 상당한 미세기공이 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• 영미문화
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.191-206
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• 2017

Langston Hughes (1902-67) and Richard Wright (1908-60) lived in almost the same era, but it is obvious that their ways of describing the people, who are manipulated by gender-based controlling images, are different. Both Wright and Hughes try to reveal how reality is disturbed by the black men's and white women's prevailing stereotypes; however, their works have very different tones. In Richard Wright's short story, "The Man Who Killed a Shadow," and Langston Hughes' poems in his early days, "Silhouette" and "The South," the stereotyped images of black masculinity and white womanhood are transformed and destroyed. While Hughes celebrates the black culture amicably, Wright depicts completely hopeless black men living in the world dominated by white supremacy. This difference is indicative of the shifting views from Harlem Renaissance to Post-Harlem Renaissance. While romantic tones can be still found in Hughes' poems, Wright subverts the power dynamics between the black man and the white woman, and completely ruins sentimentality which tends to be attached to the Southern stories in the $19^{th}$ century.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2009

Cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and plays an important role in reproduction and development in vertebrates. We investigated the expression patterns of ovarian P450arom (P450aromA) and brain P450arom (P450aromB) mRNA during sex change in black porgy. Maturity was divided into seven stages from male to female (immature testis, mature testis, testicular portion of mostly testis, ovarian portion of mostly testis, testicular portion of mostly ovary, ovarian portion of mostly ovary, and mature ovary). P450aromA expression was significantly higher in the ovarian portion of mostly-ovarian stage fish, and P450aromB expression was highest in the brain of black porgy with mostly-ovarian gonads. Histology showed that testicular tissues were disintegrated with the development of ovarian tissue associated with an increase in the expression of the two P450arom mRNAs during sex change. Interestingly, among various tissues, P450aromA was only expressed in the ovary, and P450aromB was only expressed in the brain. To understand the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and estradiol ($E_2$), we injected exogenous hormone (GnRH analogue [GnRHa] and $E_2$) into immature black porgy. In the GnRHa group, expression of the two P450arom genes decreased 12 h after injection, and expression of the two P450arom genes were significantly higher at 6 dafter $E_2$ injection. These results provide useful baseline knowledge on the mechanism of natural sex change in black porgy.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2004

2002년 경남 창원시 동읍 단감 저온 저장고에 저장중인 과실에서 검은점무의 증상이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 과실표면에 검은색 둥근 반점이 생기고 병반부위가 확대되면서 그 위에 암갈색의 곰팡이를 형성한다. 병반부위를 절단해 보면 감염된 표피에서부터 시작하여 과육내부까지 갈색으로 변색되고 스폰지 모양으로 부패되어 상품성이 전혀 없다. 병원균의 분생포자는 난형, 곤봉형, 서양배형이고 드물게 타원형도 있으며 횡격막이 3∼5개, 종격막이 1∼2개 있다. 색깔은 연한 갈색 또는 금색을 띄는 갈색이고 크기는 12∼46${\times}$6∼12$\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 분생포자경은 연한 담갈색이고, 크기는 42∼95${\times}$3∼5 $\mu\textrm{m}$이었다. 균사생육적온은 25∼3$0^{\circ}C$이었다. 단감 저장중 과실에 발생한 병징과 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 이 병을 Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler에 의한 단감 검은점무의병으로 명명하고자 제안한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2010

To understand the function of edges in perception of moving objects, we defined four questions to answer. Is the focus point in visual motion detection of a moving object: (1) the body or the edge of the object, (2) the leading edge or trailing edge of the object, (3) different in scotopic, mesopic and photopic luminance levels, or (4) different for colored objects? We measured the Optomotor Response (OMR) and Edge Triggering Response (ETR) of goldfish. We used a square and sine wave patterns with black and red stripes and a square wave pattern with black and grey stripes to generate OMR's and ETR's in the goldfish. When we used black and red stripes, the black leading edges stimulated an ETR under scotopic conditions, red leading edges stimulated an ETR under photopic conditions, and both black and red leading edges stimulated an ETR under mesopic luminance levels. For black and gray stripes, only black leading edges stimulated an ETR in all three light illumination levels. We observed less OMR and ETR results using the sine wave pattern compared to using the square wave pattern. From these results, we deduced that the goldfish tend to prefer tracking the leading edge of the pattern. The goldfish can also detect the color of the moving pattern under photopic luminance conditions. We decided that ETR is an intriguing factor in OMR, and is suitable as a method of behavioral measurement in visual system research.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2023

This study analyzed potential breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills on 70 non-breeding, uninhabited islands in Incheon, Korea, in order to suggest potential breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills, whose breeding population has recently been increasing. By comparing the environmental characteristics of breeding and non-breeding areas identified through a literature search, we developed a discriminant to identify potential breeding areas for black-faced spoonbills. Among a total of eight environmental variables(Island area, distance from land, distance to mudflat, distance to rice field, distance to sea route, depth of water, mudflat area, rice field area), the variables that influenced the selection of breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills were average water depth, tidal flat area, and paddy field area. As a result of discriminant analysis of breeding islands using these variables, the accuracy was found to be quite high at 80%. As a result of applying the developed discriminant to non-breeding islands located in the Incheon region, a total of 9 islands(Yongrando, Goseokdo, Beolyeom, Joreumseom, Goeriseom, Hambakdo, Moido, Bigajido, Ahyeom) were identified as potential breeding grounds for spoonbills. The research results can be used as basic data for future management of black-faced spoonbill breeding sites and selection of alternative habitats.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2000

Although lignans of sesame seed, sesamolin and sesamin have been known as possessing an antioxidant activity, it is less known about their contents of the sesame cultivated in Korea. Collections of sesame cultivated in Korea were used for studies on their lignans content of the seed and fatty acids composition of the oil. The sesamin content of sesame seed with white-coat were 370.29 mg/100g seed, while that of sesame seed with black-coat were 246.58mg/100g seed. Also, the sesamolin contents of sesame seed were 202.22 mg/100g seed in white-coat cultivars and 132.68 mg/100g seed in black-coat sesames. Hence, the lignan content of white-coat sesame cultivars was significantly hi임or than that of black-coat ones. Korean sesame cultivars also showed considerably higher sesamin content than sesamolin content in seeds. The correlation between sesamin and sesamolin contents was not recognized in Korean sesame cultivars. The stearic acid of white-coat sesame was significantly higher than that of black-coat one (p＜0.05).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2010

Black plaice, Pleuronectes obscurus (Herzenstein), were collected and fertilized to observe egg development, temperature-related cleavage rates, and mitotic intervals (${\tau}_0$). Fertilized egg was demersal, adhesive, and did not contain oil globules. After 1.75 h, the blastodisc formed, and hatching took place 121 h after fertilization at $14^{\circ}C$. The hatched larvae were $3.5{\pm}0.16\;mm$ in total length. At higher temperatures, eggs developed faster and underwent further identical developmental processes. Additionally, ${\tau}_0$ and water temperature were strongly negatively correlated at all temperatures (Y=-2.6981X+98.767, $R^2$=0.9831, where Y is ${\tau}_0$, and X is temperature) for black plaice.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.733-736
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• 2006

In the many kind of construct-material, the concrete which has the high-strength and a durability is sufficient to use with structure-material. But the color of concrete is very monotony so generally concrete isn't used the out surface. although color concrete is a method of expressing surface, the combination of pigment and cement cause many Physical problem such as efflorescence phenomenon, strength degradation and so on. In this study, It attempt to develop the black mortar using the industrial by-product and to evaluate basic physical properties compare with general color concrete to solve the color concrete problem. The result of experiment showed that Black NSC which was made by-product has more visible black color than any mortar.