An experimental study was carried out to obtain the fundamental data about the effects of radical ignition on premixture combustion. A CVC(constant volume combustor) divided into the sub-chamber and the main chamber was used. Numerous narrow passage holes are arranged between the main chamber and the sub-chamber. The products including radicals generated by spark ignition in tile sub-chamber derives the simultaneous multi-point ignition in the main chamber. We have examined the effects of the sub-chamber volume, the diameter and number of passage holes, and the equivalence $ratio({\Phi})$ on the combustion characteristics by means of burning pressure measurement and flame visualization. In a CVC, the overall burning time including the ignition delay became very short and the maximum burning pressure was slightly increased by the radical ignition(RI) method in comparison with those by the conventional spark ignition(SI) method. Combustible lean limit by RI method is extended by ${\Phi}=0.25$ compared with that by SI method. Also, In cases of charging the number and the diameter for the fixed total cross section of the passage holes, combustion period increased significantly at a sub-chamber with a single hole, but those of the other conditions had almost a similar tendency in the sub-chamber with 4 or more holes. regardless of equivalence ratio. Therefore, it was Proved that a critical cross section exists with the number of passage holes.

The proposed research has been performed to know the characteristics of cutting fluid aerosol formation using Dual-PDA system in machining process. The cutting fluid aerosol size and concentration is common attributes that quantify the environmental intrusiveness or air quality contamination. The atomized cutting fluid aerosols can be affected to human health risk such as lung cancer and skin irritations. Even though cutting fluid can be improved the machining quality and productivity in a carefully. its use must be controlled and optimized carefully. This experimental works using Dual-PDA were performed to analyze the cutting fluid aerosol behaviors and characteristics in turning process using precise aerosol particle measuring system. The obtained experimental results profovide basic knowledge to develop the environmentally conscious machining process. This results cail be provided as a basis to estimate and control the hazardous cutting fluid aerosol in machining process.

This study was performed to explore the liquid breakup and atomization characteristics for the classification of drop formation mode and background of uniform droplets generation in electrohydrodynmaic atomization according to the change of experimental parameters such as nozzle material (stainless steel. teflon). fluid flow rate, applied electrical field and intensity, and frequency. In results, from the classification map of drop formation modes according to the variation of applied AC voltage and frequency at a stainless nozzle, the droplet size was smaller than the outer diameter of the nozzle tip relatively in the spindle mode. The transition points became clearly to be moved toward the high applied voltage by rising the applied AC frequency beyond 450Hz. Also the droplet radius can be observed quite small in the frequency bandwidth of $350{\sim}450Hz$. The droplet radiuses decrease as the applied voltage increases for a fixed applied AC frequency within the range from 50Hz to 400Hz Over 400Hz, the relation between the power intensity and the droplet size was not consistent with a continuous mechanism of liquid breakup. Thus, it is showed that the droplet size distribution using the teflon nozzle was analogous to the results of stainless steel, but the droplet size was bigger than that of stainless steel relatively in case of a teflon nozzle.

This paper presents the analytical approaches to predict cutting fluid aerosol formation characteristics in machining process. The prediction model which is based on the rotary atomization theory analyzes aerosol behaviors in terms of size and concentration. Experiments were tarried out to verify the aerosol formation prediction model under various operational conditions. The experimental results which are obtained by Dual-PDA measurement show resonable agreement with prediction results of aerosol concentration. This study can be provided as a basis to estimate and control the hazardous cutting fluid aerosol in machining process in view of environmental consciousness.

Exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines are one of the major sources of air pollution. And. it is extremely difficult to increase gasoline engine efficiency and to reduce NOx and PM(particulate matter) simultaneously in diesel combustion. This paper offers some basic concepts to overcome the above problems. To solve the problems, a recommended technique is CAI(controlled auto-ignition) combustion. In this paper. internal EGR(exhaust gas recirculation) effect is suggested to realize CAI combustion. An experimental study was carried out to achieve CAI combustion using homogeneous premixed gas mixture in the constant volume combustion chamber(CVCC). A flame trap was used to simulate internal EGR effect and to increase flame propagation speed in the CVCC. Flame propagation photos and pressure signals were acquired to verify internal EGR effect. Flame trap creates high speed burned gas jet. It achieves higher flame propagation speed due to the effect of geometry and burned gas jet.