DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

서울시 한강으로 유입되는 하천의 어류 군집 특성

Characteristic of Fish Community in the Stream Flowing into the Han River in Seoul, Korea

  • 투고 : 2018.04.05
  • 심사 : 2018.05.20
  • 발행 : 2018.06.30

초록

서울시 한강으로 유입되는 하천의 어류군집 특성 분석을 위해 2016년 5월부터 2017년 4월까지 조사하였다. 자연형으로 복원된 하천은 우이천, 당현천, 청계천, 양재천, 목감천, 도림천, 홍제천 등이다. 조사 기간 동안 21개 지점에서 족대와 투망으로 채집된 어류는 총 10과 41종이었다. 한반도 고유종에 속하는 어종은 줄납자루(Acheilognathus yamatsutae), 가시납지리(Acheilognathus gracilis), 중고기(Scrcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii), 몰개(Squalidus japonicus coreanus), 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus), 꺽지(Coreoperca herzi), 얼룩동사리(Odontobutis interruta) 등 7종이었으며 고유화빈도가 17.1%이었다. 국외에서 도입된 외래종은 비단잉어(Cyprinus carpio, Fancy type), 금붕어(Carassius auratus, Gold fishh), 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri), 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus), 배스(Micropterus salmoides) 등 5종(12.2%)이었다. 각 조사 지점별 우점종은 피라미(Zacco platypus), 붕어(Carassius auratus), 납자루(Acheilognathus lanceolatus), 가시납지리(Acheilognathus gracilis), 대륙송사리(Oryzias sinensis) 등이었다. 종다양도지수, 균등도지수 및 종풍부도 지수에서 양제천이 다른 조사 하천에 비해 지수가 높아 안정적인 군집 상태를 나타내었다. 수질에 대한 내성도 guild에서 민감종이 3종(7.3%), 중간종 16종(39.0%), 내성종 22종(53.7%)이었다. 식성에서 충식성은 12종(29.3%), 잡식성 23종(56.1%), 육식성 6종(14.6%)으로 잡식성이 매우 풍부하였다.

This study investigated the characteristics of fish communities in the streams flowing into the Han river in Seoul in May 2016 through April 2017. The investigated streams were Ui stream, Danghyeon stream, Cheonggye stream, Yangjae stream, Mokgam stream, Dorim stream, and Hongje stream, which were restored to their natural form. We collected 41 species of 10 families using skimming nets and cast nets from 21 points during the investigation period. There were 7 Korean endemic species, or 17.1% in collected species, such as Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Acheilognathus gracilis, Scrcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Zacco koreanus, Coreoperca herzi, and Odontobutis interruta. There were 5 (12.2%) exotic species: Cyprinus carpio (fancy type), Carassius auratus (goldfish), Carassius cuvieri, Lepomis macrochirus, and Micropterus salmoides. The dominant species were Zacco platypus, Carassius auratus, Acheilognathus lanceolatus, Acheilognathus gracilis, and Oryzias sinensis. The Yangjae stream showed more stable fish community than other streams as it showed higher species diversity, and evenness and richness indices. Regarding the fish tolerance guild according to water quality, there were 3 (7.3%) sensitive species, 16 (39.0%) intermediate species, and 22 (56.7%) tolerant species. Twelve (29.3%) were insectivore species, 23 (56.1%) were omnivore species, and 6 (14.6%) were carnivore species, indicating the dominating presence of omnivore fish species.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bae, K.S., G.B. Kim, H.K. Kil, B.T. Yu and M.Y. Kim(2002) Long-term Changes of the Fish Fauna and Community Structure in the Jungrang Creek, Seoul, Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 35(2): 63-70. (in English with Korean abstract)
  2. Byeon, H.K.(2013) The Fish Fauna Changes and Characteristics Populations of Zacco koreanus in Cheonggye Stream after the Rehabilitation, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 27(3): 695-703. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2013.27.6.695
  3. Byeon, H.K.(2014) The Fish Fauna of Mt. Seongju. Korean J. Nature Conservation 12(1-2): 67-77. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.30960/kjnc.2014.12.1_2.67
  4. Byeon, H.K.(2015) Fluctuation of Introduced Fish and Characteristics of the Fish Community in Lake Soyang. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(3): 401-409. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.3.401
  5. Choi, J.K., C.R. Jang and H.K. Byeon(2011a) The Characteristic of Fish Fauna by Habitat Type and Population of Zacco platypus in the Tan Stream. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 25(1): 71-80. (in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Choi, J.K., C.R. Jang and H.K. Byeon(2011b) The Fish Fauna and Population of Zacco koreanus in the Upper Region of the Gapyeong Stream. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 25(1): 65-70. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Choi, J.K. and H.K. Byeon(1999) Fish Community in the Lower Course of Han River. Korean J. Limnol. 32(1): 49-57. (in Korean with English abstract)
  8. Choi, J.K., H.K. Byeon, Y.S. Kwon and Y.S. Park(2008) Spatial and Temporal Changes of Fish Community in the Cheonggye stream after the Rehabilitation Project. Korean J. Limnol. 41(3): 374-381. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Choi, J.W. and K.G. An(2008) Characteristics of Fish Compositions and Longitudinal Distribution in Yeongsan River watershed. Korean J. Limnol. 41(3): 301-310. (in Korean with English abstract)
  10. Choi, K.C., S.R. Jeon, I.S. Kim and Y.M. Son(2002) Coloured Illustrations of The Freshwater Fishes of Korea. Hyangmunsa Press Co. Seoul. 258pp. (In Korean)
  11. Cummins, K.W.(1962) An evalutation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Am. Midl. Nat. 67: 477-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422722
  12. Hellawell, J.M.(1986) Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environmental Management, Elsevier, London. pp. 146-178.
  13. Jeon, S.R. and K.Y. Kim(1972) A Study on the Fresh-Water in the Han River. R-72-81, Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea: 117-120. (in Korean with English abstract)
  14. Kang, S.H., H.G. Kim and B.H. Koo(2007) A Study on Changing of Flora Pre and Post of Restoration in Cheonggyechon Stream. J. Korean Env. Res. & Reveg. Tech. 10(3): 8-13. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Kim, H.M, S.H. Kim, J.R. Song and K.G. An(2015) Monitoring of Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus in Major Artificial Reservoirs, Korea. Proc. Korean Society of Environment Ecology and Conservation, 25: 89.
  16. Kim, I.S.(1997) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korean Vol. 37 Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education. pp. 133-520. (In Korean)
  17. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim(2005) Illustrated Book of Korean Fishes. Kyo-Hak. pp. 104-468. (In Korean)
  18. Kwater(2007) A Guidebook of River in South Korea. Kwater, Daejeon, 582pp. (In Korean)
  19. Lee, D.J., H.K. Byeon and J.K. Choi(2009) Characteristics of Fish Community in Gap Stream by Habitat Type. Korean J. Limnol. 42(3): 340-349. (in Korean with English abstract)
  20. Lee, H.G. and J.K. Choi(2015) The Characteristic of Fish Community Following the Restoration of Yangjae Stream. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 29(6): 873-883. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.6.873
  21. Lee, W.O., C.B. Gang, H.U. Park, C.M. Han, H.K. Byeon, J.G. Myeong, C.H. No, G.P. Hong, H.B. Song, B.S. Chae, G.H. Han, J.R. GO and Y.P. Hong(2003) The Intruduced Fishes of Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology. 128pp. (In Korean)
  22. Margalef, R.(1958) Information theory in ecology. Gen. Syst. 3: 36-7.
  23. McNaughton, S.J.(1967) Relationship among functional properties of california Grassland. Nature 216: 168-144.
  24. Ministry of Environment(2006-2013) The 3rd National Ecosystem Survey. (in Korean)
  25. Ministry of Environment(2017) Water ecosystem health investigation and assessment final report. National Institute of Environmental Research. (in Korean)
  26. Nelson. J.S.(2006) Fishes of the World(4rd ed). John Wiely & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 601pp.
  27. Park, S.D., S.S. Shin, H.Y. Aha, S.B. Ma and C.S. Hwang(2004) An Assessment of Ascending Functions of the Pool-and-Weir Fishway at Jamsil Weir in the Han River. Korean J. Water Resources Association 37(7): 541-552. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.7.541
  28. Pielou, E.C.(1969) Shannon's formula as a measure of specific diversity. The American Naturalist 1000: 463-465.
  29. Pielou, E.C.(1975) Ecological diversity. John Wiley, New York, 167pp.
  30. Ryu, T.H., Y.P. Kim, J.K. Kim and K.G. An(2010) Analysis of Ecological Health Using a Water Quality and Fish in Bocheong Stream. Korean J. Limnol. 43(2): 255-262. (in Korean with English abstract)
  31. SMG (Seoul Metropolitan Government)(2017) Investigation and research of Han River ecosystem (VIII). (In Korean)
  32. Son, Y.M. and H.K. Byeon(2005) The Ichthyofauna and Dynamics of the Fish Community in Miho Stream, Korea. Korean J. Limnol. 17(3): 271-278. (in Korean with English abstract)
  33. U.S.EPA(1993) Fish field and laboratory methods for evaluating the biological integrity of surface waters. EPA 600-R-92-111. Environmental Monitoring systems Laboratory-Cincinnati office of Modeling, Monitoring systems, and quality assurance Office of Research Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 4568.
  34. Yodo, T. and S. Kimura(1998) Feeding habits of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in lakes Shorenji and Nishinoko, central Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 64: 26-28. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.64.26