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Derivations of Positive Pressure Condition for Development of Foldable Safe Pathway in Railway Tunnel Fires

철도터널화재용 접이식 대피통로 개발을 위한 양압 조건 도출

  • Kim, JiTae (Mechnical Engineering, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Ro, Kyoungchul (Railroad Mechanical Engineering, Dongyang University)
  • 김지태 (중앙대학교 기계공학부) ;
  • 노경철 (동양대학교 철도기계시스템학과)
  • Received : 2018.10.08
  • Accepted : 2019.01.04
  • Published : 2019.01.31

Abstract

The Korea Foldable safe pathway system is an evacuation support system to get temporary evacuation route in railway tunnel and large space fires. A prevention smoke screen is unfolded in fires and it is needed to prevent heat and smoke from fire source. Therefore, ventilation system for positive pressure condition is equipped with foldable safe pathway system. Numerical analyses of temperature and pressure distribution with distance from fire source were performed considering fire scenario of new train vehicle. The smoke temperatures did not exceed $200^{\circ}C$ that distance from the fire source was more than 20 m and smoke pressure was reduced with distance from fire source. Maximum smoke pressure was 14 Pa and average pressure was 6 Pa in position of prevention smoke screen. As results, to install foldable safe pathway system, ventilation system is need to maintain 6 Pa positive pressure condition.

접이식 대피통로는 철도터널 및 대공간 화재시 임시 피난로를 확보하기 위한 피난지원 시스템으로 화재시 구조물 상부에 거치되어 있던 차연 스크린이 펼쳐지며 피난로를 확보하는 시스템이다. 차연 스크린은 적절한 내화성능을 갖추어야 될 뿐 아니라 밀폐성을 확보하여 외부의 연기를 최대한 막을 수 있는 시스템이 요구된다. 이를 위해 접이식 대피통로 시스템에는 피난로 내부에 양압 조건을 유지해 주기 위한 제연설비가 필요하며, 제연 설비의 설계 및 용량 산정을 위해서는 화원에서 거리별 온도 분포 및 압력 해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 신형전동차의 화재 현상을 모사하여 터널 길이방향별 온도 및 압력 분포를 해석하였다. 차연 스크린 설치 위치에서는 길이방향으로 20미터 이상일 경우에는 차연 스크린 내열온도인 200도를 넘지 않는 것으로 해석되었으며, 압력 또한 거리 증가에 따라 감소하며, 최대 14 Pa, 평균 6 Pa 정도를 보이는 것으로 해석되었다. 또한 상부 보단 하부에서의 압력이 낮기 때문에 실제 양압조건은 이보다 낮을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 접이식 대피통로 설치를 위해서는 차연 스크린내 양압조건을 6 Pa 내외로 유지할 수 있는 제연설비가 필요할 것으로 예측된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. The mockup of foldable safe pathway system[4]

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Fig. 2. Heat release rate of new railway vehicle for fire source of tunnel fire[5]

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Fig. 3. Dimension and modelling of railway tunnel for FDS (a) Cross-section of tunnel, (b) 3D modelling

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Fig. 4. Positions of temperature and pressure sensors

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Fig. 5. Temperature distributions at center positions of railway tunnel with time variations (H=7.5 m)

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Fig. 6. Temperature distributions at center positions of railway tunnel with longitudinal distance variations

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Fig. 7. Pressure distributions at center positions of railway tunnel with longitudinal distance variations

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Fig. 8. Temperature distributions at smoke protection screen of railway tunnel with time variations (H=6.0 m)

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Fig. 9. Temperature distributions at smoke protection screen of railway tunnel with longitudinal distance variations

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Fig. 10. Pressure distributions at smoke protection screen of railway tunnel with longitudinal distance variations

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