The liquid phase LPG injection (LPLI) system (the third generation technology) has been considered as one of the next generation fuel supply systems for LPG vehicles, since it has a very strong potential to accomplish the higher power, higher efficiency, and lower emission characteristics than the mixer type(the second generation technology) fuel supply system However. when a liquid LPG fuel is injected into the inlet duct of an engine, a large quantity of heat is extracted due to evaporation of fuel. This leads to freezing of the moisture in the air around the outlet of a nozzle, which is called icing phenomenon. It may cause damage to the outlet nozzle of an injector or inlet valve seat. In this work, the experimental investigation of the icing phenomenon was carried out The results showed that the icing phenomenon and process were mainly affected by humidity of inlet air instead of air temperature in the inlet duel. Also, it was observed that the total ice formed around the nozzle weighs at about $150mg{\sim}260mg$ after injection for ten minutes. And some fuel species were found in the ice attached at the front side of a nozzle, while frozen ice attached at the back of a nozzle was mostly' consisted of moisture of inlet air. Therefore, some frozen ice deposit. detached from front nozzle of an injector, may cause a problem of unfavorable air fuel ratio control in the small LPLI engine.

The effects of fuel density and fuel viscosity on spray characteristics were investigated under two different gas turbine fuels and various fuel supply pressure conditions through measurement of SMD, number density and volume flux by using PDPA system in dual orifice injector for gas turbine engines. In this study, we found out that the droplet size and spray structure are strongly depend on fuel density for dual orifice injector. The spray characteristics of high density fuel in dual orifice injector are similar with the characteristics of low density fuel in single orifice injector. The shear region between primary main fuel stream and secondary main fuel stream is examined in low density fuel condition but not exist in high density fuel condition, then this shear region is very important in quality of gas turbine spray. There are worth consideration for the effect of fuel density on spray characteristics in frontal device design to improve combustion efficiency.

The Air-jet loom represents a major step in the development of shutterless weaving due to its ability to weave a wide range of yarns at high speeds. The Air-jet weaving involvers, inserting a pre-measured length of yam through the wrap, is sheds by meads of compressed air. The analysis of air flow characteristic of the main nozzle and acceleration tube is required for the loom performance. h this paper We examined the effect of the main nozzle with different acceleration tubes as well as diameters. And also, we compared the performance of straight type tube with laval type tube and of according to be suction hole on the acceleration tube, respectively.

An experimental study was performed to investigate the influence factors of drop formation in electrohydrodynamic atomization. The mode of electrohydrodynamic atomization depended on the various factors such as the flow rate of the liquid, the inner diameter of the nozzle, the distance between the nozzle tip and the ground electrode, the shape of the ground electrode. and the applied high voltage. This work was performed to investigate the experimental analysis for the flow pattern visualization of droplets, and the relationship between voltage application and the behavior of liquid atomization. Uniform drops of different sizes can be obtained at the inception of the spindle mode by charging the flow rate and the electric field. The drop size also decreased when the flow rate was raised for the spindle mode. The whipping motion occurred beyond 7kV and before the corona started to take effect.

Polymeric fibers with nanometer-scale diameters are produced by electrospinning method. When the electrical forces at the surface of a polymer solution or melt overcome the surface tension, then electrospinning occurs and nanofibers are made. Polyethylene oxide(PEO) have been electrospun in our laboratory Electrospun PEO fibers are observed by scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy In thl:; study. the average diameter of the electrospun fibers decreases with decreasing PEO concentration and increasing electric field strength. The optimal conditions for producing uniform PEO 100nm fibers are the 10wt% PEO concentration at a voltage 25 to 30kV and a distance of 10cm from tip to collector.

This study was carried on the combustion characteristics of a pure light oil and emulsified fuels at high-pressure injection in a spray combustion installation, The volume fractions of water in an emulsion were varied up to 30% and the injection pressures were 7.5, 100, 200, and $300kg_f/cm^2$. The concentrations of NOx and the average temperatures of flame were measured. And Images of OH radical using ICCD camera and instantaneous schlieren photography of flames were photographed. It was found that the temperature distribution of axial distance in the emulsified fuels was increased in the upstream and decreased in the down stream. The temperature distribution of radial distance was high at the peripheral regions of the spray in the upstream and at the central regions of spray in the downstream, The intensity of OH radical was denser at the water content 10% than at the pure light oil over the injection pressure $200kg_f/cm^2$.