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Characteristic and Accuracy Analysis of Digital Elevation Data for 3D Spatial Modeling

3차원 공간 모델링을 위한 수치고도자료의 특징 및 정확도 분석

  • Lee, Keun-Wang (Department of the Multimedia Science, Chungwoon University) ;
  • Park, Joon-Kyu (Department of Civil Engineering, Seoil University)
  • 이근왕 (청운대학교 멀티미디어학과) ;
  • 박준규 (서일대학교 토목공학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.24
  • Accepted : 2018.11.02
  • Published : 2018.11.30

Abstract

Informatization and visualization technology for real space is a key technology for construction of geospatial information. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is a method of constructing geospatial information from data measured by various methods. The 3D laser scanner has been mainly used as a method for acquiring digital elevation data. On the other hand, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which has been attracting attention as a promising technology of the fourth industrial revolution, has been evaluated as a technology for obtaining fast geospatial information, and various studies are being carried out. However, there is a lack of evaluation on the quantitative work efficiency and data accuracy of the data construction technology for 3D geospatial modeling. In this study, various analyses were carried out on the characteristics, work processes, and accuracy of point cloud data acquired by a 3D laser scanner and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The 3D laser scanner and UAV were used to generate digital elevation data of the study area, and the characteristics were analyzed. Through evaluation of the accuracy, it was confirmed that digital elevation data from a 3D laser scanner and UAV show accuracy within a 10 cm maximum, and it is suggested that it can be used for spatial information construction. In the future, collecting 3D elevation data from a 3D laser scanner and UAV is expected to be utilized as an efficient geospatial information-construction method.

현실 공간에 대한 정보화와 시각화 기술은 공간정보 구축을 위한 주요한 기술이며, 3차원 공간 모델링은 다양한 방법으로 측정된 데이터로부터 공간정보를 구축하는 방법으로 최근 많은 관심을 받고 있는 분야이다. 수치고도자료를 취득하는 방법은 주로 3차원 레이저 스캐너가 이용되어 왔다. 한편, 최근 4차 산업혁명의 유망기술로 주목받고 있는 무인항공기는 빠른 공간정보 취득을 위한 획기적인 기술로 평가되고 있으며, 다양한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 하지만 3차원 공간 모델링을 위한 자료구축 기술의 정량적인 작업 효율성과 데이터의 정확도에 대한 평가는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 레이저 스캐너와 무인항공기로 취득되는 점군데이터의 특징, 작업공정, 정확도에 대한 다각적인 분석을 수행하였다. 3D 레이저 스캐너 및 무인항공기로 연구대상지의 수치고도자료를 생성하고, 분석을 통해 특징을 파악하였다. 정확도 평가를 통해 3D 레이저 스캐너 및 UAV에 의한 수치고도자료가 최대 10cm 이내의 정확도를 나타냄을 확인하였으며, 공간정보 구축에 활용이 가능함을 제시하였다. 향후, 3D 레이저 스캐너와 무인항공기에 의한 수치고도자료는 효율적인 공간정보 구축 방안으로 활용이 기대된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Study Flow

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Fig. 2. SX10

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Fig. 3. Scanning Data Acquisition and Processing

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Fig. 4. Digital Elevation Data by 3D Laser Scanner

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Fig. 5. Shaded areas of the 3D Laser Scanner

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Fig. 6. Check Points of 3D Laser Scanner Data

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Fig. 7. Phantom4 Pro

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Fig. 8. Data Processing Flow and Data Processing Screen

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Fig. 9. Ortho Image

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Fig. 10. Digital Elevation Data

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Fig. 11. Curvature of Digital Elevation Data by UAV

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Fig. 12. Check Points of UAV

Table 1. Work Process and Time by 3D Laser Scanner

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Table 2. Accuracy evaluation results of 3D Laser Scanner

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Table 3. Work Process and Time by 3D Laser Scanner

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Table 4. Accuracy evaluation results of UAV

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Table 5. Features and Accuracy of Pointcloud Data

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Table 6. Estimated Time of Data Acquisition and Processing by area

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