The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Application of Passive Sampling in Marine Environment: 2. Modified Method for Shortening of Deployment Time in a Field

해양환경에서의 수동형채집기(Passive Sampler)의 활용: 2. 현장노출시간 단축을 위한 개선법

  • JANG, YU LEE (Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • LEE, HYO JIN (Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • JEONG, HAE JIN (Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • KIM, GI BEUM (Department of Ocean System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 장유리 (경상대학교 해양시스템공학과) ;
  • 이효진 (경상대학교 해양환경공학과) ;
  • 정해진 (경상대학교 해양시스템공학과) ;
  • 김기범 (경상대학교 해양시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2018.12.20
  • Accepted : 2019.05.03
  • Published : 2019.05.31
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Abstract

A passive sampler is one of the promising methods to easily and more accurately predict the free dissolved and bioavailable concentration ($C_{free}$) in seawater or pore water in sediments. In Europe and the United States, the use of passive samplers has been highly encouraged for more accurate marine environmental risk assessment. However, long deployment time in the field causes problems such as biofouling of the samplers, so there are few studies using passive samplers in Korea. Therefore, we review the principle and basic characteristics of the passive sampler for persistent organic pollutants, and introduce various improvement cases for the field applications of the passive sampler.

수동형채집기(passive sampler)는 해수나 퇴적물 내 공극수에서의 자유용존상 농도 (freely dissolved and bioavailable concentration, $C_{free}$)를 쉽고 보다 정확히 예측할 수 있는 유망한 방법 중 하나이다. 유럽이나 미국에서는 보다 정확한 위해도 평가를 위해 해양환경 모니터링에 수동형채집기를 적극적으로 사용하는 추세이지만, 현장 적용 시 노출시간이 길어짐에 따라 수동형채집기의 생물부착으로 인한 문제점으로 국내에서의 활용도는 매우 낮다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 난분해성 유기오염물질을 대상으로 하는 수동형채집기의 원리 및 기본적인 특징을 파악하고, 수동형채집기의 현장 적용을 위한 다양한 개선 사례를 조사함으로써 국내에서의 수동형채집기의 활용도를 높이기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Schematic processing of Cfree uptake by passive sampler (a) and modes of passive sampler operation (kinetic and equilibrium) (b).

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Fig. 2. Number of publications by type of passive samplers applied to the field excluding atmosphere from Scopus.

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Fig. 3. Shapes of the passive sampler (a: SPMDs figure from NOAA, b: LDPE sheet, and c: SPME).

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Fig. 4. Release of [2H10]anthracene from SPMDs exposed at different linear flow velocities: 0.06 cm/s (●, dotted lines), 0.28 cm/s (▲, dashed lines), and 1.14 cm/s (□, solid lines) (Adapted from Vrana and Schüürmann, 2002, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36: 290-296, with permission of American Chemical Society).

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Fig. 5. Comparisons of DDx porewater concentrations found using EqP (OC) (=Cs/focKoc), EqP (OC+BC) (=Cs/(focKoc+fbcKbcCw 0.7)), in situ, and Tumbling (ex situ) (Adapted from Borrelli et al., 2018, Chemosphere, 200: 227-236, with permission of Elsevier).

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Fig. 6. Passive samplers in seawater without cage before (a) and after (b), and with stainless cage before (c) and after (d) deployment.

Table 1. Field deployment time for diverse passive sampler in marine environment

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