• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2012

경기인삼 품질 특성을 확립하기 위한 기초자료로 진세노사이드 특성을 조사하였다. 경기도내 4대 인삼조합(개성, 김포 파주, 경기동부, 안성) 인삼을 인삼농가에서 직접 채취하거나 채굴현장에서 수집하여 진세노사이드 함량 및 조성을 분석하여 그 특성을 분석해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 경기인삼 4, 5, 6년근의 총 진세노사이드 함량은 3.92 mg/g, 4.34 mg/g 및 4.94 mg/g으로 각각 나타나 재배 년수가 증가할수록 함량이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. PD/PT 비율은 1.12, 1.34 및 1.40으로 년근 수가 증가할수록 PD계열 진세노사이드 함량이 증가하였다. 2. 경기인삼 6년근의 크기별 진세노사이드 함량을 측정한 결과 큰 인삼(大)의 총 진세노사이드 함량은 5.19 mg/g, 작은 인삼은 4.69 mg/g으로 같은 년근 수에서는 인삼의 크기에 따라 진세노사이드함량 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 3. 6년근 부위별 총 진세노사이드 함량은 주근이 3.70 mg/g이며 세근은 6.37 mg/g으로써 주근보다 세근에서 1.72배 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 진세노사이드 각각 함량별로 비교해 볼 때 PD계인 진세노사이드 $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, Rd와 PT계인 Re, $Rg_2$가 주근보다 세근에서 높은 함량을 나타내어, PD/PT 비율이 1.08과 2.06으로 세근은 주근보다 PD계열 함량이 2배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.418-424
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• 2009

The analytical conditions of ginsenosides were optimized using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal analysis conditions were set up from the experiments using different gradient conditions, and the ginsenosides contents of red ginseng products and their raw materials were analysed. Red ginseng contained 0.29% Rg1, 0.82% Rb1, 0.38% Rc, 0.32% Rb2, 0.11% Rd, showing the highest ginsenoside contents. Among the red ginseng products, red ginseng extract showed the highest content. The ginsenoside contents were varied according to the raw material type and product type. Re and Rb1 contents were the highest in most raw materials and products.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 7년근과 13년근 산양삼을 선정하여 적변 유무에 따라 분류하고 적변에 따른 산양삼의 생육특성과 진세노사이드 함량을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 산양삼 재배지 9개소의 산양삼 지하부의 생육특성을 분석한 결과, 7년근과 13년근 산양삼의 생육특성은 적변에 따른 유의적인 차이는 확인되지 않았다. 적변에 따른 연근별 산양삼의 진세노사이드 함량을 비교 분석한 결과, 7년근 산양삼은 Rb1과 Rg1은 진세노사이드 함량이 일반삼에 비해 적변삼에서 높았고, 진세노사이드 Rc, Rd, Re, Rg2는 적변삼에 비해 일반삼에서 유의적으로 높은 것을 확인하였으나 적변에 따른 13년근 산양삼의 진세노사이드 함량 유의적인 차이는 확인할 수 없었다. 산양삼 생육특성과 진세노사이드 함량 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 일반삼의 경우 진세노사이드 Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rf, Rg1이 산양삼의 지하부 길이와 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 적변삼은 진세노사이드 Rd가 지하부 길이와는 유의적인 정의 상관관계, 주근직경과는 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 7년근과 13년근 모두 적변에 따른 생육특성의 차이는 확인되지 않았고, 진세노사이드 함량은 7년근에서는 적변에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였지만 13년근에서는 유의적인 차이가 없는 것을 확인하였다. 임가에서 산양삼은 7년근에 비해 13년근이 보다 고가에 거래되는 만큼 본 연구의 결과를 통해 적변삼에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 개선하여 산양삼 재배 농가의 소득 증대에 도움을 주고, 향후 산양삼의 품질규격을 정립하는 데 있어 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 1982

Ginsenosides in epidermis·cortex(EC) and xylem-pith(XP) of main body of Panax ginseng(var. atropurpureacaulo) root were investigated in relation to dark purple area on stem. Pattern of ginsenosides, ratio of protopanaxatriol(PT) to diol(PD) and total ginsenoside content were significantly different between EC ana XP, and not related with stem color. The increasing trend of total ginsenosides with decreasing in purple area on stem needs to be tested with greater sample size. The order of ginsenoside content was $Rb_1>Rg_1>Re>Rc>Rg_2>Rb_2>Rf>Rd$ for EC, $Rg_1>Rb_1>Rg_2>Re>Rb_2>Rc>Rf>Rd$ for XP. PT/PD was 1.08 for EC,1.95 for XP. Since total ginsenoside content was 3 times higher in EC than in XP and weight of two parts was almost same, the content of ginsenosides of main body mostly depends on those of EC.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2023

Malic acid-catalyzed transformation has been developed to produce ginsenoside Rg3 which is increasingly in demand as a functional ingredient. The optimization of the conversion of red ginseng saponin (RGS) to ginsenoside Rg3 by acid catalyzed transformation was carried out using Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on Response Surface Analysis (RSM). The main independent variables were malic acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time. Conversion of ginsenoside Rg3 was performed according to BBD model and optimization conditions were analyzed. The concentration of the converted ginsenoside Rg3 ranged from 1.548 mg/L to 4.558 mg/L, and the highest production was obtained under the condition of reacting 1% malic acid, 50 ℃ and 9h. Consequently, The independent variables affecting the production of ginsenoside Rg3 were identified in the following order: malic acid concentration, reaction time and temperature. In addition, it was confirmed that the interaction between malic acid concentration and reaction time had a greater influence than the temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7794-7800
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• 2015

Ginsenosides in ginseng berry has been known as functional materials showing physiological effect to the human. Specially, ginseng berry contains plenty of ginsenoside Re, but the study of extraction processes were not enough performed. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to establish the optimized extraction process for obtaining ginsenoside Re from ginseng berry. The extraction process of ginsenosides was performed in 250 mL extraction flask containing 150 solvent and 10 g of dried ginseng berry. The extracted ginsenoside Re, Rg1 and Rd and total crude ginsenosides from ginseng berry were evaluated by TLC according to the treated conditions (the ratio of alcohol to water, extraction temperature, extraction period, and extraction times). Optimized conditions for extraction was 70% to 30% of the ratio of alcohol to water, $80^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 4 h of extraction period, and 2 times of extraction frequency. The amount of total crude ginsenosides of the extract obtained from the optimized process was 88.6 mg/g based on dried ginseng berry. The composition of ginsenosides from the extracted was 5.5% of Rb1, 5.2% of Rc, 14.3% of Rd, 51.5% of Re, 8.1% of Rf, and 15.7% of Rg1. A protopanaxtriol ginsenosides of whole ginsenosides extracted was about 80%.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.436-441
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• 2018

Ginseng are native traditional herbs, which exhibit excellent pharmacological activities. Probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus KII13 and Pediococcus pentosaceus strain KID7 were used for ginsenoside transformation by fermenting crude ginseng extract to enhance minor gisenoside content. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of fermented ginseng extract showed that the minor ginsenosides Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 were main products after 5 days of fermentation. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify the major and minor ginsenosides. The Rg3 peak appeared on the 3rd day while the appearance of Rh2 peak and Rh1 peak were observed on the 5th day. The co-culture of L. helveticus KII13 and P. pentosaceus KID7 converted major ginsenosides (Rb1 and Rg1) into minor ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, and Rh1).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2020

본 연구는 7년, 13년근 산양삼의 생육특성과 진세노사이드(G) 함량 간의 상관관계를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 6개소의 산양삼의 생육특성을 조사한 결과, 뇌두길이, 뿌리길이, 생중량, 단면적, 표면적, 부피에 있어 13년근 산양삼이 7년근 산양삼에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 것을 확인하였다. 진세노사이드11종에 대한 함량은 G-Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2 함량이 13년근 산양삼이 7년근 산양삼 보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 확인하였다. 또한 산양삼과 인삼(재배삼) 진세노사이드 함량을 비교한 결과, 13년 산양삼에서 G-Rb1, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1이 4년, 5년근 인삼(재배삼)에 비해 유의적으로 함량이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 산양삼 연근별 생육특성과 진세노사이드 함량 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, G-Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2 함량은 뇌두길이, 생중량, 단면적, 표면적, 부피와 유의정인 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, G-Rb1, Re, Rf, Rg2는 줄기직경과 부의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 산양삼의 7년근과 13년근을 대상으로 생육특성과 진세노사이드 함량 상관관계를 구명함으로써 연근에 따른 품질규격 정립에 유용한 정보를 제공 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.1 s.53
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• pp.38-43
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• 1999

Ginseng total saponins (ginsenosides) are biologically active main ingredients of Panax ginseng. In present study, we have investigated whether pretreatment of ginsenosides inhibited capsaicin-induced pain at the spinal level, in the view that capsaicin causes substance P (SP) release from primary afferents. Ginsenosides relieved capsaicin-induced pain in a dose-dependent manner. The $ED_{50}$ of the effect was 43 (20-93, $95\%$ C.I.) ${\mu}g/mouse$. We investigated excitatory amino acids-induced nociceptive responses in mice, because these agents are also involved in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. Coadministration of ginsenosides with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or kainate via i.t. inhibited NMDA- but not kainate-induced pain behaviors. The $ED_{50}$ for the inhibition of NMDA-induced pain by ginsenosides was 37 (21-66, $95\%$ C.I.) ${\mu}g/mouse$. These results suggest that the ginsenosides-induced antinociception results from blocking of pain transmitter-induced nociceptive information at the spinal level.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

This study was carried out to evaluate the basic information on ginsenoside contents and pattern similarity in five cultivars of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. Among five cultivars the unit content and total content of ginsenosides were the highest in Gopoong cultivar as 18.9 mg/g and 596 mg/root, respectively. The unit content and total content of ginsenosides decreased in the order of Yunpoong, Gumpoong, Seonpoong and Chunpoong cultivar. Ginsenoside pattern similarity between tap root and lateral root was high as 0.95 but that between tap root and fine root was low as 0.72. Correlation of ginsenoside contents between tap root and lateral root exhibited the highest value as 0.843 and decreased in the order of main root, fine root, and rhizome. And the correlation value between unit content and total content of ginsenoside was very high as 0.933.