ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Symbiotic Dynamic Memory Balancing for Virtual Machines in Smart TV Systems

  • Kim, Junghoon (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kim, Taehun (System Operations Center, Naver Business Platform) ;
  • Min, Changwoo (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jun, Hyung Kook (SW.Content Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Lee, Soo Hyung (SW.Content Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Kim, Won-Tae (SW.Content Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Eom, Young Ik (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2014.01.29
  • Accepted : 2014.05.29
  • Published : 2014.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Smart TV is expected to bring cloud services based on virtualization technologies to the home environment with hardware and software support. Although most physical resources can be shared among virtual machines (VMs) using a time sharing approach, allocating the proper amount of memory to VMs is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism to dynamically balance the memory allocation among VMs in virtualized Smart TV systems. In contrast to previous studies, where a virtual machine monitor (VMM) is solely responsible for estimating the working set size, our mechanism is symbiotic. Each VM periodically reports its memory usage pattern to the VMM. The VMM then predicts the future memory demand of each VM and rebalances the memory allocation among the VMs when necessary. Experimental results show that our mechanism improves performance by up to 18.28 times and reduces expensive memory swapping by up to 99.73% with negligible overheads (0.05% on average).

Keywords

References

  1. M.A. Brahmia, A. Abouaissa, and P. Lorenz, "Improving IPTV Forwarding Mechanism in IEEE 802.16j MMR Networks Based on Aggregation," ETRI J., vol. 35, no. 2, Apr. 2013, pp. 234-244.
  2. M.R. Cabrer et al., "Controlling the Smart Home from TV," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 52, no. 2, May 2006, pp. 421-429. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2006.1649659
  3. K.S. Cho, H.W. Lee, and W. Ryu, "Service Trends and Prospect on Smart TV," Electron. Telecommun. Trends, vol. 26, no. 4, Aug. 2011, pp. 1-13.
  4. ARM Architecture Group, ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore Processor, ARM, 2011. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0438i/CHDCHAED.html
  5. J.-Y. Hwnag et al., "Xen on ARM: System Virtualization Using Xen Hypervisor for ARM-Based Secure Mobile Phones," IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf., Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 10-12, 2008, pp. 257-261.
  6. G. Heiser, "Hypervisor for Consumer Electronics," IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf., Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 10-13, 2009, pp. 1-5.
  7. K. Barr et al., "The VMware Mobile Virtualization Platform: Is that a Hypervisor in Your Pocket?," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 44, no. 4, Dec. 2010, pp. 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1145/1899928.1899945
  8. P. Varanasi and G. Heiser, "Hardware-Supported Virtualization on ARM," presented at the Proc. Asia-Pacific Workshop Syst., Shanghai, China, July 11-12, 2011.
  9. J. Perello, P. Pavon-Marino, and S. Spadaro, "Cost-Efficient Virtual Optical Network Embedding for Manageable Inter-Data-Center Connectivity," ETRI J., vol. 35, no. 1, Feb. 2013, pp. 142-145. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.13.0212.0271
  10. W. Zhao, Z. Wang, and Y. Luo, "Dynamic Memory Balancing for Virtual Machines," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 43, no. 3, July 2009, pp. 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1145/1618525.1618530
  11. C. Min et al., "VMMB: Virtual Machine Memory Balancing for Unmodified Operating Systems," J. Grid Comput., vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2012, pp. 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-012-9209-4
  12. C.A. Waldspurger, "Memory Resource Management in VMware ESX Server," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 36, no. SI, 2002, pp. 181-194. https://doi.org/10.1145/844128.844146
  13. S.T. Jones, A.C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and R.H. Arpaci-Dusseau, "Geiger: Monitoring the Buffer Cache in a Virtual Machine Environment," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 40, no. 5, Dec. 2006, pp. 14-24.
  14. P. Lu and K. Shen, "Virtual Machine Memory Access Tracing with Hypervisor Exclusive Cache," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., Santa Clara, CA, USA, June 17-22, 2007, pp. 29-43.
  15. R.L. Mattson et al., "Evaluation Techniques for Storage Hierarchies," IBM Syst. J., vol. 9, no. 2, June 1970, pp. 78-117. https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.92.0078
  16. K. Adams and O. Agesen, "A Comparison of Software and Hardware Techniques for x86 Virtualization," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 40, no. 5, Dec. 2006, pp. 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1145/1168917.1168860
  17. A. Landau, M. Ben-Yehuda, and A. Gordon, "SplitX: Split Guest/Hypervisor Execution on Multicore," USENIX Workshop I/O Virtualization, Portland, OR, USA, June 14-17, 2011, pp. 1-7.
  18. O. Agesen et al., "Software Techniques for Avoiding Hardware Virtualization Exits," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., Boston, MA, USA, June 13-15, 2012, pp. 373-386.
  19. N. Har'El et al., "Efficient and Scalable Paravirtual I/O System," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., San Jose, CA, USA, June 26-28, 2013, pp. 231-242.
  20. J.S. Hunter, "The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average," J. Quality Technol., vol. 18, no. 4, Oct. 1986, pp. 203-207.
  21. XBMC Media Center. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://xbmc.org
  22. YouTube. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://www.youtube.com
  23. Nexuiz. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://www.nexuiz.com
  24. A. Kivity et al., "KVM: The Linux Virtual Machine Monitor," Linux Symp., Ottawa, Canada, June 27-30, 2007, pp. 225-230.
  25. SPEC CPU2000. Accessed Jane 25, 2014. http://www.spec.org/cpu2000/
  26. SPEC CPU2006. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://www.spec.org/cpu2006/
  27. T.M. Wong and J. Wilkes, "My Cache or Yours? Making Storage More Exclusive," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., Monterey, CA, USA, June 10-15, 2002, pp. 161-175.
  28. Z. Chen, Y. Zhou, and K. Li, "Eviction-Based Cache Placement for Storage Caches," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., San Antonio, TX, USA, June 9-14, 2003, pp. 269-282.
  29. T.-I. Salomie et al., "Application-Level Ballooning for Efficient Server Consolidation," European Conf. Comput. Syst., Prague, Czech Republic, Apr. 14-17, 2013, pp. 337-350.
  30. K. Arya, Y. Baskakov, and A. Garthwaite, "Tesseract: Reconciling Guest I/O and Hypervisor Swapping in a VM," ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Conf. Virtual Execution Environments, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Mar. 1-2, 2014, pp. 15-28.
  31. N. Amit, D. Tsafrir, and A. Schuster, "VSWAPPER: A Memory Swapper for Virtualized Environments," ACM Conf. Archit. Support Programming Languages Operating Syst., Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Mar. 1-5, 2014, pp. 349-366.