The mobile terminal system plays a key role in medical industries which require in fast and accurate diagnosis from heterogeneous acquisition equipment. The demand for PACS (picture archiving and communication systems) has continued to increase in major hospitals and private clinics. Patient care depends on how fast the medical imaging system provides images and how accurately the images are interpreted by physicians. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to decipher the hundreds of images required by physicians to accurately diagnose patients. By exploring Motion- JPEG (M-JPEG), this paper has demonstrates the possibilities for efficient management of medical images with a newly designed image file format and improvement in imaging diagnoses through the replaying of moving pictures of a patient in a mobile environment.

Flash memory has become the most important storage media in mobile devices along with its attractive features such as low power consumption, small size, light weight, and shock resistance. However, a flash memory can not be written before erased because of its erase-before-write characteristic, which lead to some garbage collection when there is not enough space to use. In this paper, we propose a novel garbage collection scheme, called block-level buffer garbage collection. When it is need to do merge operation during garbage collection, the proposed scheme does not merge the data block and corresponding log block but also search the block-level buffer to find the corresponding block which will be written to flash memory in the next future, and then decide whether merge it in advance or not. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique improves the flash performance up to 4.6% by reducing the unnecessary block erase numbers and page copy numbers.

Traditional character recognition systems usually aim at characters with simple variation. With the development of multimedia technology, printed characters may appear more diversely. Existing recognition technologies can't deal with Hangul recognition effectively in diverse environments. This paper presents a recognition system for multi-form Korean characters called RSMFK, which is based on the model of Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM). Our system can effectively recognize the printed Korean characters of different fonts, scales, rotation, noise and background. HTM is a model which simulates the neocortex of human brain to recognize and memorize intelligently. Experimental results show that RSMFK performs a good recognition rate of 97.8% on average, which is proved to be obviously improved over the conventional methods.

Human action tracking plays an important place in human-computer-interaction, human action tracking is a challenging task because of the exponentially increased computational complexity in terms of the degrees of freedom of the object and the severe image ambiguities incurred by frequent self-occlusions. In this paper, we will propose a novel method to track human action, in our technique, a dynamic background estimation algorithm will be applied firstly. Based on the estimated background, we then extract the human object from the video sequence, and the skeletonization method and Hough transform method will be used to detect the main structure of human body and each part rotation angle. The calculated rotation angles will be used to control a crane in the port, thus we can just control the container crane by using signalman body. And the experimental results can show that our proposed method can get a preferable result than the conventional methods such as: MIT, JPF or MFMC.

In this paper, we present an animation sketching system using a two layered approach. Animation sketching is a popular technique to create informal animations but it is often suffered by the low-quality output due to a trade-off between convenience and complexity. Our aim is to support sketching practical animation scenes easily and fast while not complicating the simple sketching interface. The key idea is to combine two conceptual stop motion layers, a whiteboard and cutout animation layer, in a seamless interface. As a background, the whiteboard animation layer handles stroke-oriented objects, while the cutout animation layer takes charge of transform-oriented objects. We found that this approach enables users to express more complicated animation fast while still maintaining a concise sketching interface. We demonstrate the usability and flexibility through resulting animations from user experiments.

PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) camera based surveillance systems are enlarging their field of application due to their wide observable area. We aimed to detect both static and moving objects in automated working space by using a PTZ camera. For object detection we used background difference method because of the high quality segmentation. However, the method has a problem called 'hole' that is caused by non-continuous surveillance of the PTZ camera and its own characteristics. Moreover, the occlusion which occurs when the moving object overlaps with the static object should be solved for robust object detection. In this paper, we suggest a region-based technique for updating background images thereby overcoming the hole and occlusion problem. Through experiments with real scenes, it was verified that meaningful static and/or moving objects were detected very well.

In this research, for the first time, we tried to analyse Raman hyperspectral dentin data using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to see its possibility of adoption for the dental analysis software. We captured hyperspectral dentin data on 569 spots on a molar with dental lesion by HR800 Micro Raman Spectrometer at UMKC-CRISP (University of Missouri at Kansas City-Center for Research on Interfacial Structure and Properties). Each spot has 1,005 hyperspectral data. We applied ICA to the captured hyperspectral data of dentin for evaluating ICA approach, and compared it with the well known multivariate analysis method, PCA. As a result of the experiment, ICA approach shows better local characteristic of dentin than the result of PCA. We confirmed that ICA also could be a good method along with PCA in the dental analysis software.

In this paper, we implemented online real time strategy game using hand as the mouse in augmented reality. Also, we introduced the algorithm for detecting hand direction, finding fingertip of the index finger and counting the number of fingers for interaction between users and the virtual objects. The proposed method increases the reality of the game by combining the real world and the virtual objects. Retinex algorithm is used to remove the effect of illumination change. The implementation of the virtual reality in the online environment enables to extend the applicability of the proposed method to the areas such as online education, remote medical treatment, and mobile interactive games.

With the advent of the ubiquitous technology age, the progress of network technology has enabled a robust sensor communication, not just in cities, but also in poor surroundings such as deserts, polar regions, or underwater environments. In this paper, we propose a Multiple Acknowledgement (MA) technique to replace the conventional Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) technique. The MA mechanism is to send an Ack to many receivers simultaneously. The CH (master, coordinator) of the unit cluster broadcasts a Beacon frame where Ack information of the previously transmitted data is included. This technique can reduce the number of transmissions and overhead significantly. The proposed technique is a scheme improving the efficiency of an underwater sensor network where the uplink data transmission is the mainstream. The Performance of the ARQ, Block Ack, Pervasive Block Ack and the proposed method were compared with one another and analyzed. The proposed method showed significant performance improvement as compared with the ARQ, BA, and PBA in its channel efficiency.

Many sensor network applications have been developed for smart home, disaster management, and a wide range of other applications. These applications, however, generally assume a fixed base station as well as fixed sensor nodes. Previous research on sensor networks mainly focused on efficient transmission of data from sensors to fixed sink nodes. Recently there has been active research on mobile sink nodes, sink mobility is one of the most comprehensive trends for information gathering in sensor networks, but the research of an environment where both fixed sink nodes and mobile sinks are present at the same time is rather scarce. This paper proposes a scheme for context-aware by ubiquitous devices with the sink functionality added through fixed sinks under a previously-built, cluster-based multi-hop sensor network environment. To this end, clustering of mobile devices were done based on the fixed sinks of a previously-built sensor network, and by using appropriate fixed sinks, context gathering was made possible. By mathematical comparison with TTDD routing protocol, which was proposed for mobile sinks, it was confirmed that performance increases by average 50% in energy with the number of mobile sinks, and with the number of movements by mobile devices.

This paper describes an automation of architectural design processes and the direction between this automation and robotic system in building construction using the concept of the object-oriented design in architecture. The research starts from the premise that many computer-aided design systems are mostly aimed at serving as drawing tools which are used only after a design formal solution has already been established by the architect. If the computer is well applied to the architectural design process, many positive things such as standardization of design detail, increasing productivity and collaboration, minimizing construction costs etc. can be done. To support an early design solution in the computer-based environment, the proposed automation was developed and tested in a real building project, using the object-oriented design concept such as product model. This design automation gives various design alternatives from the early design phase to the final stage of design details, according to musical harmony. This paper shows how architectural design process can be automated and how the data of the applied architectural design can be integrated into product model environment, in relation to robotic system in building construction.

Elementary school students have a little awareness of privacy protection since they do not have many opportunities for systematic education on information and communication ethics. Hence, they are likely to expose their own information to others and sometimes bring on a lot of misuses by using others' information. In this paper, we provide an idea for teaching and learning methods which the elementary school students acquire privacy protection and management methods and raise their practical capabilities. We develop a role play teaching and learning model in connection with various Information and Communication Technology (ICT) activities and establish the instruction plans. Moreover, we apply them to the actual classes at grade five and six of the elementary school students respectively, and finally analyze the results. The proposed teaching and learning method shows that the students participated in a series of learning activities have higher learning effects on awareness of privacy protection than those learned with the conventional methods.

In order to correctly understand the Internet fashion shopping mall, which is expected to continuously grow up, and to strengthen marketing activities in cyber space, a more scientific and systematic research is necessary. Most of the early researches of the Internet fashion shopping mall were focused on technical parts so they studied the environmental and physical characteristics of the Internet fashion shopping mall, but recently, the Internet fashion shopping mall is activated and accordingly, the interest in Internet shopping users is going up. Under this circumstance, the research to understand the characteristics of Internet shopping consumers becomes necessary. Therefore, the research was conducted by a survey, focusing on college students who use Internet a lot. The survey covered the experience and the type of using the Internet fashion shopping mall, the extent of satisfaction, strengths, and weaknesses of the Internet fashion shopping mall, the use of a cyber fitting system, and the possibility of the development of the Internet fashion shopping mall having a cyber fitting system. As a result of the study, it was found that: most of the students used the Internet fashion shopping mall; they used a fashion-specialized mall most; they pointed out economy of time as the biggest strength of using the Internet fashion shopping mall; they thought the biggest weakness of the Internet fashion shopping mall is that they can not try on clothes so they can not check whether clothes go well with them or not; and regarding the intention to use a cyber fitting system if available and the possibility of the development of the Internet fashion shopping mall, they replied that they would use it and the malls with the system would be developed. Based on the results, this study proposes a cyber fitting system as an improvement of the Internet fashion shopping mall.

To enhance the automatic performance of existing predicting and planning algorithms that require a predefined probability of the states' transition, this paper proposes a multiple sequence generation system. When interacting with unknown environments, a virtual agent needs to decide which action or action order can result in a good state and determine the transition probability based on the current state and the action taken. We describe a sequential behavior generation method motivated from the change in the agent's state in order to help the virtual agent learn how to adapt to unknown environments. In a sequence learning process, the sensed states are grouped by a set of proposed motivation filters in order to reduce the learning computation of the large state space. In order to accomplish a goal with a high payoff, the learning agent makes a decision based on the observation of states' transitions. The proposed multiple sequence behaviors generation system increases the complexity and heightens the automatic planning of the virtual agent for interacting with the dynamic unknown environment. This model was tested in a virtual library to elucidate the process of the system.