한국화재소방학회논문지 (Fire Science and Engineering)

  • 제27권1호
  • /
  • Pages.31-38
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 2765-060X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2765-088X(eISSN)
한국화재소방학회 (Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

댐퍼의 위치가 부속실 및 방화문에서의 열 유동 특성에 미치는 영향에 관한 수치해석 연구

Numerical Study on the Effect of Damper Position on Characteristics of Thermal Flow at the Vestibules and Fire Door

  • 투고 : 2012.12.04
  • 심사 : 2013.02.01
  • 발행 : 2013.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

급기가압 제연시스템은 재실자의 피난활동 및 피난시간에 직접적인 영향을 미치므로 건축물의 화재안전에 있어 핵심적인 설비이다. 하지만 댐퍼의 위치에 따라 방화문에서 부속실로 연기가 유입되는 현상이 발생할 수 있으며 이에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 댐퍼위치에 따른 부속실과 방화문에서의 열 유동특성 및 연기가 부속실로 유입되는 현상을 FDS 5.5를 이용하여 수치해석으로 분석하였다. 또한 실제 현상을 구현하기 위해 재실자의 피난을 가정하여 방화문이 개방되고 폐쇄되는 효과를 설정하였으며 열 방출률을 변화시키면서 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과, 열 방출률이 200 kW에서 400 kW 일 때는 댐퍼의 위치가 방화문의 정면일 때 다른 댐퍼의 위치보다 연기가 부속실로 유입되는 현상을 나타났다. 하지만 열 방출률이 400 kW 이상일 경우에는 댐퍼의 위치에 대한 영향이 크지 않았다.

The pressurized smoke control system is important for fire safety in building because it is directly concerned with egress time of people. Even though the damper plays an essential role in the pressurized smoke control system, the phenomena of backflow smoke occurs for a certain the damper position. The research for a position of damper effects on distribution of air flow at the fire door is not performed. In this study, numerical simulation using FDS 5.5 was carried out to analyze the effect of the position of damper on flow distribution at the fire door. To simulate real situation, effects of opening and closing of fire door was considered. As a result, when HRR was between 200 kW and 400 kW, in the case which the damper was on the opposite wall of the fire door, the back flow to the vestibules was large compared to the two other cases of damper position. But when HRR was above 400 kW, Effect on damper position was not occurred.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. W. J. You, J. S. Nam and H. S. Ryou, "An Analysis of the Opening and Closing Condition with Various Fire Door Size in the Pressurized Room", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 132-137 (2011).
  2. National Fire Safety Code 501A, National Emergency Management Agency (2012).
  3. J. H. Klote, "Design Manual for Smoke Control Systems", NISTTR 4551, NIST (1991).
  4. G. Heskestad, "Fire Plumes, Flame Height and Air Entrainment", SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering 4th Vol. 1.
  5. J. B. Lee, J. H. Moon, S. H. Lee and H. S. Ryou, "Study of Smoke Behavior and Differential Pressure in the Refuge Safety Area According to Damper Capacity of Smoke Control", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 103-109 (2011).
  6. S. H. Ryu, S. K. Lee, D. H. Hong and K. R. Choi, "Characteristics of Air Egress Velocity in Vestibule Pressurization System Using the Fire Dynamics Simulator", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 153-159 (2010).
  7. K. H. Park and M. O. Yoon, "A Study for Pressure Difference and Critical Velocity by Pressurization of Elevator Shaft at High Rise Apartment", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 89-93 (2011).
  8. J. Y. Kim, D. H. Lee and H. Y. Kim, "Numerical Analysis on Features of Airflow through Open Door in Pressure Differential System", Proceedings of 2008 Winter Annual Conference, The Society of Air-conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea, pp. 463-468 (2008).
  9. S. C. P. Cheunga, S. M. Loc, G. H. Yeohd, and R. K. K. Yuenc, "The Influence of Gaps of Fire-resisting Doors on the Smoke Spread in a Building Fire", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 41, pp. 539-546 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.05.007
  10. K. McGrattan, R. McDermott, S. Hostikka and J. Floyd, "Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version5) Technical Reference Note", NIST Special publication 1019-5, NIST (2010).
  11. "International Organization for Standardization, Fire tests. Full-scale Room Test for Surface Products, Designation ISO9705:1993(E)", American National Standards Institute, Boston, MA, USA (1993).
  12. James G. Quintiere, "Principles of Fire Behavior", THOMSON (2004).
  13. S. R. Lee and H. S. Ryou, "A Numerical Study on Smoke Movement in Longitudinal Ventilation Tunnel Fires for Different Aspect Ratio", Building and Environment, Vol. 41, Issue 6, pp. 719-725 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.03.010