References
- Bagi Z. Mechanisms of coronary microvascular adaptation to obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009;297:556-567. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90817.2008
- Rosengren A, Skoog I, Gustafson D, Wilhelmsen L. Body mass index, other cardiovascular risk factors, and hospitalization for dementia. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:321-326. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.3.321
- World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 2000;894:1-253.
- Wang SY, Fukagawa N, Hossain M, Ooi WL. Longitudinal weight changes, length of survival, and energy requirements of long-term care residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:1189-1195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03768.x
- White H, Pieper C, Schmader K. The association of weight change in Alzheimer's disease with severity of disease and mortality: A longitudinal analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46:1223-1227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb04537.x
- White H, Pieper C, Schmader K, Fillenbaum G. Weight change in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:265-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb00912.x
- Volicer L, Frijters DH, van der Steen JT. Apathy and weight loss in nursing home residents: longitudinal study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013;14:417-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2012.12.004
- Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Budge M, Young J. Body mass index in midlife and late-life as a risk factor for dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Obes Rev 2011;12:426-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00825.x
- Burns JM, Johnson DK, Watts A, Swerdlow RH, Brooks WM. Reduced lean mass in early Alzheimer disease and its association with brain atrophy. Arch Neurol 2010;67:428-433.
- Buchman AS, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Shah RC, Evans DA, Bennett DA. Change in body mass index and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2005;65:892-897. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000176061.33817.90
- Atti AR, Palmer K, Volpato S, Winblad B, De Ronchi D, Fratiglioni L. Late-life body mass index and dementia incidence: nine-year follow-up data from the Kungsholmen Project. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:111-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01458.x
- Hughes TF, Borenstein AR, Schofield E, Wu Y, Larson EB. Association between late-life body mass index and dementia: The Kame Project. Neurology 2009;72:1741-1746. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a60a58
- Power BD, Alfonso H, Flicker L, Hankey GJ, Yeap BB, Almeida OP. Changes in body mass in later life and incident dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2013;25:467-478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212001834
- Tolppanen AM, Ngandu T, Kareholt I, Laatikainen T, Rusanen M, Soininen H, Kivipelto M. Midlife and late-life body mass index and late-life dementia: results from a prospective population-based cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2014;38:201-209.
- Cronk BB, Johnson DK, Burns JM; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Body mass index and cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2010;24:126-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181a6bf3f
- Besser LM, Gill DP, Monsell SE, Brenowitz W, Meranus DH, Kukull W, Gustafson DR. Body mass index, weight change, and clinical progression in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2014;28:36-43. https://doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0000000000000005
- Luchsinger JA, Patel B, Tang MX, Schupf N, Mayeux R. Measures of adiposity and dementia risk in elderly persons. Arch Neurol 2007;64:392-398. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.3.392
- Nourhashemi F, Deschamps V, Larrieu S, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Barberger-Gateau P. Body mass index and incidence of dementia: The PAQUID study. Neurology 2003;60:117-119. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000038910.46217.AA
- Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999;56:303-308. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.56.3.303
- Park JH, Kwon YC. Standardization of Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K) for Use in the Elderly. J Clin Psyhicatry 2012;73;1548-1554.
- Choi SH, Na DL, Lee BH, Hahm DS, Jeong JH, Yoon SJ, Hahn DS, Yoo KH, Ha CK, Han IW. Estimating the Validity of the Korean Version of Expanded Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR) Scale. J Korean Neurol Assoc 2001;19:585-591.
- Reisberg B, Ferris SH, de Leon MJ, Crook T. Global Deterioration Scale(GDS). Psychopharmacol Bull 1988;24:661-663.
- Guigoz Y, Lauque S, Vellas BJ. Identifying the elderly at risk for malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clin Geriatr Med 2002;18:737-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(02)00059-9
- Grundman M, Corey-Bloom J, Jernigan T, Archibald S, Thal LJ. Low body weight in Alzheimer's disease is associated with mesial temporal cortex atrophy. Neurology 1996;46:1585-1591. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.46.6.1585
- Gillette Guyonnet S, Abellan Van Kan G, Alix E, Andrieu S, Belmin J, Berrut G, Bonnefoy M, Brocker P, Constans T, Ferry M, Ghisolfi-Marque A, Girard L, Gonthier R, Guerin O, Hervy MP, Jouanny P, Laurain MC, Lechowski L, Nourhashemi F, Raynaud-Simon A, Ritz P, Roche J, Rolland Y, Salva T, Vellas B; International Academy on Nutrition and Aging Expert Group. IANA(International Academy on Nutrition and Aging) Expert Group: weight loss and Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2007;11:38-48.
- Barrett-Connor E, Elderstein S, Corey-Bloom J, Wiederholt W. Weight loss precedes dementia in community-dwelling older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 1998;2:113-114.
- Johnson DK, Wilkins CH, Morris JC. Accelerated weight loss may precede diagnosis in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2006;63:1312-1317. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.9.1312
- White HK, McConnell ES, Bales CW, Kuchibhatla M. A 6-month observational study of the relationship between weight loss and behavioral symptoms in institutionalized Alzheimer's disease subjects. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2004;5:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1525-8610(04)70061-4
- Faxen-Irving G, Fereshtehnejad SM, Falahati F, Cedergren L, Goranzon H, Wallman K, Garcia-Ptacek S, Eriksdotter M, Religa D. Body mass index in different dementia disorders: Results from the Swedish dementia quality registry(SveDem). Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2014;4:65-75. https://doi.org/10.1159/000360415
- Peters R, Peters J, Warner J, Beckett N, Bulpitt C. Alcohol, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly: a systematic review. Age Ageing 2008;37:505-512. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afn095
- Chen D, Luo W, Guo Z, Wu M, Zhou Z. The impact of interaction between alcohol consumption and obesity on incident hypertension. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015;49:728-732.
- Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Hanninen T, Laakso MP, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study. Neurology 2001;56:1683-1689. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.12.1683
- Yaffe K, Barrett-Connor E, Lin F, Grady D. Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch Neurology 2002;59:378-384.
- Fillit H, Nash DT, Rundek T, Zuckerman A. Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2008;6:100-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.06.004
- Gustafson D, Rothenberg E, Blennow K, Steen B, Skoog I. An 18-year follow-up of overweight and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1524-1528. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.13.1524
- Wang PN, Yang CL, Lin KN, Chen WT, Chwang LC, Liu HC. Weight loss, nutritional status and physical activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A controlled study. J Neurol 2004;251:314-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-004-0316-4
- Vetrivel KS, Thinakaran G. Amyloidogenic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein in intracellular compartments. Neurology 2006;66:69-73. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000192393.05850.ec
- Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ. Mechanisms of parkinson's disease linked to pathological alpha-synuclein: New targets for drug discovery. Neuron 2006;52:33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.026