Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society (기술혁신학회지)

Korea Technology Innovation Society (한국기술혁신학회)
권호 표지

A Study on Relation between Strategic Attributes of Technological Resources and Competitive Advantage: Empirical Analysis of VRIO Framework by Using Technology Evaluation Results of Technology Based SMEs

기술자원의 전략적 자원속성과 경쟁우위간의 관계에 관한 연구: 기술중소기업의 기술평가자료를 이용한 VRIO Framework의 실증분석

  • 송주영 (기술보증기금 국제협력실) ;
  • 성형석 (기술보증기금 리스크관리부)
  • Received : 2015.06.01
  • Accepted : 2015.09.05
  • Published : 2015.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The resource-based view (RBV) explains that the competitive advantage is mainly based on the resources which have strategic characteristics. Therefore, finding, developing and maintaining strategically valuable resources has been one of main research topics and a starting point in the corporate strategy structure in RBV. In this regards, attempts to recognize strategically valuable resources have been one of crucial issues in RBV researches. Especially, Barney's VRIO has been widely used as a practical tool for finding strategically valuable resources. However, empirical studies on VRIO framework's effectiveness have not been sufficiently implemented, and there has been no proven relation among the components of the VRIO so far. This is mainly because the concepts or definitions on core components of the VRIO - Value, Rareness, Inimitability, and Organization - are too comprehensively explained and measurements of each component cannot be easily quantified. Considering these, this paper presents empirical results of the relation between VRIO components and competitive advantage, and tests effectiveness of VRIO Framework with utilizing sufficient technology evaluation cases and financial statements of 2,252 technology based SMEs in Korea. As a result, the components of the VRIO have a positive influence on competitive advantage. The attributes of strategic resources - Value, Rareness, and Inimitability - have a statistically meaningful positive effect on organization, while organization has a positive effect on the competitive advantage serving as a parameter between the attributes of strategic resources and competitive advantage.

본 연구는 자원기반관점에 있어 경쟁우위의 원천이 산업의 구조적 특성에 있는 것이 아니라 기업이 보유한 자원의 전략적 성격에 따른다는 점에 착안하고 있다. 따라서 자원기반관점에서는 특정한 자원을 보유, 개발, 유지하고자 하는 의사결정이 전략의 중심에 자리 잡게 되며, 어떠한 자원이 전략적 자원인가를 선별해내는 것이 기업의 전략경영체계에서 가장 핵심적이며, 그 출발점이 되는 작업이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 전략적 자원의 속성을 정의하고 이를 판별하려는 시도는 자원기반관점에서 중요하게 다루어진 이슈 중의 하나로, 특히 Barney가 제시한 VRIO Framework는 전략적 자원을 판별하기 위한 도구로 실무적으로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 그러나 VRIO Framework는 이를 구성하고 있는 핵심요소(가치, 희소성, 모방난이도, 조직)의 개념이 지나치게 포괄적으로 설명되고 있으며, 계량화가 어려운 문제점 때문에 Framework의 유효성 검증과 관련한 실증연구가 충분히 이루어 지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 2,252개 국내 기술중소기업을 대상으로 실제 기술평가사례 및 재무자료를 이용해 기술자원의 전략적 자원속성과 경쟁우위의 관계를 바탕으로 VRIO Framework의 유효성을 구조방정식에 의한 모델분석을 통해 실증적으로 검증해 보았다. 그 결과 VRIO Framework에서 제시한 전략적 자원속성(가치, 희소성, 모방난이도)은 경쟁우위에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 조직역량은 경쟁우위에 다시 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 매개적 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 박노윤 (1998), "중소기업에서의 기술혁신과 영향요인의 관계", 중소기업연구, 20(2): 119-147.
  2. 방유성 (1997), "자원기초관점에 입각한 전략자원의 탐색", 인사조직연구, 5(1): 51-85.
  3. 방호열 (1999), "자원준거시각의 실증적 검증에 관한 논의", 전략경영연구, 2(1): 87-119.
  4. 서인덕.류동우.박태경 (2012), "조직역량과 전략적 네트워크가 경영성과에 미치는 영향 : 환경동태성의 조절효과", 기업가정신과 벤처연구, 15(1): 23-41.
  5. 성태경 (2002), "기업의 기술혁신 활동 결정요인 : 자원기반관점에서 본 탐색적 연구", 기술혁신연구, 10(2): 69-90.
  6. 성형석 (2010), "온오프라인 채널에서 지각된 품질이 서비스의 개인가치에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 유통연구, 15(3): 111-137.
  7. 성형석.한상린 (2010), "고객의 자기조절성향이 서비스 실패에 따른 부정적 감정과 고객반응에 미치는 영향", 한국마케팅저널, 12(2): 83-110.
  8. 이성수.박연진.강재원 (2013), "융합 미디어 사업자들의 자원 전략 유형과 모형특성에 관한 연구 : VRIO 분석을 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 20(3): 204-242.
  9. 홍순욱.조근태 (2009), "조직역량과 조직성과 : 한국과 미국 제조업 R&D 조직의 비교 연구", 기술혁신학회지, 12(4): 740-767.
  10. Barney, J. B. (1986a), "Organizational Culture: Can It Be a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage?", Academy of Management Review, 11: 656-665. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1986.4306261
  11. Barney, J. B. and Clark, D. N. (2007), Resource-Based Theory : Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, Oxford University Press.
  12. Barney, J. B. (1986b), "Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck and Business Strategy", Management Science, 32: 1512-1514.
  13. Barney, J. B. (1991), "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage", Journal of Management, 17(1): 99-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  14. Barney, J. B. (1995), "Looking Inside for Competitive Advantage", Academy of Management Executive, 9(4): 49-61.
  15. Barney, J. B. (1997), Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage , Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  16. Barney, J. B. (2002), Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, Reading, 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  17. Barney, J. B. and Hesterly, W. S. (2010), Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage: Concepts, 3rd Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  18. Bromiley, P. (2005), The Behavioral Foundations of Strategic Management, Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  19. Chawla, A. and Singh, J. P. (1998), "Organizational Environment and Performance of Research Groups - A typological analysis", Scientometirics, 43(3): 373-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02457405
  20. Collis, D. J. and Montgomery, C. A. (1995), "Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s", Harvard Business Review, 73(4): 118-128.
  21. Dierickx, I. and Cool, K. (1989), "Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage", Management Science, 25: 1504-1511.
  22. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Martin, J. A. (2000), "Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?", Strategic Manangement Journal, 21: 1105-1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E
  23. Grant, R. M. (1991), "The Resource-based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation", California Management Review, Spring: 114-135.
  24. Grant, R. M. (1996), "Toward a Knowledge-based Theory of the Firm", Strategic Management Journal, 17(Winter Special Issue): 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199602)17:2<109::AID-SMJ796>3.3.CO;2-G
  25. Guan, J. and Ma, N. (2003), "Innovative Capability and Export Performance of Chinese Firms", Technovation, 23(9): 737-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00013-5
  26. Hambric, D. (1987), "Top Management Teams: Key to Strategic Success", California Management Review, 30: 88-108. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165268
  27. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. (1990), "The Core Competence of the Corporation", Harvard Business Review, May-June: 79-91.
  28. Han, S. L., Sung, H. S. and Shim, H. S. (2014), "Antecedents and Performance Outcomes of Flexibility in Industrial Customer-supplier Relationships", Journal of Business Research, 67(10): 2115-2122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.04.020
  29. Itami, H. (1987), Mobilizing Invisible Assets, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  30. Kusunoki, K., Nonaka, I. and Nagata, A. (1998), "Organizational Capabilities in Product Development fo Japanese Firms: Conceptual Framework an Empirical Findings", Organization Science, 9(6): 699-718. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.6.699
  31. Lefebvre, E., Lefebvre, L. A. and Bourgault, M. (1998), "R&D-related Capabilities as Determinants of Export Performance", Small Business Economics, 10(4): 365-377. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007960431147
  32. Leonard-Barton, D. (1992), "Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development", Strategic Management Journal, 13(special issue): 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250131009
  33. Lin, C., Tsai, H. L., Wu, Y. J. and Kian, M. (2012), "A Fuzzy Quantitative VRIO-based Framework for Evaluating Organizational Activities", Management Decision, 50(8): 1396-1411. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211261999
  34. Lockett, A., Thompson, S., and Morgenstern, U. (2009), "The Development of the Resource-based View of the Firm: A Critical Appraisal", International Journal Of Management Reviews, 11(1): 9-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2008.00252.x
  35. Nelson, R. and Winter, S. (1982), An Revolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
  36. Newbert, S. L. (2008), "Value, Rareness, Competitive Advantage, and Performance: A Conceptual-level Empirical Investigation of the Resource-based View of the Firm", Strategic Management Journal, 29(7): 745-768. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.686
  37. Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995), The Knowledge-creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation, New York: Oxford University Press.
  38. Nunnally, J. C. (1967), Psycometric Theory, New York: McGraw Hill.
  39. Peteraf, M. A. and Barney, J. B. (2003), "Unraveling the Resource-based Triangle", Managerial and Decision Economics, 24: 309-323. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1126
  40. Preim, R. L. and Butler, J. E. (2001), "Is the Resources Based 'View' a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?", Academy of Management Review, 26(1): 22-40. https://doi.org/10.2307/259392
  41. Rumelt, R. (1984), Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm, Competitive Strategic Management, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 556-570.
  42. Schoenecker, T. and Swanson, L. (2002), "Indicator of Firm Technological Capability:Validity and Performance Implications", Engineering Management, 49(1): 46-44.
  43. Sher, P. J. and Yang, P. Y. (2005), "The Effects of Innovative Capabilities and R&D Clustering on Firm Performance: The Evidence of Taiwan's Semiconductor Industry", Technovation, 25(1): 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00068-3
  44. Souitaris, V. (2002), "Technological Trajectories as Moderator of Firm-level Determinants of Innovation", Research Policy, 31(6): 877-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00154-8
  45. Talaja, A. (2012), "Testing VRIN Framework: Resource Value and Rareness as Sources of Competitive Advantage and above Average Performance", Management: Journal Of Contemporary Management Issues, 17(2): 51-64.
  46. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997), "Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management", Strategic Management Review, 18: 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
  47. Zahra, S. A. and George, G. (2002), "Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extention", Academy of Management Review, 27: 185-203. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.6587995