Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.14.2214.0038

Symbiotic Dynamic Memory Balancing for Virtual Machines in Smart TV Systems  

Kim, Junghoon (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Kim, Taehun (System Operations Center, Naver Business Platform)
Min, Changwoo (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Jun, Hyung Kook (SW.Content Research Laboratory, ETRI)
Lee, Soo Hyung (SW.Content Research Laboratory, ETRI)
Kim, Won-Tae (SW.Content Research Laboratory, ETRI)
Eom, Young Ik (College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
Publication Information
ETRI Journal / v.36, no.5, 2014 , pp. 741-751 More about this Journal
Abstract
Smart TV is expected to bring cloud services based on virtualization technologies to the home environment with hardware and software support. Although most physical resources can be shared among virtual machines (VMs) using a time sharing approach, allocating the proper amount of memory to VMs is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism to dynamically balance the memory allocation among VMs in virtualized Smart TV systems. In contrast to previous studies, where a virtual machine monitor (VMM) is solely responsible for estimating the working set size, our mechanism is symbiotic. Each VM periodically reports its memory usage pattern to the VMM. The VMM then predicts the future memory demand of each VM and rebalances the memory allocation among the VMs when necessary. Experimental results show that our mechanism improves performance by up to 18.28 times and reduces expensive memory swapping by up to 99.73% with negligible overheads (0.05% on average).
Keywords
Smart TV system; virtual machine; memory balancing; semantic gap; memory swapping;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 ARM Architecture Group, ARM Cortex-A15 MPCore Processor, ARM, 2011. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0438i/CHDCHAED.html
2 M.A. Brahmia, A. Abouaissa, and P. Lorenz, "Improving IPTV Forwarding Mechanism in IEEE 802.16j MMR Networks Based on Aggregation," ETRI J., vol. 35, no. 2, Apr. 2013, pp. 234-244.
3 M.R. Cabrer et al., "Controlling the Smart Home from TV," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 52, no. 2, May 2006, pp. 421-429.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 K.S. Cho, H.W. Lee, and W. Ryu, "Service Trends and Prospect on Smart TV," Electron. Telecommun. Trends, vol. 26, no. 4, Aug. 2011, pp. 1-13.
5 J.-Y. Hwnag et al., "Xen on ARM: System Virtualization Using Xen Hypervisor for ARM-Based Secure Mobile Phones," IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf., Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 10-12, 2008, pp. 257-261.
6 G. Heiser, "Hypervisor for Consumer Electronics," IEEE Consum. Commun. Netw. Conf., Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jan. 10-13, 2009, pp. 1-5.
7 K. Barr et al., "The VMware Mobile Virtualization Platform: Is that a Hypervisor in Your Pocket?," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 44, no. 4, Dec. 2010, pp. 124-135.   DOI
8 P. Varanasi and G. Heiser, "Hardware-Supported Virtualization on ARM," presented at the Proc. Asia-Pacific Workshop Syst., Shanghai, China, July 11-12, 2011.
9 J. Perello, P. Pavon-Marino, and S. Spadaro, "Cost-Efficient Virtual Optical Network Embedding for Manageable Inter-Data-Center Connectivity," ETRI J., vol. 35, no. 1, Feb. 2013, pp. 142-145.   DOI
10 W. Zhao, Z. Wang, and Y. Luo, "Dynamic Memory Balancing for Virtual Machines," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 43, no. 3, July 2009, pp. 37-47.   DOI
11 C. Min et al., "VMMB: Virtual Machine Memory Balancing for Unmodified Operating Systems," J. Grid Comput., vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2012, pp. 69-84.   DOI
12 C.A. Waldspurger, "Memory Resource Management in VMware ESX Server," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 36, no. SI, 2002, pp. 181-194.   DOI
13 K. Adams and O. Agesen, "A Comparison of Software and Hardware Techniques for x86 Virtualization," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 40, no. 5, Dec. 2006, pp. 2-13.   DOI
14 S.T. Jones, A.C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and R.H. Arpaci-Dusseau, "Geiger: Monitoring the Buffer Cache in a Virtual Machine Environment," ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst. Rev., vol. 40, no. 5, Dec. 2006, pp. 14-24.
15 P. Lu and K. Shen, "Virtual Machine Memory Access Tracing with Hypervisor Exclusive Cache," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., Santa Clara, CA, USA, June 17-22, 2007, pp. 29-43.
16 R.L. Mattson et al., "Evaluation Techniques for Storage Hierarchies," IBM Syst. J., vol. 9, no. 2, June 1970, pp. 78-117.   DOI
17 A. Landau, M. Ben-Yehuda, and A. Gordon, "SplitX: Split Guest/Hypervisor Execution on Multicore," USENIX Workshop I/O Virtualization, Portland, OR, USA, June 14-17, 2011, pp. 1-7.
18 O. Agesen et al., "Software Techniques for Avoiding Hardware Virtualization Exits," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., Boston, MA, USA, June 13-15, 2012, pp. 373-386.
19 N. Har'El et al., "Efficient and Scalable Paravirtual I/O System," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., San Jose, CA, USA, June 26-28, 2013, pp. 231-242.
20 J.S. Hunter, "The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average," J. Quality Technol., vol. 18, no. 4, Oct. 1986, pp. 203-207.
21 XBMC Media Center. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://xbmc.org
22 YouTube. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://www.youtube.com
23 SPEC CPU2006. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://www.spec.org/cpu2006/
24 Nexuiz. Accessed Jan. 25, 2014. http://www.nexuiz.com
25 A. Kivity et al., "KVM: The Linux Virtual Machine Monitor," Linux Symp., Ottawa, Canada, June 27-30, 2007, pp. 225-230.
26 SPEC CPU2000. Accessed Jane 25, 2014. http://www.spec.org/cpu2000/
27 T.M. Wong and J. Wilkes, "My Cache or Yours? Making Storage More Exclusive," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., Monterey, CA, USA, June 10-15, 2002, pp. 161-175.
28 Z. Chen, Y. Zhou, and K. Li, "Eviction-Based Cache Placement for Storage Caches," USENIX Annual Techn. Conf., San Antonio, TX, USA, June 9-14, 2003, pp. 269-282.
29 K. Arya, Y. Baskakov, and A. Garthwaite, "Tesseract: Reconciling Guest I/O and Hypervisor Swapping in a VM," ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Conf. Virtual Execution Environments, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Mar. 1-2, 2014, pp. 15-28.
30 T.-I. Salomie et al., "Application-Level Ballooning for Efficient Server Consolidation," European Conf. Comput. Syst., Prague, Czech Republic, Apr. 14-17, 2013, pp. 337-350.
31 N. Amit, D. Tsafrir, and A. Schuster, "VSWAPPER: A Memory Swapper for Virtualized Environments," ACM Conf. Archit. Support Programming Languages Operating Syst., Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Mar. 1-5, 2014, pp. 349-366.