DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Estimation of Fugitive Emission Factors of HFC-134a from Scrap Cold Drinking Vending Machine at Use- and Disposal-Phase

음료용 폐자동판매기에서의 HFC-134a 사용 및 폐기단계 탈루배출계수 결정에 대한 연구

  • Lee, Youngphyo (Research Center for Climate Change, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, Eui-Kun (Research Center for Climate Change, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, Seungdo (Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University) ;
  • Byun, Seokho (Research Center for Climate Change, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, Hyerim (Research Center for Climate Change, Hallym University) ;
  • Park, Junho (Research Center for Climate Change, Hallym University) ;
  • Lee, Dongwon (Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea)
  • 이영표 (한림대학교 기후변화연구센터) ;
  • 김의건 (한림대학교 기후변화연구센터) ;
  • 김승도 (한림대학교 환경생명공학과) ;
  • 변석호 (한림대학교 기후변화연구센터) ;
  • 김혜림 (한림대학교 기후변화연구센터) ;
  • 박준호 (한림대학교 기후변화연구센터) ;
  • 이동원 (온실가스종합정보센터)
  • Received : 2012.12.06
  • Accepted : 2012.05.06
  • Published : 2013.05.30

Abstract

Little information is available for emission pathway even if HFC-134a that is known as one of the major greenhouse gases has been broadly used in Korea. This paper attempts to clarify the emission characteristics of HFC-134a used for refrigerant of cold drinking vending machines (CDVMs) at the use- and disposal-phase. We measured the residual amounts in the scrap CDVMs of 47 by applying commercial recover for refrigerant. The first-order kinetic model was introduced and the emission rate would be proportional to the remaining quantity of refrigerant. The emission factor at the use-phase was determined indirectly to be $6.9{\pm}0.7$ %/yr within a confidence interval of 95%, using information on residual amount and elapsed operation time at the disposal point. Correspondingly, the annual emission rate of HFC-134a per CDVM was determined to be 11.6 g. The average residual rate of HFC-134a in scrap CDVMs was assessed to be $62.5{\pm}2.2%$, leading to a potential emission amount of 144.8 g per scrap CDVM. The chemical compositions of refrigerants from scrap passenger vehicles are quite similar to those of new refrigerants, suggesting that the refrigerants from scrap passenger vehicles could be reused. During the recovering process of refrigerant, the recovered refrigerant was contaminated by compressor lubricant that accounted for about 30% in weight. It is necessary to separate the refrigerant from the recovered material contaminated by lubricant for recycling and reuse the refrigerant.

본 연구는 음료용 자동판매기의 냉매인 HFC-134a의 사용 및 폐기단계 탈루배출특성을 파악코자 하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 국내 제품인 음료용 폐자동판매기 47대의 HFC-134a 냉매를 상업용 냉매 회수기를 사용 회수하였고, 잔류량을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 사용단계 탈루배출모델은 1차 동역학에 기초한 것으로 탈루율은 잔류 냉매 압력 즉 잔류량에 비례한다는 가정을 도입 적용하였다. 음료용 폐자동판매기의 배출시점에서의 잔류량과 사용기간 정보를 활용하여 탈루배출계수를 간접적으로 $6.9{\pm}0.7$ %/yr으로 결정하였고 이는 1대당 연간 11.6 g의 HFC-134a가 배출되는 것에 해당된다. 한편 음료용 폐자동판매기 냉매 평균 잔류율은 $62.5{\pm}2.2%$이었으며, 이는 1대당 잠재 탈루량을 144.8 g으로 결정할 수 있다. 음료용 자동판매기에서 회수한 폐냉매 성분 분석 결과가 신냉매와 거의 유사하여 폐냉매의 재사용이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다. 그러나 냉매회수 과정에서 압축기 오일이 30% 정도 포함되기 때문에 냉매 재사용을 위해서는 오일 분리가 필요하다.

Keywords

References

  1. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), "IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories," 3, pp. 7.80-7.92(2006).
  2. Korea Vending Machine Manufacture's Association, "Domestic Statistics of Vending Machine by year"(2008).
  3. Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea, "Development of Management Policies of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Generated during the Recycling Processes of Waste Facilities"(2011).
  4. Kim, S. D., Kim, Suna, and Kim, E.-K., Development of Fugitive Emission Model of HFC-134a from Mobile Air Conditioner of Passenger Automobiles, 28(5), 518-526(2012). https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2012.28.5.518
  5. Kim, S. D., Kim, E. K. and Kim, H. R., Lee, Y. P., Park, J. H., Byun, S. H., Seo, H. J. and Lee, S. H., "Estimation of Emission Factor (Residual Rate) and Inventory of HFC-134a from Mobile Air Conditioners of Scrap Vehicles," 29(7), 650-661(2012).
  6. Yellow Jacket Aitchie Engineering, www.yellowjacket.com
  7. Kim, S. D., Kim, E.-K. and Kim, H. R., Lee, Y. P., Byun, S. H., Park, J. H., Lee, Jiae, and Seo, H. J., "Fugitive Emission Characteristics of HFC-134a from Scrap Domestic Refrigerator", 28(5), 518-526(2012).
  8. Schwarz, W., "Emission of Refrigerant R-134a from Mobile Air Conditioning Systems Environmental, Research and Consultancy Office Frank furt am Main, Germany,"(2001).
  9. Ministry of Environment, "ACT on the Resource Circulation of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles" (2012).
  10. Korean Industrial Standard, "KS I 3004"