This thesis is in focus on keeping int'l businessman in mind application of CISG to perform smoothly in the their oversea's trade in accordance with taking effect on ratification of it from first, March, 2005. First of all, they have to keep in mind that it is possible to fall within the sphere of application of CISG of their contracts made between parties whose places of business are in different countries or although they have their places of business in different contracting states, if rules of private int'l law imply or express to the application of law of contracting state. Therefore in order to avoid confusion about whether apply or not, it is necessary to customize application of CISG as a proper law of their contracts. If so, they can avoid problem of requirements as to forms and any other requirement as to forms. Secondly they must attend the use of the legislative history of CISG and the use of the int'l case law and various scholarly thesises that studied on CISG such as information of Institute of Int'l Commercial Law under School of Law, PACE University. If so, problems which can give a rise in connection with interpretation of a basic and important terminology of CISG will be successfully conquest. In addition to above mentioned attentiveness, they must keeping in mind that various problems in connection with application of provisions of CISG can give their oversea's business a obstacle. buy the way of precaution against this case, they have to collect and analyze various materials about CISG.

International distributorship contract(IDC), as well as international agency contract is a type of contract which is most frequently used in international trade. But one of the main difficulties faced by parties of IDC is the lack of uniform rules for this type of contract. This means that both parties should be careful about each clause of the contract when they draw up it. The ICC prepared model form which incorporates the prevailing practice in international trade, and which aims at protecting and balancing the legitimate interests of both parties. This author examined the several important clauses in this model contract. The purpose of this examination is to help the contracting parties for better understanding and applying them in their actual contracting practice, which based on this model contract. When the supplier and the distributor execute their contract or use ICC Model Contract, they should be careful about the following points: First, some terminologies(like, "territory", "product", "competing products" and "exclusivity") should be clearly defined in their contract. Second, regarding the supplier's functions including "supplying products" and the distributor's responsibility including "undertaking not to compete", and "attaining guaranteed minimum targets", both parties should make clear about each party's right and obligation as well as one party's remedies available when other party makes breach of its obligation. Third, both parties should examine the relationship between the "exclusivity" or "sole" and competition law which is regarded as a mandatory rule in the territory. Forth, when both parties lay down "termination clause" in the contract, they should make clear about the indemnity in case of termination. Fifth, as there is not uniform law for the distributorship contract, it is inevitable to choose any local law as an applicable law in case of litigation. So both parties should keep in mind to insert arbitration clause to avoid the application of the local law. Besides, both parties should consider their individual and specific circumstances and try to reflect them in their contract by Annex I to XI attached to the end of model contract.

The buyer must pay the price under the contract and must take delivery of the goods of contract. The buyer's obligation to pay the price includes taking such steps and such formalities under the contract. The remedial system of the rights of the seller is easier than that of the buyer, for the obligations of the former are less complicated. The seller has the right to avoid a contract provided two conditions are fulfilled : (a) the buyer must have committed a fundamental breach of contract, or (b) the additional period for performance set by the seller in the case of non-performance must have expired. A decision is more difficult to take in the case of a delay where there is no fixed-term contract, to clarify the situation the seller may set a Nachfrist. It is essential that the contracting parties in Korea should understand the provisions of CISG.

This study explores how strategic alliance activities are evolving and the factors that impact on the formation and development of airline alliances. Findings show the initiation of regional and more liberalized bilateral, or open skies, agreements have removed some of the impediments to structural changes in international aviation. Airlines in more liberal markets enter into greater numbers and more integrative forms of alliances. Also, airlines, on average, achieve better results of operation if the market is more liberal. Essentially, there is a positive relationship between the developments of alliances and the liberalization of air transport markets. It has been questioned that the US bilateral open skies agreements provide its carriers more access to the global market and countries that do not enter into such agreements with the US risk a loss of traffic. Consequently, open skies agreements may enable carriers who have the freedom to exercise market power to be dominant in the markets. This suggests that regulatory coordination and liberalization of international aviation reinforce each other and should therefore be pursued simultaneously.

The biggest exchange of international environment of shipping logistics in 21 century should appear ultra-mega container ships on the shipping market. The competitive trend of large size container ship was based on economics of scale among the international shipping business. In the environment, shipping firms consider the integration of freight forwarder and shipper in the international logistics process. The aims of this research analyse a relation between the environment uncertainty and logistics information system(LIS) and the integration and resolve the integration and its impact on logistics performance. The research methodology of this research analyse structural equation modeling on the relation of variables. The results of research are as follows. First, Environmental uncertainty significantly influences the internal integration and the external integration. Second, LIS has an influence on the logistics integration by providing the foundation for LIS utilization in international logistics process. Third, the internal integration significantly influences a logistics performance, which implies that firms should promote interaction and collaboration through internal process integration to achieve logistics performance as the logistical cost and service. But the external integration is not significantly a logistics performance.

The MIA 1906, s.78(4) provides that it is the duty of the assured and his agents, in all cases, to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting or minimising a loss. In many cases the statutory duty will be unimportant, since rights, duties and liabilities declared by the Act or implied into marine insurance contracts by law may be modified by agreement, and many contracts contains a sue and labour clause which effectively reproduces and/or to modifies the statutory duty. The effect of such contractual provisions will, of course, be a matter of construction, though modern sue and labour clauses tend to reflect the principles contains in section 78. However, it must not be assumed that the terms of all contractual sue and labour clauses are, or will remain, identical, either with each other or with the statutory duty. The purpose of this study is to clarify the ambit of sue and labour.

Many international transactions involve the use of security devices, commonly referred to as "guarantees", "bonds", or "standby credits", designed to protect one of the parties from a breach by its counter-party. These security mechanisms may be provided by banks, insurance companies, specialized surety companies, or other financial service firms. Although some legal systems distinguish between "guarantees", "bonds", and "indemnities", these terms are often used as synonyms in the everyday language of international traders. It may therefore be necessary to examine the particular characteristics and nature of the guarantee obligation in order to properly classify the guarantee. Two main categories of guarantee are demand and suretyship. Under a demand guarantee, the guarantor must pay on first demand by the beneficiary. The beneficiary only has to demand payment under the guarantee - there is no need to prove that the principal has actually defaulted on a contractual obligation. Under a suretyship or conditional guarantee, the obligation of the guarantor is triggered by the actual default or contractual breach of the principal, as evidenced in a document such as a court judgement or arbitral award against the principal. Guarantees have been widely used in the international business transactions. Main uses of guarantees are as follows : Performance Bonds/Guarantees, Bid(or Tender) Bonds/Guarantees, Advance Payment or Repayment Bonds/Guarantees, Retention Bonds/Guarantees, Maintenance(or Warranty) Bonds/Guarantees etc.

Nowadays we does not hesitate to definite answer that the arbitration is the most developed dispute settlement out of court in the international commercial transaction. Online arbitration is desirable for the reasons of speed and cost effectiveness to settle the dispute about the international commercial transaction. Online arbitration is fast because it uses the communication technologies that allow information to be sent fast and efficiently. But in online arbitration too much speed and efficiency may lead to a violation of due process rights and consequently the online arbitration awards run a risk to be set aside or refused its enforcement under the international commercial arbitration mechanism. Speed and efficiency may conflict with the procedural guarantee characterizing each adversary dispute resolution process. As arbitration is exclusive of recourse to courts, a state must guarantee that arbitral proceeding should be satisfied with the claim rights requirement. The main question regarding the sources of regulation is particularly for the due process whether or not this is provided by the availability of grounds to set arbitral award aside. In other words, does it respect due process in the arbitration proceeding including information communication and technology under the online arbitration. In this paper it is discussed about how the main issue in arbitration should be implemented in online arbitration proceedings to cope with the due process requirements in national and international.

This study aims at presenting the suggestion for the Korea to make the FTA's rules of origin with Japan and other countries by analyzing JSEPA's rules of origin. It was founded by the investigation of JSEPA's rules of origin, most of the provisions are similar with other FTA's for instance NAFTA, but a little provisions different from other FTA's. It is an appearance from the contracting party's peculiar circumstances such as state of industrial development or future prospect, conditions around international trade. Then, the Korean government have to form and support a commission of FTA from various circles. In that case the commission will mediate conflict and disharmony. Moreover the commission may consider in all FTA's aspects including rules of origin. Consequently Korea will and should have criterions about the rules of origin allowing for peculiar circumstances of Korean economy and international trade.

본 연구는 2005년 아시아 게임시장에서 가장 큰 3대 시장 중의 하나로 성장 할 것으로 예상되는 일본 온라인게임시장을 대상으로 일본 게이머들을 하드코어게이머(Hardcore Gamer)와 캐주얼게이머(Casual Gamer)로 분류하고 두 게이머 집단간 인구통계학적 차이(성별, 연령대), 게임 이용 장소, 시간, 비용의 차이 그리고 게임관련 요인에 관한 차이(특성요인, 디자인요인, 인식요인)를 통계적 방법을 이용하여 실증적으로 분석한 연구이다. 각 연구 내용별 실증적 분석을 위해 사용된 통계적 기법은 인구통계학적 차이, 게임 이용 장소, 시간, 비용의 차이는 $M{\times}n$ 분할표의 ${\chi}2$ 검정을 이용하였고, 게임관련 요인에 관한 차이는 독립표본 t-검정을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 일본 온라인게임시장에 진출하려는 국내 게임업체들에게 일본 게이머들의 성향에 부합하는 커스터마이징된 게임을 개발할 수 있도록 많은 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이라 본다.