International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
국제문화기술진흥원 (The International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology)
- 계간
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- 2288-7202(pISSN)
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- 2288-7318(eISSN)
Aim & Scope
The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology(IJACT) is an international interdisciplinary journal published by the International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology(IPACT). The journal aims to present the advanced smart convergence of all academic and industrial fields through the publication of original research papers. These papers present the original and novel findings as well as important results along with various articles that have the greastest possible impact on various disciplines from the wide areas of Advanced Culture Technology (ACT). The journal covers all areas of academic and industrial fields in two focal sections: 1. Culture Convergence Humanities Convergence Creative Art Social Politics Culture Tourism Health and Welfare Administrative Affairs Education and Learning Multiculture Convergence Industrial & Product Design 2. Technology Convergence Culture Tech. Convergence Creative Future Science Traditional Industry Bio Environment Construction Environment Industrial Engineering Information and Communication Internet Convergence Smart Industry Management of Technology
KSCI KCI제6권3호
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The purpose of this study is to develop and analyze the meaning and contents of the "H-STEAM teaching & learning model" which combines Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts & Mathematics (STEAM) with the elements of Humanities. We developed this model based on the key competencies linked with career path for middle school students in Korea, with the recognition of two issues. First, the existing Korean STEAM education lacks the elements of humanities, thus failing to achieve an authentic convergence education. Second, it is necessary to develop a program that might correspond to the Free Semester Program that was first introduced in 2013, and implemented at full scale in 2016 for middle school students in Korea. The advantages of H-STEAM are as follows: First, H-STEAM enables students to flexibly think while traversing the physical world and the symbolic world in the process of dealing with the daily problems. Second, it combines advanced technology with human sensibility and imagination, and enables students to derive creative outcomes that stimulate their minds. Third, it makes students feel and realize a point of contact between the subject that students learn, and jobs of the real world.
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This study was a cross-sectional survey of the effects of pregnancy necessity recognition on emotional happiness and mediation effect of health control behavior on it. A total of 200 participants in the study were collected from structured questionnaire online and the data collection was from July
$1^{st}$ to July$31^{st}$ , 2018. Health control behavior questionnaire was developed by Wallston, K.A., Wallston, B.S. & Devellis, R (1978), Emotional happiness was analyzed by using PANAS (positive and negative affect schedule) developed by Watson, Clark and Tellegen (1988). The collected data were chai-square($X^2$ ), Pearson correlation, Dummy regression analysis, simple regression analysis, and the mediated effect analysis by SPSS 18.0. As a result, Under statistical significance, there were differences in the recognition of pregnancy necessity were depending on religion, participant's age, number of siblings, thought of optimal marriage age(p<0.05). More siblings, more religious, older age, and more recognized the pregnancy necessity. The analysis of Pearson correlation with the pregnancy necessity, health control behavior, and emotional happiness reveled that it was relevant (p<0.01). Dummy regression analysis showed that people who thought that pregnancy was necessary were 0.700 times more likely to felt emotional happiness that people who thought it was unnecessary (p<0.01). Analysis on the mediation of health control behavior, in which the effects of pregnancy recognition on emotional happiness, showed that it was effect (other people's health control behavior: B:.299, p<0.01, internal health control behavior : B:.217, p<0.05). Based on these results, this study suggested that to promote pregnancy recognition, families with brother and sister should be programmed with recommendations for exercise and alcohol abstinence, religious belief and health control programs. -
The goal of this study was to find out whether early maladaptive schemas (EMS) can be differentiated between the gifted adolescents and delinquent adolescents. Two groups of adolescents were recruited as participants to be surveyed. 144 gifted adolescents were taken from a gifted science and math education center, and 115 delinquent adolescents who had committed crime were taken from 4 police stations in the area of Gyungnam province in Korea. The Korean version of the Schema Inventory for Children was used to measure the level of the early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Stepwise discriminant function analysis yielded a function containing 5 maladaptive schemas (failure, unrelenting standards, vulnerability to harm and illness, loneness/mistrust/abuse, and subjugation), classifying 75.29 accurately into either gifted adolescents or delinquent adolescents. These results suggested that the types of adolescents (gifted adolescents, and delinquent adolescents) can be predicted based on early maladaptive schemas. The findings are discussed from the perspective of Schema Therapy and school counseling.
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This is qualitative research using grounded theory to examine the experiences that mothers of children with epilepsy can have. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and memo-taking with a total of 13 participants in this study-10 mothers taking care of children with epilepsy and 3 principal informants-and the data were analyzed using the method developed by Strauss and Corbin (1998). As a result of data analysis, 163 concepts, 26 subcategories and 8 categories were formed through open coding. Such categories were analyzed by the paradigm of the grounded theory, and as a result the experiences of the mothers of epileptic children were based on a causal condition of 'confrontation' and the central phenomenon of 'Wandering around the forest under a yoke'. The contextual conditions, which exerted influence on phenomena, were 'stigma cognition', 'personality traits' and 'health of children.' The action/interaction strategy selected by participants was 'Quietly pulling through: Bracing myself, Getting to know my enemy and myself, Taking care while hiding, Putting out one step at a time, Establishing a foothold. The intervening condition affecting action/interaction was 'the support system', and its result was 'watching.'
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This paper measures and maps multi-dimensional residential segregation of immigrants in Seoul metropolitan area at city/county/district level as well as town level, thereby adding to our understanding of the urban structure and its spatial distribution impacted by immigration. The perspective offered here focuses on the segregation spurred by transnational migrants and their urban settlement. By drawing population data for 79 city/county/district administrative units from the Korea Immigration Service, residential segregation of immigrants in Seoul metropolitan area is measured based on Massey & Denton's four segregation indices: evenness, exposure, concentration and clustering. The empirical findings suggest that Seoul metropolitan area is highly segregated and the areas showing hyper-segregation appear in Seoul city and Gyeonggi province. As immigrants are foreseen to continue to increase in the future, this research contributes both empirically and theoretically to preliminary research on spatial segregation of immigrants by showing how ethnic places are segregated spatially through ethnic networks that support the geographic concentration of minority groups.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the effects and find the correlation of LOTCA-G and SS-QOL on the cognitive function and quality of life of elderly stroke patients. The time period of the experiment was from March 1, 2018 to March 30, 2018, and the study sample was composed of 102 stroke out-patients who participated in the rehabilitation center in G-city and received treatment of LOTCA-G and SS-QOL. The raw scores of the cognitive function of the elderly stroke patients varied depending on their gender, age, education, and marital status, but the differences were not statistically significant. Second, the raw scores of the quality of life of the elderly stroke patients varied depending on their gender, age, education, and marital status, but only marital status showed significance (p <0.01). The elderly stroke patients' cognitive function and the quality of life showed a statistically significant correlation (p <0.01). LOTCA-G and SS-QOL generally showed significant correlation even among sub-categories, but energy, one of the sub-categories of quality of life, did not show significant correlation with any of the other sub-categories of cognitive function. By combining the study results, it was possible to see that there were high levels of correlation between cognitive function and quality of life in elderly stroke patients shown through LOTCA-G and SS-QOL. Based on this study, if the raw scores of cognitive function and quality of life could be validated and various basic data could be provided for increasing quality of life, it can be considered that the stroke patients' quality of life will be improved.
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Preschool teachers' relationships at workplace is an important component that affects the work performance of caring and educating young children. This study investigated the connection between preschool teachers' personality traits and their relationships at workplace. The participants were two hundred and eighty two teachers in 55 preschools and asked to answer the survey questionnaires. Two research questions were investigated; (1) are there correlations between preschool teachers' personality traits and their relationships at workplace? (2) do preschool teachers' personality traits affect their relationships at workplace? The results showed that preschool teachers' personality traits were correlated with their relationships at workplace; neuroticism showed a negative correlation while the other four (extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) showed positive correlations with relationships at workplace. In addition, preschool teachers' personality traits had effects on their relationships at workplace in overall. Especially, neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were revealed as significantly influencing personality traits on preschool teachers' relationships at workplace.
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This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study of the effects of emotional happiness on aging preparation for 45-60 year olds. Participants of this study were 312 volunteers and data was collected online, the collection period was from May 15, 2018 to May 31, 2018. The tools used in the research were the emotional happiness developed by Watson et al (1988) et al., the aging preparation developed by JH Lee (2009). Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression by SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 84.0% of participants felt physically healthy and 89.8% felt mental health. The spouses of participants were physically 83.4% healthy and mentally 82.7% healthy. The correlation between emotional happiness, health cognition and aging preparation showed that physical health had a correlation with mental health (r = .482, p <0.01) and emotional happiness (r = .369, p <0.01), economic aging preparation (r = .411, p <0.01), social aging preparation (r = .119, p <0.01). Mental health was correlated with emotional happiness (r = .491, p <0.01), economic aging preparation (r = .411, p <0.01) and social aging preparation. Difference between emotional happiness and retirement preparation according to presence or absence of disease, emotional happiness (t = -4.503, p <0.01) and economic aging preparation (t = -4.960, p <0.01) were statistically significant. Emotional happiness affects the preparation of old age, emotional happiness affects to physical aging preparation under statistical significance (F=25.191, p<0.01), economic aging preparation (F=1131.783, p<0.01), and social aging preparation (F=147.672, p<0.01) which were sub components of aging preparation. Emotional happiness showed a 7.5% effect on the preparation of physical aging, 78.4% on economic aging preparation and 32.3% on social aging preparation. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that physical health and mental health are related to emotional happiness, economic aging preparation, and social aging preparation. And also these results can be inferred that the illness causes emotional less feeling of happiness and economic difficulty. Based on the results of this study, emotional well - being influences the retirement preparation significantly at statistical significance. Therefore, if the concept of emotional happiness is introduced to the old-age preparation program, it will be more client centered program.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of health control behaviors on the emotional happiness of the elderly. Among the survey instruments used in this study, emotional hapiness was the tool developed by Watson et al., 1978, and health control behavior was used by tools developed by Wallston et al., in 1988. Health control behaviors consist of three sub-factors: other health control behavior, accidental health control behavior, and internal health control behavior. The data collection period was collected from June 20 to July 5, 2018. A total of 152 participants were enrolled from 65 to 85 years old and were collected from six provinces of Korea (Seoul, Gangwon Province, Gyeongsang Province, Jeolla Province, Chungcheong Province, Gyeonggi Province) as much as possible. As a result of the analysis of demographic characteristics, the number of elderly people couple living was 47.4%, living alone was 21.1%, the number of people living with a couple and their children was 13.8%, the others were 10.5%. Based on the above results, 21.1% were living alone as an elderly person. And people who the highest monthly income of less than 1 million won was 36.8%, the usual meal type, 94.7% were very much eaten with vegetarianism smoking and drinking alcohol, and 94.7% did not smoke and 73.7% drank alcohol. In conclusion, Multiple regression analysis of health control behaviors on emotional happiness showed that health control behaviors had a 15% effect on emotional happiness. The following suggestions were made through the results of this study. First, the monthly income of the elderly is very low to maintain health, Second, the health of elderly people was maintained through friends and meetings. Based on these results, it should be used as a basic data for the program for the emotional happiness of the elderly.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of pilates exercises on the body composition and satisfaction level of female college students, and, to do so, pilates classes were provided for female college students for 8 weeks. Their level of satisfaction was surveyed and their body composition before and after participating in the classes was also measured. Out of a total of 40 subjects, those who did not diligently participate in the pilates classes were excluded, and the data of 22 subjects who continued to participate in the classes were analyzed only. The components of body composition measured before and after the 8-week pilates exercise program showed that body fat percentage and abdominal fat percentage were reduced, while lean body mass increased. The level of satisfaction of the group of those who performed pilates exercises for 8 weeks showed positive effects. It will be necessary to develop various systematic and science-based pilates exercise programs that are customized for different age groups in order to reduce the level of the components of body composition associated with obesity.
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Kang, Kyung soo;Son, Chan soo;Jung, Jong min;Park, Sang youn;Kim, Hyo Eun 88
As the trade among the countries increases, domestic agriculture is facing a crisis. Especially domestic rice industry is suffering from the rice market opening problem and the domestic rice industry itself. As a counter measure against this, despite the promotion of the rice processing food industry, the export of rice processed food has decreased by an average annual rate of 12.3% since 2011 due to the lack of customized export strategy, such as low price competitiveness, insufficient quality and brand management. As a measure, we selected indicators to prioritize establishment of export strategy of rice processed food business and used AHP methodology to draw the weight for each indicators. The selection of export strategy prioritization indicator was based on the marketing mix theory, various previous research reviews and expert consulting. Five higher level indicators and nineteen detailed indicators were derived, and a weighted value of them was analyzed using a professional package. As a result, the relative importance of higher level indicators was 45.5% for product differentiation, 18.4% for management competence, 13.0% for export infrastructure, 12.0% for product pricing, and 11.1% for product distribution. The relative importance of the lower level indicators was 17.3% for product safety, 15.3% for product quality, 9.1% for management expertise, and 7.0% for product brand. This result is expected to be used as export strategy indicators of rice processed food export business. -
This study is about dissemination of moxa education using voucher service. Moxa is one of the traditional medicines of Oriental medicine. Moxa is the only medicine in which is characterized by self-management of preventive medicine. Moxa whixh is prescribed in advance when it is healthy can prevent Alzheimer's dementia and cancers. Moxa activates neurotransmitter dopamine system and cerebral vasoconstrictor substance serotonin system, which actively helps to prevent and cure Alzheimer's dementia. Also moxa produces HSP (heat shock protein), which can prevent and treat cancers. Moxa, which costs little, is a strongly effective medicine. Therefore, this study emphasizes the necessity of moxa education and suggests a self-care training program for the reduction of medical expenses. As a methodology for this, moxa education can be done by using voucher service. At the same time, it proposes the establishment of a moxa instructor.
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As an international company in the automotive industry for years, Sichuan Hyundai has encountered serious difficulties since its entering into China. With huge investment and great ambition to conquer the China commercial vehicle market, successive setbacks have put the company in jeopardy. Design thinking, emphasizing "user-driven innovation" can help to look for effective and possible solutions from a very strong and effective perspective. This thesis first provides a comprehensive look of the economic background of China in order to get a overall understanding of the market. Then the paper did an analysis of Sichuan Hyundai from the perspective of design thinking. By identifying the reliability bias of Sichuan Hyundai, key problems such as the product, advertisement and cultural communication were discussed. With a emphasis on the intuitive thinking, the paper provides some feasible solutions and also implications for the future development.
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This study attempts to derive the possibility of literary therapy through addition and subtraction of emotional codons. It is presumed that the remnants of the emotions formed by the addition and subtraction of emotions will remain in the human body and cause chemical reactions. When this research is activated, cluster of emotional codons will be created by a combination of literary emotions. This is expected to accelerate therapeutic action of sentences by encoding certain emotional codons in AI.
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As the scope of social expectations and roles in the design field has expanded, the demand for education to cope with changes in the technology environment is increasing in design education. In response to this trend, microcontroller board-type design-prototyping tools have also been introduced into design education, and much educational content is being developed. However, there is the perception that students who are majoring in design without engineering knowledge are still barred from entry. A variety of educational content and tools have been developed to solve these difficulties, although there are several limitations to their practical application. Especially, in the design education courses in universities, the functional expectation level for prototyping is high, but most of the content developed for solving the difficulties has been developed for the lower education levels, and it could be said that a great deal of learning is necessary to solve the problem. In this study, students were asked about microcontroller board utilization and their satisfaction with their design through questionnaires and with the developed microcontroller board development direction via Focus Group Interviews. Based on this, we tested microcontroller boards that eliminate the coding process and which students can use to create and prototype their work as a suggestion to fulfil demand. After using the board, both the usability and improvement of the product were checked. Confirmation of the usefulness of the free- coding-type microcontroller was obtained through this study along with the possibility of responding to various educational demands by applying the application design related to this product.
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This paper describes the algorithm that lowers the dimension, maintains the object recognition and significantly reduces the eigenspace configuration time by combining the edge orientation histogram and principle component analysis. By using the detected object region as a recognition input image, in this paper the object recognition method combined with principle component analysis and the multi-layer network which is one of the intelligent classification was suggested and its performance was evaluated. As a pre-processing algorithm of input object image, this method computes the eigenspace through principle component analysis and expresses the training images with it as a fundamental vector. Each image takes the set of weights for the fundamental vector as a feature vector and it reduces the dimension of image at the same time, and then the object recognition is performed by inputting the multi-layer neural network.
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In deriving the economic order quantity (EOQ) formula, it is tacitly assumed that the buyer has to pay product price while receiving the product from the supplier. However, as a marketing policy, some suppliers permit a delay in payments to the buyers to increase demand for the product they made. Credit transactions would have a positive effect on both suppliers and buyers. For a supplier who offers trade credit, it is an effective means of price differentiation to increase the demand for the product. Availability of opportunity to delay the payment in buyer effectively reduces the cost of holding stocks and therefore, the buyer has a lot of price options to choose his sales price for a customer. Since the buyer's order is affected by the customer's demand, the problems of determining the sales price and EOQ are interdependent and must be solved simultaneously. From this perspective, this paper evaluates the problem of determining the optimal sales price and EOQ for the buyer at the same time when the supplier allows a delay in payments for the product whose demand is represented as a function that decreases linearly with the sales price. For the analysis, it is also assumed that inventory is exhausted not only by customer's but also by decay.
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The power train of hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(HMCVT) for the middle class forklift makes use of an hydro-static unit, hydraulic multi-wet disc brake & clutches and complex helical & planetary gears. The complex helical & planetary gears are a very important part of the transmission because of strength problems. The helical & planetary gears belong to the very important part of the HMCVT's power train where strength problems are the main concerns including the gear bending stress, the gear compressive stress and scoring failures. The present study, calculates specifications of the complex helical & planetary gear train and analyzes the gear bending and compressive stresses of the gears. It is necessary to analyze gear bending and compressive stresses confidently for an optimal design of the complex helical & planetary gears in respect of cost and reliability. This paper not only analyzes actual gear bending and compressive stresses of complex helical & planetary gears using Lewes & Hertz equation, but also verifies the calculated specifications of the complex helical & planetary gears by evaluating the results with the data of allowable bending and compressive stress from the Stress - No. of cycles curves of gears. In addition, this paper explains actual gear scoring and evaluates the possibility of scoring failure of complex helical & planetary gear train of hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission for the forklift.
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Masks are generated by adding different fonts of learning data characters in pixel unit, and pixel values belonging to each of the masks are divided into 3 groups. Using the directional expansion operators, we expand the text area of the test data character into 4 diagonal directions in order to create the boundary areas to distinguish it from the background area. A mask with a minimum average discordance is selected as the final recognition result by calculating the degree of discordance between the expanded test data and the masks. Image comparison using directional expansion operations more accurately recognizes test data through 4 subdivided recognition processes. It is also possible to expand the ranges of 3 groups of pixel values of masks more evenly such that new fonts can easily be added to the given learning data.
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Generally, in terms of the development of irrigation scheme, the efficient water resource management that supplies the irrigation water in consideration of the required time and accurate quantity to grow the crop should be conducted. The water resource assessment should precede to supply the irrigation water efficiently. The water resources assessment is divided into the water requirement analysis and the water availability assessment. In case of Korea, the major crop is paddy rice unlike crops of Africa, such as sugarcane, maize, and cassava, etc. Because it is not familiar with the method for upland irrigation development in tropical area, it needs to know the water resources assessment for irrigation scheme development about these crops. The Natama Scheme in Chiradzulu District of the Southern Malawi was selected as study area, which has tropical climate. From the collected meteorological data, the evapotranspiration was analyzed by Penman-Monteith Method and the effective rainfall was analyzed by USDA Soil Conservation Service Method. This study displays the results that for study area, the evapotranspiration varies from 2.80 mm/day to 5.51 mm/day and the effective rainfall varied from 2.1mm to 149.0mm. According to the selected crop (Green Maize, Dry Maize), the unit water requirement (UWR) and water demand (WD) considering the irrigation efficiency, irrigation time and irrigation area were estimated to be
$0.00122m^3/s/ha$ and$0.0122m^3/s$ respectively. For the water availability assessment, the runoff of Natama scheme was calculated by specific yield method. The water availability was evaluated through reviewed differences of discharge between$Q80_{intake}$ and Total WD, and the irrigation water can be supplied sufficiently in the existing 10ha of Natama scheme. As a result of reviewing the extensibility of irrigable area, total WD of scheme is$0.02313m^3/s$ , and$Q80_{intake}$ is$0.02387m^3/s$ ($Q80_{intake}$ > Total WD). Therefore, Natama scheme can be extended from 10 ha to 17 ha in the dry season in consideration of the$Q80_{intake}$ . -
Permeate alteration technique is compounded the steeple sway-tuner status of the gleam-differential realization level (GDRL) on the permeate realization morph. The realization level condition by the permeate realization morph system is associated with the sway-tuner system. As to search a dot of the dot situation, we are gained of the permeate value with character-dot by the output signal. The concept of realization level is composed the reference of gleam-differential level for alteration signal by the permeate tuner morph. Moreover displaying a steeple alteration of the GDRL of the average in terms of the sway-tuner morph, and permeate dot tuner that was the a permeate value of the far alteration of the
$Per-rm-FA-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with$14.63{\pm}1.23units$ , that was the a permeate value of the convenient alteration of the$Per-rm-CO-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with$8.28{\pm}0.97units$ , that was the a permeate value of the flank alteration of the$Per-rm-FL-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with$3.28{\pm}0.58units$ , that was the a permeate value of the vicinage alteration of the$Per-rm-VI-{\alpha}_{AVG}$ with$0.51{\pm}0.10units$ . The sway tuner will be to evaluate at the steeple ability of the sway-tuner morph with character-dot by the permeate realization level on the GDRL that is displayed the gleam-differential morph by the realization level system. Sway realization system will be possible to control of a morph by the special signal and to use a permeate data of sway tuner level. -
This paper describes the design and trial development of a system that supports continuous hazard mapping by local residents in their daily life. We performed an interview survey to design our system in a model traditional town in Saga Prefecture, Japan. The results show that despite continued efforts, many practical problems remain and residents feel unsafe. Considering these results, we designed and developed a unique information and communication technology-based support system that contributes to community-based disaster prevention and reduction. The continuous resident participation and posting design are the core concept for our community-based approach. Our system continues to support making a hazard map by integrating the community-based hazard information. Local residents register information (disaster types, risk level, photographs, comments, positional information) about locations that could be dangerous in a disaster. In addition, our system enables information sharing through a Web server. We expect that this information sharing will allow local hazard information for each district to be used.
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We constructed 3-D images by HMD (Head Mount Display) type and polarization technique through which a training instrument of binocular function based on clinical vision therapy was developed and investigated its demand. To design the instrument that performs Test- Diagnosis - (Prescription) - Training - Treatment we provided a customized training method for the trainers using optical IT instruments of binocular test. Through the contents and the instruments of the vision therapy technology developed in this work we can replace the current vision test instruments to those costing 60% lower price in eye clinics and eye glasses shops. By replacing the existing vision test instruments it is possible to create a new market of the vision therapy in vision training instruments.
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Hyun, Sookyung;Moffatt-Bruce, Susan;Newton, Cheryl;Kaewprag, Pacharmon 211
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a lung infection that develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. VAP contributes to about 50% of hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU settings. One of the recommendation of the Institute of for Healthcare Improvement ventilator bundle is HOB elevation. HOB elevation affects shearing forces and makes higher risk for pressure injury development. Pressure injury (PI) is localized damage to the skin over a bony prominence. PI prevention guidelines recommend that HOB positioning should be lower to reduce risk for PI development which contradicts VAP prevention guidelines for the HOB between 30 and 45 degrees for ICU patients. This presents a care dilemma and tension. The purpose of this study was to perform a secondary data analysis using cumulative electronic health record data in order to determine the association of HOB elevation with VAP and PI in ICU patients. A secondary data analysis was conducted to determine whether HOB elevation is associated with VAP and PI. HOB elevation was not likely to be associated with VAP prevention whereas it was likely to be related to PI development. This is somewhat contrary to popular data and publications. Prospective cohort study is desired to inform us in an evidence-based fashion what actually is optimal HOB elevation for ventilated patients in ICU settings. -
Strangely enough, there has not been much effort in applying the latest technologies to help referees make accurate calls in a soccer game compared to other sports. Modern soccer tries to apply VAR (Video Assistant Referee) technology to correct inaccurate calls such as an offside, but this is being put off due to the fact that real time decision-making cannot be carried out by using this technology. This has led this study to decide developing a device that will accurately identify offsides on a real time basis using various latest sensors and related technologies. This device will aid referees in calling offsides in a soccer match.