Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea (대한조선학회논문집)

The Society of Naval Architects of Korea (대한조선학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental Validation on Underwater Sound Speed Measurement Method Using Cross-Correlation of Time-Domain Acoustic Signals in a Reverberant Water Tank

잔향 수조에서의 시간 이력 수음 신호 간 교차상관을 이용한 수중 음속 계측 방법에 관한 실험적 검증

  • Joo-Yeob Lee (Dept. of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kookhyun Kim (Dept. of Marine Mobility, Tongmyong University) ;
  • Sung-Ju Park (Dept. of Marine Mobility, Tongmyong University) ;
  • Dae-Seung Cho (Dept. of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 이주엽 (부산대학교 조선해양공학과) ;
  • 김국현 (동명대학교 해양모빌리티학과) ;
  • 박성주 (동명대학교 해양모빌리티학과) ;
  • 조대승 (부산대학교 조선해양공학과)
  • Received : 2023.10.25
  • Accepted : 2023.12.05
  • Published : 2024.02.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Underwater sound speed is an important analysis parameter on an estimation of the underwater radiated noise (URN) emitted from vessels. This paper aims to present an underwater sound speed measurement procedure using a cross-correlation of time-domain acoustic signals and validate the procedure through an experiment in a reverberant water tank. For the purpose, time-domain acoustic signals transmitted by a Gaussian pulse excitation from an acoustic projector have been measured at 20 hydrophone positions in the reverberant water tank. Then, the sound speed in water has been calculated by a linear regression using 190 cross-correlation cases of distances and time lags between the received signals and the result has been compared with those estimated by the existing empirical formulae. From the result, it is regarded that the presented experimental procedure to measure an underwater sound speed is reliably applicable if the time resolution is sufficiently high in the measurement.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 조선해양플랜트글로벌핵심센터의 관리 하에 2023년도 정부(방위사업청)의 재원으로 국방기술진흥연구소의 지원(No. 19-106-804-016(KRIT-CT-23-018), 잠수함 첨단함형 특화연구실)과 부산광역시의 대학혁신연구단지조성사업 중 "동명대학교 대학혁신연구단지조성사업"의 지원 (IURP2301)으로 수행된 연구 결과입니다.

References

  1. Bae, S.R., Jeon, J.J. and Lee, H.G., 1993. Waterborne noise prediction of the reinforced cylindrical shell using the SEA technique. Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, 3(2), pp.155-161.
  2. Chen, C.T. and Millero, F.J., 1977. Speed of sound in seawater at high pressures. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62(5), pp.1129-1135. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.381646
  3. Coppens, A.B., 1981. Simple equations for the speed of sound in Neptunian waters. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 69(3), pp.862-863. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.385486
  4. Del Grosso, V.A., 1974. New equation for the speed of sound in natural waters (with comparisons to other equations). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 56(4), pp.1084-1091. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1903388
  5. Duan, J., Zhang, L., Da, L., Sun, X. and Chen, W., 2020. A hybrid algorithm of underwater structure vibration and acoustic radiation-propagation in ocean acoustic channel. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 12, pp.680-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2020.07.008
  6. Fofonoff, N.P. and Millard Jr, R.C., 1983. Algorithms for the computation of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Sciences No.44.
  7. Ingle, V.K. and Proakis, J.G., 2012. Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB. 3rd Ed. Cengage Learning: United States of America.
  8. International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2014. Guidelines for the reduction of underwater noise from commercial shipping to address adverse impacts on marine life. IMO, London, IMO MEPC.1/Circ.833.
  9. International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2023a. Addressing underwater noise from ships-draft revised guidelines agreed. 30 January 2023, URL: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/Pages/WhatsNew-1818.aspx [Accessed 17 October 2023].
  10. International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2023b. Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), 3-7 July 2023: 6. Addressing underwater noise-revised guidelines adopted, URL: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/MeetingSummaries/Pages/MEPC-80.aspx [Accessed 17 October 2023].
  11. Kil, B.J., 2021. A result of prolonged monitoring underwater sound speed in the center of the Yellow Sea. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 40(3), pp.183-191.
  12. Kinsler, L.E., Frey, A.R., Coppens, A.B. and Sanders, J.V., 2000. Fundamentals of Acoustics. 4th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc: United States of America.
  13. Lee, J.Y., Kim, K.H., Park, S.J. and Cho, D.S., 2023. Applicability and reliability of an experimental method measuring underwater acoustic radiation efficiency of floating box-type plate structures in a reverberant water tank. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 15, 100553.
  14. Leroy, C.C., Robinson, S.P. and Goldsmith M.J., 2008. A new equation for the accurate calculation of sound speed in all oceans. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(5), pp.2774-2782. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2988296
  15. Leroy, C.C., Robinson, S.P. and Goldsmith M.J., 2009. Erratum: A new equation for the accurate calculation of sound speed in all oceans. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 126(4), pp.2117.
  16. Mackenzie, K.V., 1981. Nine-term equation for sound speed in the oceans. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 70(3), pp.807-812. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.386920
  17. Medwin, H., 1975. Speed of sound in water: A simple equation for realistic parameters. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 58(6), pp.1318-1319. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.380790
  18. Wong, G.S.K. and Zhu, S., 1995. Speed of sound in seawater as a function of salinity, temperature, and pressure. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97(3), pp.1732-1736. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.413048
  19. Wu, H. and Chen, P., 2017. Application of coupled FEM/BEM on the analysis of underwater radiated noise of a surface ship induced by hull vibrations. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 25(2), pp.196-204.