DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Sports Game Outcomes on Spectators' Ad Recall and the Moderating Role of Suspense

스포츠경기 결과가 광고효과에 미치는 영향과 서스펜스의 조절효과

  • Received : 2014.11.19
  • Accepted : 2015.04.09
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of sports game outcomes on spectators' Ad recall, and the sports game induced suspense was also investigated for its moderating effects between the variables. On the day after the 2012 London Olympic soccer games, university students (N=257) from the Busan area completed questionnaires and MANOVA was utilized for data analysis. Results of this study revealed that outcome of sports game have significant effects on recall of both brand name and contents which aired during a halftime break. In addition, significant moderating effects of sports game induced suspense were found on brand name and contents recall. Based on the results, some suggestions for marketing practitioners are discussed and future research directions are outlined.

본 연구의 목적은 텔레비전을 통해 중계되는 스포츠 경기의 결과가 중간광고 회상에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 스포츠 경기로 인해 유발되는 서스펜스의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2012 런던 올림픽에서 축구 경기를 시청한 257명의 시청자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 경기결과(패배/무승부)와 서스펜스(고/저)에 따른 광고회상에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 경기의 결과는 광고회상에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 시청자들이 지지하는 팀이 경기에서 패배한 경우에는 무승부일 때보다 광고회상이 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 스포츠 경기가 유발하는 서스펜스가 낮은 경우에는 경기결과에 따른 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었으나, 서스펜스가 높은 경우에는 경기결과가 무승부일 때 서스펜스가 낮은 경우 보다 광고회상이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결론에서는 연구결과 요약 및 시사점, 그리고 향후연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. P. Gardner, "Mood States and Consumer Behavior: A Critical Review", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 12, No. December, pp. 281-300. 1985. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/208516
  2. M. B. Holbrook, and J. O'Shaughnessy, "The Role of Emotion in Advertising", Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 45-64. 1984. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220010206
  3. S. O. Weun, S. Shin, "The Effects of Favored Team Participation and Enjoyment of Sports Games on Ad Recall and the Moderating Role of Need for Cognition", Korean Management Review, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 1057-1077, 2012.
  4. K. R. Lord, R. E. Burnkrant, H. R. Unnava, "The Effects of Program-Induced Mood States on Memory for Commercial Information", Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1-15, 2001. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2001.10505110
  5. J. Bryant, P. Comisky, D. Zillmann, "Drama in Sports Commentary", Journal of Communication, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 140-149, 1977. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb02140.x
  6. A. A. Raney, "Enjoyment of Sports Spectatorship", in J. Bryant, D. Roskos-Ewoldsen, J. Cantor (Eds.), Communication and Emotion: Essays in Honor of Dolf Zillmann, pp. 397-416, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2003.
  7. M. A. Pavelchak, J. H. Antil, J. M. Munch, "The Super Bowl: An Investigation into the Relationship Among Program Context, Emotional Experience, and Ad Recall", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 15, No. December, pp. 360-367, 1988. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209172
  8. M. E. Goldberg, G. J. Gorn, "Happy and Sad TV Programs: How They Affect Reactions to Commercials", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 18, No. December, pp. 387-403, 1987. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209122
  9. J. N. Axelrod, "Induced moods and attitudes toward products", Journal of Advertising Research Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 19-24, 1963.
  10. C. Gouaux, "Induced Affective States and Interpersonal Attraction", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 20, pp. 37-43, 1971. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0031697
  11. M. S. Clark, "A Role for Arousal in the Link between Feeling States, Judgments, and Behavior", Affect and Cognition: 17th Annual Carnegie Mellon Symposium on Cognition. Psychology Press, 2014.
  12. C. E. Izard, (Ed), Human emotions, New York: Plenum Press, 1977. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2209-0
  13. R. W. Mizerski, J. D. White, "Understanding and Using Emotions in Advertising", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 57-69, 1986. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb008180
  14. T. Hartmann, D. Stuke, G. Daschmann, "Positive Parasocial Relationships with Drivers Affect Suspense in Racing Sport Spectators", Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 24-34, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.1.24
  15. E. R. Hirt D. Zillmann, G. A. Erickson, C. Kennedy, "Costs and Benefits of Allegiance: Changes in Fans' Self-ascribed Competencies after Team Victory versus Defeat", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 724-738, 1992. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.5.724
  16. S. Knobloch-Westerwick, K. Caterina, "Mystery Appeal: Effects of Uncertainty and Resolution on the Enjoyment of Mystery." Media Psychology, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 193-212, 2006. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0803_1
  17. S. Knobloch-Westerwick, K. Caterina, "Thrilling News: Factors Generating Suspense during News Exposure", Media Psychology, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 193-210, 2007. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213260709336809
  18. N. Carroll, "The Paradox of Suspense", In P. Vorderer, H. J. Wulff and M. Friedrichsen (Eds., Suspense: Conceptualizations, Theoretical Analyses, and Empirical Explorations, pp. 71-91, Mahwa, NJ: Erlbaum.
  19. D. Zillmann, "The Anatomy of Suspense", In P. H. Tannenbaum (Ed.), The entertainment function of television, pp. 133-163, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1980.
  20. R. Madrigal, C. Bee, J. Chen, M. LaBarge, "The Effect of Suspense on Enjoyment Following a Desirable Outcome: The Mediating Role of Relief", Media Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 259-288, 2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2011.596469
  21. J. Bryant, A. A. Raney, "Sports on the Screen", In D. Zillmann and P. Vorderer(Eds.), Media entertainment: The psychology of its appeal, pp. 153-174, Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2000.
  22. D. Zillmann, "The Logic of Suspense and Mystery", In J. Bryant and D. Zillmann(Eds.), Responding to the screen: Reception and reaction processes 7, pp. 281-303, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 1991.
  23. C. Bartholomew, "The Man in the Closet." In A. S. Burack(Ed.), Writing suspense and mystery fiction, pp. 21-26, Boston: The Writer Inc, 1977.
  24. B. David. K. Thompson, J. Ashton, Film Art: An introduction, Vol. 7. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
  25. M. de Wied, E. S. Tan, N. H. Frijda, "Duration Experience Under Conditions of Suspense in Films", In F. Macar, V. Pouthas, W. J. Friedman(Eds.), Time, action and cognition: Towards bridging the gap, pp. 325-336, Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1992. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3536-0_33
  26. E. Thorson, M. Friestad, "The Effects on Emotion on Episodic Memory for Television Commercials", In P. Cafferata, A. Tybout(Eds.), Advances in Consumer Psychology, pp. 131-136, Lexington, MA: Lexington, 1985.
  27. M. P. Gardner, "Effects of Mood States on Consumer Information Processing", Research in Consumer Behavior, Vol. 2 pp. 113-135, 1987.
  28. J. A. Edell,, M. C. Burke, "The Power of Feelings in Understanding Advertising Effects", Journal of Consumer research, Vol. 14, No. December, pp. 421-433, 1987. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209124
  29. S. Knobloch-Westerwick,, P. David, M. S. Eastin, R. Tamborini, D. Greenwood, "Sports Spectators' Suspense: Affect and Uncertainty in Sports Entertainment", Journal of Communication, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 750-767, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01456.x
  30. C. P. Haugtvedt, R. E. Petty, J. T. Cacioppo, "Need for Cognition and Advertising: Understanding the Role of Personality Variables in Consumer Behavior", Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 239-260, 1992. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0103_03