Fig. 1. Risk assessment
Fig. 2 Fire scenario for road tunnel only small car
Fig. 3. Societal risk criteria for countries
Fig. 4. Accident rate and frequency, return year according to scenario
Fig. 5. Societal risk assessment by distance between cross passage
Fig. 6. Optimal distance between cross passage according to tunnel length
Fig. 7. Risk comparison according to ventilation method
Table 1. Fire accidents rate for each vehicle
Table 2. Equivalent fatalities
Table 3. Expected value for each nation
Table 4. Model tunnel specification
Table 5. Traffics for model tunnel
Table 6. EV & IR according to interval between cross passages (tunnel length: 5000 m, slope: 1%)
Table 7. EV according to interval between cross passages (tunnel length: 5000 m, slope: 1%)
Table 7. Risk (EV and IR) comparison according to ventilation method (tunnel length: 5000 m, slope: 1%)
References
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