DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Consideration of Landscape Change Estimation in Donggung-Palace and Wolji-pond of Shilla, Using Materials from Japanese Ruling Period

신라 동궁과 월지의 경관변화 추정에 관한 고찰

  • Ahn, Gye-Bog (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 안계복 (대구가톨릭대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2015.02.05
  • Accepted : 2015.03.27
  • Published : 2015.03.31

Abstract

After the great King Munmu constructed Donggung-palace and Wolji-pond in 674, original landscape could not be estimated due to lack of related materials for some 1,250 years until it was surveyed in 1922. Accordingly, the study, to estimate changes of Wolji-pond landscape more accurately, analyzed the study of Hara(1932) and pictures in the Japanese ruling period etc. - these had not been studied so far. The study results are as follows. As a result of comparing survey maps of 1922 and one of 1975, it was found that during 53 years, whole area excluding island showed eroded part by 2~4m, severely, there was mounding area which was lowered by 10m. And it was identified through survey map of 1922 and pictures of the 1950's that inside southern shore protection of the No. 1 construction site were many landscape-stones(景石) which can make imagine a hill; here was water path. Trace of such path etc. remained just before excavation. 2) The construction site No. 3 and 5 in peak shape were higher than construction site No. 1, 2, and 4. Accordingly, there is high possibility that construction stood on high stylobate. So it is wrong that construction site No. 3 and 5 are restored in same height as other construction sites. Comprehensive restoration basic plan made in 2012 was also wrong. As a result of estimating changes of landscape through pictures before excavation of Wolji-pond, the author could identify changes of landscape in mound area and pumice stones which showed much changes in drawing. The study has limit due to lack of space. But if more pictures can be analyzed, it could further help for estimating original landscape of Wolji-pond.

문무대왕이 674년에 동궁과 월지를 조성한 후, 1922년에 측량이 이루어지기까지 1249년 동안 어떻게 변형되었는지 자료가 없어 원형경관을 추정 할 수 없다. 그래서 본 연구는 월지 경관변화를 좀 더 심도 있게 추정하기 위하여 그동안 연구되지 않았던 Hara(1932)의 연구와 일제강점기의 사진 등을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1922년 측량도면과 1975년 측량도면을 비교해 본 결과 53년 동안, 섬을 제외한 월지 전 지역에서 2~4m가 낮아졌으며, 심한 곳은 10m나 낮아진 조산(造山)지역도 있었다. 제1 건물지 남쪽 호안에는 산을 연상시킬 만큼 많은 경석이 놓여 있었으며 이곳에 입수로가 있었음이 1922년 측량도면과 1950년대 사진자료를 통해 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 유구는 발굴 직전까지 남아 있었음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 건물지 3, 5는 건물지 1, 2, 4에 비해 봉우리 형상으로 더 높았다. 따라서 높은 기단 위에 건축물이 세워져 있었을 가능성이 매우 높으며, 현재와 같이 제 3, 5 건물지가 여타 건물지와 함께 같은 높이로 정비된 것은 잘못된 것이며, '경주 임해전지 조경정비계획(2009)'과 '종합정비기본계획(2012)'은 잘못된 것이다. 월지 발굴 이전의 사진을 통해 경관변화를 추정해 본 결과, 도면상에서 많은 변화가 있었던 조산 지역의 경관변화와 경석의 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이번 연구에서는 지면 관계상 제한적이었지만 좀 더 많은 사진자료를 분석한다면 월지 원형경관 추정에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn G. B.(2014). A Study on Landscape Restoration for the Donggung and Wolji-pond of Shilla Dynasty, Planed Conference of Academia Koreana, Keimyung University: 65-83.
  2. Gyeongju-city(2009). Landscape Rearrangement Plan of Imhaejeon in Gyeongju(慶州 臨海殿址 造景整備計劃).
  3. Korea National University of Cultural Heritage(2012), Comprehensive Rearrangement Master Plan of Donggung-Palace and Wolji-pond in Gyeongju(慶州 東宮과 月池綜合整備基本計劃).
  4. Hara H.(1932), The Imhaejeon-Garden of Shilla Dynasty on Joseon, Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 3(2): 98-108. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.3.98
  5. Cultural Heritage Management Bureau(1978), An Excavation Report of the Anapji-pond.
  6. Ahn G. B.(2011). A Study on Landscape Restoration for the Donggung of Shilla Dynasty, International Symposium for Korea, China and Japan about Donggung and Wolji-pond in Gyeongju:
  7. The Joseon Government General(1916), Joseongojeokdobo(朝鮮古蹟圖譜) 4.
  8. The Joseon Government General(1933), The Investigations of Life Conditions 7.
  9. Gyeongju Heritage Sites Preservation Society(慶州古蹟保存會1937), A Guidebook of Historical Place in Gyeongju(新羅舊都 慶州古蹟案內)