Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Display Fatigue induced by HMD-based Virtual Reality Bicycle

HMD 기반 가상현실 자전거의 영상피로 분석

  • Kim, Sun-Uk (Department of Industrial Engineering, Dankook University) ;
  • Han, Seung Jo (Agency for Defense Development) ;
  • Koo, Kyo-Chan (Department of Industrial Engineering, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2017.01.31
  • Accepted : 2017.05.12
  • Published : 2017.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the display fatigue quantitatively when operating 2D and HMD-based 3D VR bicycles. Though it is generally accepted that the display fatigue induced by 3D VR is greater than that induced by 2D VR, there have been few studies which attempted to measure the display fatigue scientifically. The subjective degree of cybersickness and quantitative flicker fusion frequency (FFF) were measured in twenty subjects (Male 10, Female 10) before and after they operated 2D and 3D VR bicycles for 5 min. Two dependent variables affected by the 2D and 3D VR displays were analyzed and compared statistically based on scientific evidence and research. This study showed that 3D VR resulted in a significantly higher cybersickness rate and a significant lower FFF rate than 2D VR. Given the current propensity to couple VR techniques with exercise equipment, it seems appropriate to verify the general beliefs through scientific methods and experimental measures such as the FFF and cybersickness questionnaires.

본 논문의 목적은 자전거를 사용할 경우 제시되는 2D 영상과 비교하여 HMD기반의 3D VR 영상 유발하는 영상피로를 정성적으로 분석하는 것이다. 2D에 비해 3D 영상이 더 많은 영상피로를 유발할 것이라고 일반적으로 알려져 있었지만, 과학적으로 영상피로를 측정하고자 하는 연구는 많지 않았다. 20명의 20대 남 여가 2D와 HMD 기반의 3D VR 영상을 자전거 패달을 밟으면서 5분간 경험한 한 후, 경험 전과 후의 사이버 멀미(Cyversickness)와 Flicker Fusion Frequency(FFF)가 측정되었다. 경험 전과 후의 두 종속변수를 비교함으로써 정량적으로 3D VR 영상이 2D에 비해 어느 정도 영상피로를 발생시키는지를 이론적 고찰과 함께 과학적인 기기와 방법으로 측정하였다. 주관적인 척도인 사이버 멀미 증가율은 2D에 비해서 3D VR 영상에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, FFF 감소율도 3D VR 영상이 2D에 비해 높은 결과를 보였다. 본 연구는 VR 기술이 운동기구 등에 접목됨에 따라 일반적으로 3D VR 영상이 2D 영상에 비해 영상피로를 크게 유발함을 과학적인 방법과 객관적인 데이터로 증명했다는데 의의가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee, Y., "Problem of Definition on Mixed Reality and Its Alternative, and Relationship of Virtual/Augmented Reality", Journal of Korea Design Knowledge, vol. 34, pp. 193-202, 2015.
  2. http://press.trendforce.com/node/view/2210.html
  3. Kim, M., Kang, J., and Jun, M. S., "Market and Technical Trends of VR Technologies", Korea Journal of Contents, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 14-16. 2016.
  4. Park, S. I., Whang, M. C., and Kim, J. W., "Autonomic nervous systems response to affected by 3D visual fatigue evoked during watching 3D TV", Korea Society for Emotion and Sensitivity, vol. 14, no. 4. pp. 653-662, 2001.
  5. Han, S., "Quantitative analysis of display fatigue induced by 2D, 3D videos", The journal of digital convergence, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 329-335, 2016. DOI: http://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2016.14.3.329
  6. Kim, S., and Han, S., "The relationship between visual stress and MBTI personality types", The Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 4036-4044, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.9.4036
  7. Kang, H., Jang, Y., Kim, U., and Hong, H., "Study of the change of the fatigue and the visual function before and after viewing 2D and 3D movies", Korean Journal of Vision Science, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 121-133, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17337/JMBI.2016.18.2.121
  8. Kim, J., Son, J., Park, S., and Kwon, S., "Clinical consideration of visual fatigue on 3D images", The Journal of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 990-999, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38C.11.990
  9. Park, K. S., Choi, J. A., Kim, J. T., and Kim, S. S., "Relationship between scene movements and cybersickness", Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5143/JESK.2005.24.1.001
  10. Corr, P. J., and Kumari, V., "Sociability/Impulsivity and attenuated dopaminergic arousal: Critical flicker/fusion frequency and procedural learning", Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 805-815, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00279-6
  11. Corr, P. J., Pickering, A. D., and Gary, J. A., "Socialility/Impulsivity and caffeine-induced arousal: Critical flicker/fusion frequency and procedural learning", Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 713-730, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00001-M
  12. Lee, H., Jang, M., and Mah, K., "The visual effect resulting from visual reality", Korean Journal of Vision Science, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 153-162, 2010.
  13. Han, S., and Kim S., "The analysis of low back loading and muscle fatigue while lifting an asymmetric load", Journal of Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 30-36, 2012.
  14. Kim, T. G., Bae, S. H., and Kim, K. Y., "The effect of muscle activity on muscle architectural of medial gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patient based on ankle joint degree", The Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 3991-3998, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.9.3991
  15. Kwon, S., and Bang, E., "Study on 3D pictures and human facts: Comparison of 2D and 3D receptions by measuring brainwaves", 2012 Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction Korea, pp. 943-947, 2012.
  16. Jang, H. J., and Noh, K. Y., "An experimental study of stereoscopic image and fatigue effect for 3D video game: linking cerebral physiologic measure", Journal of Korea Game Society, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 5-18, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7583/JKGS.2013.13.3.5
  17. Lee, J., and Park, D., "Differential effects of 2D and 3D motion pictures on physical fatigue, recognition and arousal", Korean Society for Emotion and Sensitivity, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 621-634, 2010.
  18. Lawton, C. A., Charleston, S. L., and Zieles, A. S., "Individual and gender related differences in indoor wayfindings", Environment and Behavior, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 204-219, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916596282003
  19. O'Laughlin, E. M., and Brubaker, B. S., "Use of landmarks in cognitive mapping: gender differences in self report versus performance", Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 595-601, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00237-7
  20. Yoon, J. H., Lee, I., Kim, T., and Kim J., "Visual fatigue in watching 3 dimension television", J. Korean Oph. Opt. Soc., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 47-52, 2012.
  21. Wickens, C. D., Lee, J. D., Lie, Y., and Becher, S. E. G., An introduction to human factors engineering (2nd ed), pp. 367-378, Prentice Hall, 2004.
  22. Kim, J. I., "Research on the necessity of revision of product liability act", MS thesis, Kyunghee University, 2015.
  23. Kham, K., "The effect of individual differences on visual discomfort in watching 3D contents", The Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 213-220, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22172/cogbio.2016.28.1.011