Current Optics and Photonics

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
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Compact, Wavelength-selectable, Energy-ratio Variable Nd:YAG Laser at Mid-ultraviolet for Chemical Warfare Agent Detection

  • Received : 2019.01.30
  • Accepted : 2019.05.07
  • Published : 2019.06.25
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Abstract

We have developed a compact, wavelength-selectable, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at mid ultraviolet for chemical warfare agent detection. The fundamental wave at 1064 nm is delivered by a pulsed solid state laser incorporating with a square-type Nd:YAG rod in a resonator closed by two crossed Porro prisms for environmental reliability. The output energy at 213 nm ($5{\omega}$) and 266 nm ($4{\omega}$) by ${\chi}^{(2)}$ process in the sequentially disposed BBO crystals are measured to be 6.8 mJ and 15.1 mJ, respectively. The output wavelength is selected for $5{\omega}$ and $4{\omega}$ by a motorized wavelength switch. The energy ratio of the $5{\omega}$ to the $4{\omega}$ is varied from 0.05 to 0.85 by controlling the phase matching temperature of the nonlinear crystal for sum-frequency generation without change of the output pulse parameters.

Keywords

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FIG. 1. (a) Experimental schematic of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser at mid-ultraviolet. PP, Porro prism; M, mirror; P, polarizer; QWP, quarter-wave plate; HWP, half-wave plate; PC, Pockels cell; DMs, dichroic mirrors; NLC, non-linear crystal; λ-switch, wavelength switch. (b) Details in the wavelength-switch. The output wavelength is selected to be 213 nm or 266 nm by a motorized linear stage. (c) The exterior of the UV laser with the dimensions of 200(W) × 401(L) × 202 (H) mm3 and the weight of 11 kg including the power supply as well as the control electronics.

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FIG. 2. The output energy per pulse at 1064 nm as a function of the pump energy. The slope efficiency is estimated to be 33%. Inset, the measured pulse shape with the FWHM of 21 ns.

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FIG. 3. The measured width of the infrared beam as a function of the distance for the horizontal (the vertical) direction. The M-squared in horizontal and vertical direction are deduced to be 2.4 and 1.7, respectively. Inset, the observed beam profile of the fundamental beam.

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FIG. 4. The measured harmonic energy (black rectangles for 2ω, red circles for 4ω, blue triangles for 5ω) and the calculated energy (black line for 2ω, red line for 4ω, blue line for 5ω) by SNLO program as a function of the pumping energy at the fundamental wave.

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FIG. 5. (a) The output wavelength selection for 213 nm and 266 nm. (b) The measured variation of the energy ratio (black rectangular) at 5ω to the 4ω by controlling the phase-matching temperature for the 3rd nonlinear crystal. The red line is calculated energy ratio by the SNLO program.

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