A study on the design and applicability of stereoscopic sign for improving the visibility of traffic sign in double-deck tunnel

복층터널 교통표지판 시인성 향상을 위한 입체표지판 설계 및 적용 가능성에 대한 연구

Abstract

In this study, in order to construct an eco-friendly advanced road transportation network, the multi-layer tunnel, which is a small-sized car road, is designed to have a height of less than 60 cm. However, the shape of the tunnel is low and the height of the traffic sign is small. In order to solve these problems, traffic sign characters were designed in three dimensions, and the possibility of applying the design of the three - dimensional sign that can obtain greater visibility than the existing signs at the same distance and the possibility verification through virtual simulation were performed. The three-dimensional sign is horizontally installed on the ceiling of the multi-layer tunnel. To be seen vertically, it is enlarged by a certain ratio by the perspective, and the width and height are enlarged. Respectively. In addition, 3D simulation was performed to verify the visibility of the stereoscopic signs when the driver ran through the stereoscopic sign design specifications. As a result of the design and experimental study, it was confirmed that the stereoscopic sign could be designed through the theoretical formula and that it could provide the driver with a larger traffic sign character because there is no limitation of the facility limit compared to the existing vertical traffic sign. Also, we confirmed that it can be implemented in the side wall by using the stereoscopic sign design principle installed on the ceiling part. It was confirmed that the design of the stereoscopic sign can be designed to be smaller as the distance that the driver visually recognizes the sperm is shorter, the height of the protrusion vertically at the lower part of the stereoscopic sign becomes higher. As a result of 3D simulation running experiment based on the design information of the stereoscopic sign, it was confirmed that the stereoscopic sign is visually the same as the vertical sign at the planned distance. Although the detailed research and institutional improvement of stereoscopic signs have not been made in Korea and abroad, it is evolved into a core technology of new road traffic facilities through various studies through the possibility of designing and applying stereoscopic signs developed through this study Expect.

본 연구에서는 도심지 친환경적 선진 도로교통망 구축을 위해 소형차 전용도로인 복층터널은 경제성을 확보하기 위해 소형차 전용도로 단면으로(최대 높이가 3.6 m) 시설한계고를 고려하여 터널 내 교통표지판은 60 cm 이하 높이로 설계되어야 한다. 하지만 터널의 시설한계고가 낮으며, 교통표지판 문자높이가 작아 운전자 시인성 감소로 인한 판단오류가 발생될 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 교통표지문자를 입체적으로 설계하여 동일한 거리에서 기존 표지판보다 더 큰 시인성을 확보할 수 있는 입체표지판의 설계적용 가능성 및 가상시뮬레이션을 통한 가능성 검증을 수행하였다. 입체표지판은 복층터널 천장부에 수평으로 설치되며, 수직으로 보이기 위해서는 원근에 의해 일정한 비율로 작아지는 만큼 폭과 높이를 확대시켜 일정거리에서 수직으로 보일 수 있도록 비례식에 의한 이론적인 계산으로 입체표지판 설계를 수행하였다. 또한 입체표지판 설계제원을 통하여 운전자가 주행하였을 때 입체표지판의 시인형태를 검증하기 위해 3D시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 설계 및 실험연구를 수행한 결과 입체표지판은 이론적인 공식을 통하여 설계가 가능하였으며, 기존 수직형 교통표지판 대비 시설 한계고 제약이 없기 때문에 더 큰 교통표지문자를 운전자에게 제공할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 천장부에 설치된 입체표지판 설계원리를 이용하면 측벽부에서도 구현이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 입체표지판 설계제원은 운전자가 정자로 시인되는 거리가 짧을수록 입체표지판 하부에 수직으로 돌출높이가 높을수록 사이즈를 작게 설계가 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 입체표지판 설계제원을 토대로 3D시뮬레이션 주행실험결과, 계획된 일정거리에서 운전자가 입체표지판이 수직표지판과 동일한 시인 효과가 나타난 것을 확인하였다. 아직 국내외적으로 입체표지판에 대한 세부적인 연구 및 제도적인 개선이 이루어지지 않았으나, 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 입체표지판에 대한 설계 및 적용가능성을 통한 여러 연구를 통하여 새로운 도로교통시설물의 핵심기술로 발전되길 기대한다.

Fig. 1. Korea transportation institute national transportation DB center statistics

Fig. 2. Underground road of France M30

Fig. 4. Underground road of Madrid M86 line in Spain

Fig. 3. Underground road of Sinjuku line in Japan

Fig. 5. SMART tunnel in Malaysia

Fig. 6. Underground toad of Seattle line in America

Fig. 8. Seoul metropolitan underground road plan

Fig. 9. Plan of underground road tunnel in Busan city

Fig. 7. Istanbul strait road tunnel in Turkey

Fig. 10. Drawing of cross section of double-deck tunnel planned NATM

Fig. 11. Drawing of cross section of double-deck tunnel planned shield

Fig. 12. Concept of stereoscopic traffic sign

Fig. 13. Shape of stereoscopic traffic sign

Fig. 15. Application example of stereoscopic sign marking of road design (Japan)

Fig. 16. Application example of stereoscopic sign marking on road and expressway (South Republic Korea)

Fig. 18. Arithmetic calculation for stereoscopic traffic sign design

Fig. 20. Drawing of cross section in road tunnel (Case 1)

Fig. 19. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 1)

Fig. 22. Floor plan applicated stereoscopic traffic sign(Case 1)

Fig. 21. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 1)

Fig. 23. Longitudinal tunnel section applicated stereoscopic traffic sign (Case 1)

Fig. 25. Drawing of cross section in road tunnel (Case 2)

Fig. 24. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 2)

Fig. 27. Floor plan applicated stereoscopic traffic sign (Case 2)

Fig. 26. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 2)

Fig. 28. Longitudinal tunnel section applicated stereoscopic traffic sign

Fig. 30. Drawing of cross section in road tunnel (Case 3)

Fig. 29. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 3)

Fig. 32. Drawing of cross section in road tunnel (Case 4)

Fig. 31. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 4)

Fig. 33. Design conditions for stereoscopic traffic sign

Fig. 34. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 3: height: 0.4 m, distance: 20 m)

Fig. 35. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 3: height: 0.0 m, distance: 40 m)

Fig. 36. Production height of three-dimensional traffic sign by visual distance and projecting height (Case 3)

Fig. 37. Production height of three-dimensional traffic sign by visual distance and projecting height (Case 4)

Fig. 38. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 5)

Fig. 40. Drawing of cross section in road tunnel (Case 5)

Fig. 41. Floor plan applicated stereoscopic traffic sign (Case 5)

Fig. 39. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 5)

Fig. 42. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 6)

Fig. 44. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 7)

Fig. 43. Vertical traffic signs for stereoscopic traffic sign(Case 7)

Fig. 45. Vertical traffic signs design (Case 8)

Fig. 46. Stereoscopic traffic sign design (Case 8)

Fig. 47. Simulation video of vertical traffic sign by distance (Case 6)

Fig. 48. Simulation video of vertical traffic sign by distance (Case 7)

Fig. 49. Simulation video of vertical traffic sign by distance (Case 8)

Fig. 14. Shape of stereoscopic traffic sign from a distance

Fig. 17. Stereoscopic traffic sign design process