Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry

The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry (한국응용생명화학회)
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Comprehensive comparison of nutritional constituents and antioxidant activity of cultivated ginseng, mountain-cultivated ginseng, and whole plant parts of mountain-cultivated ginseng

인삼, 산양삼 및 산양삼 전초의 영양성분 및 항산화 활성의 종합적인 비교

  • Lee, Hee Yul (Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jung, Jea Gack (Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Su Cheol (Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Cho, Du Yong (Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Min Ju (Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Ae Ryeon (Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Son, Ki-Ho (Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Jin Hwan (Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Hee (Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation, Andong National University) ;
  • Cho, Kye Man (Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2021.09.27
  • Accepted : 2021.12.03
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

This study investigated that comparison of the nutrients (including fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals) and ginsenoside, total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents and antioxidant activities in 5-year-old cultivated ginseng (CG), mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG), and whole plant parts of MCG (WPMCG). The contents of total fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were determined highest in MCG (1215.9 and 751.2 mg/100 g), and saturated fatty acid was determined highest in WPMCG (486.4 mg/100 g) respectively. Characteristically, the α-linolenic acid content was detected up to 10 times higher in MCG (139.3 mg/100 g) and WPMCG (194.4 mg/100 g) compared to CG (18.1 mg/100 g). Total free and essential amino acid contents were high with CG < MCG < WPMCG (1006.35 mg/100 g and 839.46 mg/100 g). Notably, γ-aminobutyric acid and arginine were detected as the main non-essential amino acids with highest levels detected in WPMCG (163.10 mg/100 g) and MCG (305.23 mg/100 g), respectively. Total mineral content was high in CG (30.36 mg/100 g) and WPMCG (29.82 mg/100 g). Particularly, Calcium (Ca) was detected more than twice as high in WPMCG (6.68 mg/100 g) as compared to CG and MCG. TP and TF contents were 5.12 gallic acid mg/g and 3.04 RE mg/g respectively. Ginsenoside content was the highest in WPMCG (42.44 mg/g) in general and the highest antioxidant activity was also observed in WPMCG.

5년근 이상의 인삼(CG), 산양삼(MCG) 및 산양삼 전초(WPMCG)의 지방산, 아미노산, 무기질, ginsenosides, 총 phenolics, 총 flavonoids 및 항산화 활성을 비교하여 분석하였다. 총 지방산 및 불포화 지방산 함량은 MCG (1215.9 및 751.2 mg/100 g)에서, 포화 지방산은 WPMCG (486.4 mg/100 g)에서 각각 높았으며 α-linolenic acid 함량은 특징적으로 CG (18.1 mg/100 g)에 비해 MCG (139.3 mg/100 g) 및 WPMCG (194.4 mg/100 g)에서 최대 10배 높게 검출되었다. 총 유리아미노산 및 필수 아미노산 함량은 CG < MCG < WPMCG (1006.35 및 839.46 mg/100 g) 순으로 높았으며, γ-aminobutyric acid 및 arginine이 주된 비필수 아미노산으로 각각 WPMCG (163.10 mg/100 g)와 MCG (305.23 mg/100 g)에서 가장 높게 검출되었다. 총 무기질 함량은 CG (30.36 mg/100 g)와 WPMCG (29.82 mg/100 g)에서 높게 검출되었으며, 칼슘(Ca)은 CG 및 MCG와 비교하여 WPMCG (6.68 mg/100 g)에서 약 2배 이상의 높게 검출되었다. 총 phenolics (5.12 GAE mg/g), 총 flavonoids (3.04 RE mg/g) 및 ginsenosides (42.44 mg/g) 함량은 WPMCG에서 공통적으로 가장 높은 함량이 검출되었으며 이와 유의적으로 항산화 활성 역시 WPMCG에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 산림청과 한국임업진흥원의 산림생명소재 발굴사업(Project No. 2017023A001919BA01 & 2020187A002002BA01)에 지원에 이루어진 결과입니다.

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