This paper develops scenarios to evaluate the safety performance of Unmanned Ground Vehicle on military circumstances. The scenarios were created using Pegasus Project 6-layer format. These scenarios consist of straight road, curved road, merging road and crossroad. We adapt these scenarios to unpaved road. The characteristics of unpaved roads were divided into roughness, friction coefficient and road frequency. This adaption is validated via computer simulation. We observe the scan lines of vehicle become tangled of the straight road that make the cognitive abilities of the vehicle low and the lane-keeping is unable when vehicles entering curved off-roads over 40 km/h. The developed scenarios will contribute to enhancing stability from the perspective of introducing autonomous driving technology to Korean military.

This paper presents a proactive longitudinal motion planning algorithm for improving the safety of an automated bus. Since the field of view (FOV) of the autonomous vehicle was limited depending on onboard sensors' performance and surrounding environments, it was necessary to implement vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication for overcoming the limitation. After a virtual V2V-equipped target was constructed considering information obtained from V2V communication, the reference motion of the ego vehicle was determined by considering the state of both the V2V-equipped target and the sensor-detected target. Model predictive control (MPC) was implemented to calculate the optimal motion considering the reference motion and the chance constraint, which was deduced from manual driving data. The improvement in driving safety was confirmed through vehicle tests along actual urban roads.

In recent years, the technology for autonomous driving has been advancing rapidly, ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) functions, which improve driver convenience and safety performance, are mostly equipped in recently released vehicles and range from level 0 to level 2 in autonomous driving technology. Among the various functions of ADAS, AEBS (Autonomous Emergency Braking System), which analyzes traffic accidents, is the most closely related to the vehicle's braking. This study developed a simulation technique for reproducing accidents related to AEBS based on real vehicle experimental data, and it was applied to the analysis of actual ADAS vehicle accidents to identify the causes of accidents.

With the transition from internal combustion engine vehicles to eco-friendly cars, it has become essential to systematically construct an education system for electric vehicles based on high-voltage electric devices. In this study, we discussed the establishment of an educational system for electric vehicles based on high-voltage electric devices and proposed methods for qualifications after completing the education. To ensure systematic education, we presented a classification of learners according to their levels and job competencies. Additionally, we emphasized the importance of providing adequate practical training equipment for courses that require higher qualifications. Finally, to distinguish between the levels of completion of training and practical skills, we highlighted the necessity of implementing a system to certificates to individuals who have successfully completed the systematic training program.

Research on the safety of autonomous vehicle is being conducted in various countries, including the European Union, and computer simulation techniques so called 'Virtual Tool Chain' are mainly used. As part of the crash safety study of autonomous vehicle, 25 car to car collision scenarios were provided as a result of a real accident-based accident reproduction analysis study conducted by a domestic research institution, and a vehicle crash analysis was performed using the FE car to car model of the Honda Accord. In order to analyze the results of the car to car simulation and to construct a database, major crash parameters were selected as impact speed, angle, location, and overlap, and a method of defining them in an indexed form was presented. In order to compare the crash severity of each scenario, a value obtained by integrating the resultant acceleration measured by the ACU of the vehicle was applied. The equivalent collision test mode was derived by comparing the crash severity of the regulation test mode, 30 deg rigid barrier mode, in the same way.

With the advance of autonomous vehicle technology various sitting posture is possible like relax position (inclined seating posture). Parametric study was done with MADYMO, a mutibody dynamics solver, to investigate the effect of sitting posture in different frontal crash modes, full frontal, 40% offset, and angled rigid barrier crash as well as various impact speeds. Hybrid III 50th male and 5th female dummies were used to figure out the difference induced by occupant weight and dimension. Restraint system parameters complying to current safety protocols like NCAP are studied if they still work effectively in relax position which is feasible with autonomous vehicles.

The adoption of hydrogen-powered Elec is expanding globally. Hydrogen is recognized as a potentially hazardous energy source, and safety assessment is crucial for the development of plans to supply hydrogen-powered electric buses. Hydrogen gas leakage can have a significant impact during bus operations, and continuous hydrogen leakage in hydrogen-powered vehicles can result in fatal accidents. In this study, information about hydrogen leakage is collected through sensors installed within the vehicles and is measured when the sensor detects a leak. The study also proposes the use of Pseudo Fuel Leakage (PFL, %) as an additional indicator for evaluating and monitoring hydrogen safety and leakage.

In the paper, we propose a design method and process of a hybrid V2X communication module that combines WAVE communication, LTE-V2X communication, and legacy LTE communication in evaluating vehicle V2X electromagnetic compatibility. C-ITS is suitable for safety service applications due to its low latency, and legacy LTE is suitable for applications such as traffic information and infotainment due to its high latency and high capacity. In order to evaluate the V2X communication system, the evaluation equipment must have communication performance of the same level or higher. The main design contents presented in this paper will be applied to the implementation of a hybrid V2X communication module for electromagnetic compatibility evaluation.

This study presents the direction of data triggers and elements to be recorded in automated vehicles in the future in relation to the event data recorder (EDR) and data storage system for automated driving (DSSAD). It does not distinguish between the EDR and DSSAD, but suggests data triggers and elements in preparation for overall automated vehicle accidents and dangerous situations. To propose, the current status of discussions on EDR/DSSAD internationally and the case of investigating accidents with automated vehicles under temporary driving licenses in Korea were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the direction of data triggers and elements of the EDR/DSSAD of automated vehicles were presented.

In recent years, the population of children has been declining in Korea. Moreover, the phenomenon of elementary school closures is on the rise, particularly in non-urban and some new city areas, highlighting the need for school buses for children. Despite the mandatory safety features in place, accidents involving school buses for children are on the rise, underscoring the need for improvement in the safety of these vehicles. While various studies have been conducted to enhance the safety of children during their school commute, there has been a notable gap in research analyzing the school commuting environment concerning the vehicle safety of these buses. Hence, this study aims to develop a set of service evaluation criteria for school bus routes, considering vehicle safety through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). By conducting a survey to gather information on the current status of school buses for children and through questionnaires targeting stakeholders in the school bus sector, the study analyzed requirements and operating conditions. These results were used to select evaluation criteria and structure the hierarchy based on the external and internal aspects of school bus services. Through AHP surveys conducted based on the designed criteria, experts identified safety as the most crucial aspect, with a specific emphasis on Vehicle Safety. Using these developed service evaluation criteria, the study plans to identify service-vulnerable routes through a real route analysis and recommend improvements, with the ultimate goal of creating a safe and convenient school commuting environment for children.

The seating postures of passengers in the automated driving vehicle are possible in atypical forms such as rear-facing and lying down. It is necessary to improve devices such as airbags and seat belts to protect occupants from injury in accidents of the automated driving vehicle, and collision safety evaluation tests must be newly developed. The purpose of this study is to define representative types of head-on collision accidents to develop collision standards for autonomous vehicles that take into account changes in driving behavior and occupants' postures. 150 frontal collision cases remained by filtering (accident videos, images, AIS 2+, passenger car, etc…) and random sampling from approximately 320,000 accidents claimed by a major insurance company over the past 5 years. The most frequent accident type is a head-on collision between a vehicle going straight and a vehicle turning left from the opposite side, accounting for 54.7% of all accidents, and most of these accidents occur in permissive left turns. The next most common frontal collision is the center-lane violation by drowsy driving and careless driving, accounting for 21.3% of the total. For the two types above, data such as vehicle speed, contact point/area, and PDOF at the moment of impact are obtained through accident reconstruction using PC-Crash. As a result, two types of autonomous vehicle crash safety test scenarios are proposed: (1) a frontal oblique collision test based on the accident types between a straight vehicle and a left-turning vehicle, and (2) a small overlap collision test based on the head-on accidents of center-lane violation.

As the popularization of autonomous vehicles is anticipated, it is expected that the variety of passenger postures will diversify. However, the current vehicle safety system is expected to be inadequate for accommodating these diverse passenger postures, particularly in reclined positions where severe injuries have been reported in frontal collisions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the biomechanical responses and tolerances of occupants in reclined postures. In this study, the behavior and injuries of a Hybrid-III dummy model in a reclined position are analyzed through frontal collision sled simulations equipped with the semi-rigid seat provided by the previous study, three-point safety belt with pretensioner and load limiter, and airbag models. The results are evaluated by comparing thouse reponses with post-mortem human surrogate (PMHS) data, and the findings are expected to be applicable to the basic design of a new restraint system suitable for various postures in autonomous vehicles.