Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기물자원화)

Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기성자원학회)
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Study on Characteristics of Chemical Properties and Microbial Flora of Organic Farming Soil in Korea

유기농 토양의 화학적 특성 및 미생물상 연구

  • Park, Kwang-Lai (Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Suga, Yuko (Central Region Agricultural Research Center, Division of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition) ;
  • Hong, Seung-Gil (Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Chorong (Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Ahn, Minsil (Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Seok-Cheol (Organic Agricultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Hashimoto, Tomoyoshi (Central Region Agricultural Research Center, Division of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition)
  • 박광래 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 스가 유코 (일본국립연구개발법인 농업.식품산업기술 총합연구기구 중앙농업연구센터) ;
  • 홍승길 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 이초롱 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 안민실 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 김석철 (국립농업과학원 농업환경부 유기농업과) ;
  • 하시모토 토모요시 (일본국립연구개발법인 농업.식품산업기술 총합연구기구 중앙농업연구센터)
  • Received : 2016.12.01
  • Accepted : 2016.12.07
  • Published : 2016.12.30
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Abstract

The objectives of this study was to investigate the difference between organic-farming and conventional-farming soils relatives to soil chemical properties and microbial flora. Fifteen soil sampling sites were chosen from the certified organic upland farm, considered with its location, crop and application of organic compost types. Soil chemical properties were analyzed by standard methods established by National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration. For the soil chemical properties, the values of pH were ranged from 4.5 to 7.3. The values of electrical conductivity (EC) in the sampling sites were below 2 dS/m of convention cultivation soil. For analyzing the microbial flora, the bacillus(16S rDNA) and cladothricosis(18S rDNA) were analyzed by using PCR-DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) in the soil of 15 sampling sites. Cluster analysis of biodiversity index was performed by using pattern of DGGE. DGGE patterns and clustering analysis of bacterial DNA from soil extracts revealed that the bacterial community was differentiated between less than 5 years and more than 5 years depending on the cultivation history. But there was no consistent tendency between cultivation history and regional trend in the case of molds. Therefore, it would be very effective to analyze bacterial clusters of organically cultivated soils in long - term cultivated soil for more than 5 years.

유기농 밭 토양의 특성을 파악하기 위해 유기농 인증을 받은 국내 15개 선도 농가를 선정하고, 밭 토양의 시료를 채취하여 유기농 인증토양에 대한 토양 이화학성 및 미생물상 조사를 실시하였다. 토양 이화학성중 pH는 4.9~7.3의 범위에서 변동하였다. 대부분의 작물은 6.0~7.0의 범위를 나타냈지만, 전남의 양파와 고구마 재배토양은 pH 4.5, 5.8의 산성을 나타내었으며, 경기의 마늘과 고추 그리고 전북의 대두 재배토양에서는 pH 7.2~7.3을 나타냈다. 이러한 토양의 알칼리화는 시용 자재에 의한 것으로 추정되었다. EC는 대부분의 조사 지역에서 관행 토양의 기준인 2 dS/m 보다 낮은 값을 보였지만, 일부 배추와 고구마 재배 토양에서는 3.9과 3.7을 나타냈다. 유효태 인산 함량은 재배 작물의 종류에 따라 크게 달라 관행 토양의 기준인 $300{\sim}500mg\;kg^{-1}$에서 크게 벗어난 $300{\sim}1,894mg\;kg^{-1}$을 나타내었다. 이것은 유기 재배 토양에는 화학 비료 대신 가축분 퇴비를 대량으로 시용하기 때문으로 추정되었다. 미생물 군집 구조 분석은 세균의 16S rDNA 및 사상균의 18S rDNA의 PCR-DGGE 분석을 실시하였다. DGGE 패턴에 기반 클러스터 분석 결과, 재배경력에 따라 5년 이하와 5년 이상으로 구분되어 재배이력이 길어질수록 토양 세균 군집이 차별화 되어 장기 유기농경지의 토양 특성 구분이 가능하였으나 사상균의 경우는 재배이력 및 지역별로 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 유기농경지의 미생물적 특성을 구분할 때 5년 이상된 장기재배 토양을 대상으로 세균의 군집분석을 실시하는 것이 매우 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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