The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지

Effect of airway and tongue in facial morphology of prepubertal Class I, II children

사춘기전 I, II급 부정교합 아동의 기도 면적, 혀의 위치와 안면 형태에 관한 연구

  • Hwang, Yong-In (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Kyu-Hong (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Kee-Joon (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Cheol (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Cho, Hyung-Jun (Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Hallym University) ;
  • Cheon, Se-Hwan (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Yang-Ho (Department of Orthodontics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
  • 황용인 (한림대학교 의료원 강동성심병원 치과교정과) ;
  • 이규홍 (한림대학교 의료원 강동성심병원 치과교정과) ;
  • 이기준 (연세대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 김상철 (원광대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 조형준 (한림대학교 대학원 의학과 치과교정학) ;
  • 천세환 (한림대학교 의료원 강동성심병원 치과교정과) ;
  • 박양호 (한림대학교 의료원 강동성심병원 치과교정과)
  • Published : 2008.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the craniofacial morphology of young patients in their prepubertal stage showing class I, II malocclusion, by analyzing lateral cephalograms, and analyzed its relationship with tongue position, tongue space, and airway space in order to ascertain the effects of nasopharyngeal airway and tongue morphology on the form of the malocclusion. Methods: Seventy-six patients aging from 9 to 11 were divided into two groups depending on the ANB difference on the lateral cephalogram: Experimental group (CI II malocclusion group) showing $0{\le}ANB$ difference < 4.0; Control group (CI I malocclusion group) showing $0{\le}ANB$ difference < 4.0. The tongue space, space between palate and tongue, nasopharyngeal airway space and craniofacial morphology were compared between the two groups. Results: Tongue space, palate-tongue space, nasopharyngeal airway space showed no significant differences between class I and class II malocclusion groups. Hyperdivergent faces were associated with smaller nasopharyngeal airway space. Longer anterior facial height and posterior facial height were associated with larger tongue space, and greater anterior facial height were associated with lower tongue position. Smaller nasopharyngeal airway space showed smaller tongue space. Conclusions: Tongue space and nasopharyngeal airway space showed no significant differences between class I malocclusion group and class II malocclusion group. Only anterior facial height and posterior facial height had an influence on tongue space and nasopharyngeal airway space.

본 연구는 사춘기 성장 이전의 I, II급 부정교합을 갖는 아동 환자들의 측모 두부 규격 방사선사진을 이용하여 두 개 안면 형태를 조사하고 이들과 혀의 위치 및 면적, 기도의 면적과의 관계를 조사하여 비인두 기도 및 혀의 형태가 악골 및 부정 교합의 형태에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 9 - 11세의 교정환자 76명을 대상으로 측모 두부 규격 방사선사진상 ANB difference를 기준으로 대조군(I급 부정교합군: $0{\le}ANB$ difference <4.0)과 실험군(II급 부정교합군: ANB difference ${\ge}$ 4.0)으로 분류하였다. 혀 면적, 혀와 구개 사이의 면적, 비인두 기도 면적과 두개안면형태 항목을 측정하고 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 혀 면적, 혀와 구개 사이의 면적, 비인두 기도 면적은 II급 부정교합군과 I급 부정교합군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Hyperdivergent 안면 형태일수록 비인두 기도 면적이 좁았다. 안모의 전후방 수직 길이가 길수록 혀의 면적이 넓었고, 전안면 고경이 길수록 혀는 하방위치 하였다. 비인두기도 면적이 좁을수록 혀의 면적도 좁아졌다. 이상의 연구 결과 혀의 면적과 위치, 비인두 기도의 면적은 I급, II급 부정교합 간에 차이를 보이지 않으며 hyperdivergent 안면 형태 및 안모의 전후방 수직 길이와 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Subtelny JD. Width of the nasopharynx and related anatomic structures in normal and unoperated cleft palate children. Am J Orthod 1955;41:889-909 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(55)90126-3
  2. Tamari K, Shimizu K, Ichinose M, Nakata S, Tadahama Y. Relationship between tongue volume and lower dental arch sizes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:453-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(91)70085-B
  3. Moyers RE. Etiology of Malocclusion, in Handbook of Orthodontics. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1988
  4. Solow B, Siersbaek-Nielsen S, Greve E. Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology. Am J Orthod 1984;86:214-23 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90373-7
  5. Linder-Aronson S. Adenoids. Their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the denition. A biometric, rhino-manometric and cephalometro-radiographic study on children with and without adenoids. Acta otolaryngol Suppl 1970;265:1-132
  6. Emslie RD, Massler M, Zwemer JD. Mouth breathing. 1. Etiology and effects; a review. J Am Dent Assoc 1952;44:506-21 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1952.0099
  7. Subtelny JD, Sakuda M. Open-bite, Diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod 1964;50:337-58 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(64)90175-7
  8. Melsen B, Stensgaard K, Pedersen J. Sucking habits and their influence on swallowing pattern and prevalence of malocclusion. Eur J Orthod 1979;1:271-80 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/1.4.271
  9. Lessa FC, Enoki C, Feres MF, Valera FC, Lima WT, Matsumoto MA. Breathing mode influence in craniofacial development. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (EnglEd) 2005;71:156-60 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-72992005000200007
  10. Lopatiene K, Babarskas A. Malocclusion and upper airway obstruction. Medicina (Kaunas) 2002;38:277-83
  11. Houston WJ. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod 1983;83:382-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(83)90322-6
  12. Proffit WR. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2007. p. 27-9
  13. Jaw TS, Sheu RS, Liu GC, Lin WC. Development of adenoids: a study by measurement with MR images. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999;15:12-8
  14. Valera FC, Travitzki LV, Mattar SE, Matsumoto MA, Elias AM, Anselmo-Lima WT. Muscular, functional and orthodontic changes in pre school children with enlarged adenoids and tonsils. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2003;67:761-70 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-5876(03)00095-8
  15. Niikuni N, Nakajima I, Akasaka M. The relationship between tongue-base position and craniofacial morphology in preschool children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28:131-4
  16. Cooper BC. Nasorespiratory function and orofacial development. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1989;22:413-41
  17. Mergen DC, Jacobs RM. The size of Nasopharynx associated with normal occlusion and class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod 1970;40:342-6
  18. Behlfelt K, Linder-Aronson S, McWilliam J, Neander P, Laage- Hellman J. Cranio-facial morphology in children with and without enlarged tonsils. Eur J Orthod 1990;12:233-43 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/12.3.233
  19. Linder-Aronson S. Respiratory function in relation to facial morphology and the dentition. Br J Orthod 1979;6:59-71 https://doi.org/10.1179/bjo.6.2.59
  20. Hopkin GB. Neonatal and adult tongue dimensions. Angle Orthod 1967;37:132-3
  21. Lowe AA, Takada K, Yamagata Y, Sakuda M. Dentoskeletal and tongue soft-tissue correlates : A cephalometric analysis of rest position. Am J Orthod 1985;88:333-41 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90133-2
  22. Subtelny JD. The significance of adenoid tissue in orthodontia. Angle Orthod 1954;24:59-69
  23. Yoo E, Murakami S, Takada K, Fuchihata H, Sakuda M. Tongue volume in human female adults with mandibular prognathism. J Dent Res 1996;75:1957-62 https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750120701
  24. Eifert DF. A roentogenographic cephalometric study of the tongue. Am J Orthod 1960;46:226-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(60)90086-5