Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sensory evaluation of a body lotion formulated with hot spring water from Deokgu, Korea

덕구온천수로 제조된 바디로션의 관능평가

  • Kim, So Jung (Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry) ;
  • Kang, Mingyeong (Ecological Risk Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology) ;
  • Lee, Taek-Kyun (Ecological Risk Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology)
  • 김소정 (경북해양바이오산업연구원) ;
  • 강민경 (한국해양과학기술원 생태위해성연구부) ;
  • 이택견 (한국해양과학기술원 생태위해성연구부)
  • Received : 2019.01.28
  • Accepted : 2019.04.05
  • Published : 2019.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate hot spring water (HSW) from Deokgu as a cosmetic ingredient in the preparation of a body lotion. The HSW was tested for its suitability as an aqueous-phase main component. Microbiological and chemical stability tests of the HSW were carried out. Microorganisms including E. coli were not detected or detected below the detection limits, and no harmful heavy metals were found. The cytotoxicity of the HSW was also considered, and its pH determined over a period of three months. Further, sensory characteristics were assessed for consumer acceptance by performing sensory tests on body lotions formulated using either Deokgu HSW or distilled water. Skin moisturization, irritation and tension reinforcement were found to be enhanced when using the HSW lotion rather than that formulated with distilled water. Taken together, the results of this study show that the use of HSW in cosmetic formulations contributes to the efficacy of these products.

이 연구의 목적은 바디로션 제조 시 화장품 첨가제로서의 덕구온천수를 평가하기 위함이다. 주요 수용성 구성성분으로서의 온천수의 적합성을 시험하였다. 온천수의 미생물 및 화학적 안전성 시험이 수행되었다. 대장균을 비롯한 미생물은 검출되지 않았거나 검출한도 이하로 검출되었으며, 유해한 중금속은 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 온천수의 세포독성이 평가되었으며, 온천수의 pH 변화를 3달 동안 측정하였다. 또한 덕구온천수 및 증류수로 제조된 바디로션에 대해서 관능시험을 수행함으로써 소비자의 적합성을 관능특성 분석을 통하여 평가하였다. 증류수로 제조된 바디로션보다 온천수를 사용한 바디로션을 피부에 적용하였을 때, 피부보습, 피부트러블 및 피부 장벽강화가 증진되었다. 종합해 보았을 때, 이 연구의 결과는 화장품 제조에 있어서 온천수를 사용하는 것은 화장품의 효능을 증진시킬 수 있음을 보여 준다.

Keywords

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. The pH changes of Deokgu HSW for 3 months

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Cytotoxicity test of Deokgu HSW with 100% ethanol as the positive control. Data are expressed as means ± SE and obtained from triplicate experiments. * denotes significant difference compared with the controls (p <0.05).

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Effect of the body lotion formulated with Deokgu HSW on skin moisturization (A) and improvement over time (B). Data are expressed as the average of three of five test results (i.e. excluding maximum and minimum scores). * denotes significant difference compared with the controls (p <0.05).

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Effect of body lotion formulated with Deokgu HSW on skin tension reinforcement. Data are expressed as the average of three of five results (i.e. excluding maximum and minimum scores); * denotes significant difference compared with the controls (p <0.05).

Table 1. Body lotion composition containing Deokgu HSW

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Evaluation of heavy metal and total microbes in the body lotion containing Deokgu HSW

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Skin irritation test of body lotion formulated with Deokgu HSWs.

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_420_t0003.png 이미지

References

  1. L. Andreassi and L. Flori. "Mineral water and spas in Italy". Clin. Dermatol. 14, pp. 627-632, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(96)00095-8
  2. I. Ghersetich, D. Freedman and T. Lotti. "Balneology today". J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. 14(5), pp. 346-348, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00136.x
  3. H. Matz, E. Orion and R. Wolf. "Balneotherapy in dermatology". Dermatol. Ther. 16, pp. 132-140, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8019.2003.01622.x
  4. A. V. Benedetto and L. E. Millikan. "World survey of mineral water and spas-mineral water and spas in the United States". Clin. Dermatol. 14, pp. 583-600, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(96)00089-2
  5. L. E. Millikan. "Unapproved treatments or indications in dermatology: physical therapy including balneotherapy". Clin. Dermatol. 18, pp. 125-129, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(99)00102-9
  6. S. Seite. "Thermal waters as cosmeceuticals: La Roche-Posay hot spring water example". Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 6. pp. 23-28, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S39082
  7. I. Toriyama, Y. Kumada, T. Matsubara, A. Murata, A. Ogino, H. Hayashi, H. Nakashima, H. Takahashi, H. Matsuo and H. Kawahara. "Effect of artificial carbon dioxide foot bathing on critical limb ischemia (Fontaine IV) in peripheral arterial disease patients". Int. Angiol. 21, pp. 367-373, 2002.
  8. J. Oyama, Y. Kudo, T. Maeda, K. Node and N. Makino. "Hyperthermia by bathing in a hot spring improves cardiovascular functions and reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic heart failure". Heart Vessels. 28, pp. 173-178, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-011-0220-7
  9. J. Liang, D. Kang, Y. Wang, Y. Yu, J. Fan and E. Takashi. "Carbonate ion-enriched hot spring water promotes skin wound healing in nude rats". PLoS ONE. 10(2): e0117106, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117106
  10. S. Nunes and B. M. Tamura. "A historical review of mineral water". Surg. Cosmet. Dermatol. 4, pp. 252-258, 2012.
  11. A. R. T. S. Araujo, T. Paiva, M. P. Ribeiro and P. Coutinho. "Innovation in hotism: an example in Beira Interior Region of Portugal". In: M. Peris-Ortiz, J. Alvarez-Garcia (eds.) Health and wellness tourism - emergence of a new market segment. p. 165-180, 2015.
  12. G. Nappi, S. De Luca, P. Magrassi, S. Benedetti, M. Cocchi and R. Mattina. "Effects of oral administration of the "LETE" mineral water on Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (ROM) and on Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP)". Prog. Nutr. 13, pp. 91-98, 2011. DOI: http://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/1350
  13. M. Olah, A. Koncz, J. Feher, J. Kalmanczhey, C. Olah, G. Nagy and T. Bender. "The effect of balneotherapy on antioxidant, inflammatory, and metabolic indices in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and obesity) - a randomised, controlled, follow-up study". Contemp. Clin. Trials, 32, pp. 793-801, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2011.06.003
  14. S. J. Cobbina, A. B. Duwiejuah, R. Quansah, S. Obiri and N. Bakobie. "Comparative assessment of heavy metals in drinking water sources in two small-scale mining communities in Northern Ghana". Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 12, pp. 10620-10634, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120910620
  15. H. M. Wehr and J. F. Frank. "Standard methods for the examination of dairy products". 17th ed. Washington, DC, APHA, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/9780875530024
  16. I. C. Kulkamp-Guerreiro, S. J. Berlitz, R. V. Contri, L. R. Alves. E. G. Henrique, V. R. M. Barreiros and S. S. Guterres. "Influence of nanoencapsulation on the sensory properties of cosmetic formulations containing lipoic acid". Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 35, pp. 105-111, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12013
  17. T. Worch, A. Crine. A. Gruel and S. Le. "Analysis and validation of the Ideal Profile Method: application to a skin cream study". Food Qual. Prefer. 32, pp. 132-144, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2013.08.005
  18. A. D. Castillo, M. J. Perez, E. Falque and H. Dominguez. "Stability of sun creams formulated with thermal spring waters from Ourense, Northwest Spain". Cosmetics. 3, pp. 42, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics3040042
  19. E. Neza and M. Centini "Microbiologically Contaminated and Over-Preserved Cosmetic Products According Rapex 2008-2014" Cosmetics. 2016, 3, p. 3, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics3010003
  20. T. H. Elmorsy and E. A. Hafez. "Microbial Contamination of Some Cosmetic Preparations in Egypt" Inter. J. Agri. Technol. 12(3), pp. 471-481, 2016. DOI: http://www.ijat-aatsea.com/pdf/v12_n3...
  21. T. Tanaka, M. Oishi and M. Okazaki. "The relationship between the preservative efficacy and cytotoxicity of two common preservatives used in cosmetics" J. Oral Tissue Engin. 15(3), pp. 186-192, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11223/jarde.15.186
  22. A.-M. Pense-Lheritier. "Recent developments in the sensorial assessment of cosmetic products: a review". Inter. J. Cosmetic Sci. 37, pp. 465-473, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12223
  23. M. Moussour, M. Lavarde, A.-M. Pense-Lheritier and F. Bouton. "Sensory analysis of cosmetic powders: personal care ingredients and emulsions" Inter. J. Cosmetic Sci. 39, pp. 83-89, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12352