Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Content Analysis of Life Science Area in Science Textbooks According to Korean Elementary Curriculum Change

한국 초등학교 교육과정 변천에 따른 과학 교과서 생명영역 내용분석

  • Received : 2016.01.25
  • Accepted : 2016.03.03
  • Published : 2016.04.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper was analyzing the contents of life science area in elementary science textbooks according to Korean science curricula change to get suggestions for the advancement of science curriculum. The framework of content analysis was developed by revising TIMSS 2015 life science evaluation framework. The results of this research were as follows: 'The differences of living things and non-living things appearing in the first grade mostly were not included in the 1st, the 6th and the 2009 revised curricula. Contents emphasizing rural life were appeared from 'Teaching themes period' to the 2nd curriculum period, disappeared from the 3rd curriculum period until the 2009 revised curriculum. Contagious disease was emphasized in all elementary grades in the 1st curriculum period, which reflected a social phenomena emphasizing health and hygiene after the Korean War. Mostly fungus was included until the 7th curriculum period and bacteria and virus were added from the 2007 revised curriculum period. The way of improving health was emphasized continuously.' The differences of living things and non-living things should be included in elementary science curriculum for the correct 'life' concept formation of elementary students. 'Strategies for helping the living of descendants' and 'the heredity of animal and plant' which were appeared in the lower grades, should be included at the higher grades with greater depth. The incoming elementary science textbooks also need to include science contents about evolution in greater depth, along with human health.

이 연구의 목적은 한국초등학교 과학교육과정 변천에 따른 과학교과서의 생명영역 내용을 분석 통하여 앞으로 과학교육 발전에 시사점을 제공하는데 있다. 연구 내용은 교수요목기부터 2009 개정 교육과정까지 초등학교 과학 교과서에 제시된 생명 영역의 단원을 대상으로 하여 교과서에 나타난 학습 내용의 포함 여부와 포함된 학년을 알아보았고, 학습내용의 구성 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 분석 방법은 TIMSS 2015 생명과학 분석틀 4학년과 8학년을 이용하여 우리나라 초등학교 교육과정에 맞게 수정 개발한 분석틀을 이용하여 분석하였다. 우리나라 초등학교 과학 교과서를 국제적 기준으로 볼 때, '생물의 특성'에 대한 하위 요소로 '생물과 무생물의 차이점'은 대부분 교육과정에서 1학년에 제시가 되었으나, 1차와 6차 교육과정, 특히 2009 개정 교육과정에서는 명시적으로 제시되지 않아서 학생들의 생명에 대한 정확한 개념을 이해할 수 있도록 구체적으로 제시할 필요가 있었다. '균류 세균의 특징과 분류'는 7차 교육과정까지 대체로 균류만 다루어졌고, 2007 개정 교육과정부터 세균과 바이러스에 대하여 제시되었다. '한살이, 생식과 환경'의 하위 요소로 '자손의 생존을 돕기 위한 전략'과 '동물과 식물의 유전'은 주로 저학년에 편성되어 기초적인 학습 내용만 있어서 고학년에서 심화된 학습 내용을 제시할 필요성이 있다고 보여진다. '생물의 특징'은 교수요목기에서 2차 교육과정까지 주로 농촌생활에 도움이 되는 학습 내용으로 제시되었으나, 3차 교육과정부터 삭제되고 주변의 생물들을 중심으로 학습 내용이 제시되었다. '건강'의 하위 요소로 '감염성 질병'은 1차 교육과정에서는 모든 학년에서 강조되어 다루어졌는데, 이는 한국전쟁 직후 보건 위생 문제가 교육과정에 반영되었음을 볼 수 있었다. '건강을 유지하는 방법'은 보건과 위생과 관련하여서 모든 교육과정에서 꾸준히 제시되었다. TIMSS에 맞추어 분석한 결과 우리나라 교과서가 국제적인 기준에 중심으로 볼 때, 개정 교육과정 과학교과서에는 유전과 진화와 관련된 학습 내용과 건강에 관한 학습 내용이 좀 더 심화하여 포함시켜야 할 것으로 보여진다.

Keywords

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