In the past sidetracking was the means to bypass a damaged zone or to correct the direction of a wellbore. Nowadays, this method is very common and useful in relocating the bottom of a wellbore in a more productive zone and consequently enhancing the production of a reservoir by saving a significant amount of time and money. In this paper, the stability of the bend area is assessed considering varied conditions of stress regime and sidetrack orientation. In general, the stress regime and the orientation of the principal stresses have negligible effect on the stability of the sidetrack compared to sidetrack inclination. On the other hand, the sidetrack deviation angle from the vertical main well plays the major role in the stability of the bend area.

The covenant of Mayors initiative includes the commitment of the municipalities-signatories to reduce voluntarily the greenhouse gas emissions over 20--- by 2020 within their boundaries and obligates them to develop and submit an energy consumption analysis and a sustainable energy action plan within a year from the adhesion. The present paper discusses the energy profile of three medium-sized north-eastern Greek Municipalities (Kavala-MoK, Alexandroupolis-MoA, Drama-MoD) through the analysis of their municipal energy balance. The results of the total final energy consumption per capita include 14.10MWh/capita, 14.24MWh/capita and 12.91MWh/capita for MoK, MoA and MoD respectively. The analysis highlighted the increased energy consumption of the private sectors, namely residential and tertiary building sand private transport. The assessment of the municipalities' energy profiles along with examination of national regulations and action plans and investigation of best available practices within the Covenant of Mayors shaped the development of the sustainable energy action plans of the examined municipalities that is presented in this paper. The proposed pathway towards low-carbon municipalities can be considered a representative case study and a starting point for other municipalities with similar characteristics.

This paper compares the performance of JP-8(Jet Propellant) fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas in the F110 GE100 jet engine. The cost of natural gas usage in gas turbine engines is lower than JP-8 and LPG. LPG cost is more than JP-8. LPG volume is bigger than JP-8 in the same flight conditions. Fuel tank should be cryogenic for using natural gas in the aircraft. Cost and weight of the cryogenic tanks are bigger. Cryogenic tanks decrease the move capability of the aircraft. The use of jet propellant (JP) is the best in available application for F110 GE 100 jet engine.

This article is addressed to define a new composite electrode constituted by porous nickel and an array of highly ordered $TiO_2$ nanotubes obtained by a previous galvanostatic anodization treatment in an ethylene glycol solution. The electrochemical performances of the composite anode were evaluated in a photo-electrolyser, which showed good solar conversion efficiency with respect to the UV irradiance together with a reduction of energy consumption. Such a combination of materials makes our system simple and able to work both in dark and under solar light exposure, thus opening new perspectives for industrial-scale applications.

In India, continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water from Solar power and desalination plant plays a major role in the industries. Particularly in Copper industry, Solar power adopts Solar field collector combined with thermal storage system and steam Boiler, Turbine & Generator (BTG) for electricity production and desalination plant adopts Reverse osmosis (RO) for sweet/potable water production which cannot be used for long hours of power generation and consistency of energy supply for industrial processes and power generation cannot be ensured. This paper presents an overview of enhanced technology for Solar power and Desalination plant for Copper industry making it continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming industries.