캐올리나이트의 수열합성

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Kaolinite

  • 장영남 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 류경원 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 채수천 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 이성기 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 서용재 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부) ;
  • 배인국 (한국지질자원연구원, 자원활용소재연구부)
  • Jang, Young-Nam (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Minerals and Materials Processing Division) ;
  • Ryu, Gyoung-Won (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Minerals and Materials Processing Division) ;
  • Chae, Soo-Chun (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Minerals and Materials Processing Division) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Ki (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Minerals and Materials Processing Division) ;
  • Suh, Yong-Jae (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Minerals and Materials Processing Division) ;
  • Bae, In-Kook (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Minerals and Materials Processing Division)
  • 발행 : 2007.09.30

초록

비정질 $SiO_2$$Al(OH)_3$를 출발물질로 이용하여 $230^{\circ}C,\;30 kg/cm^2$에서 결정성이 우수한 캐올리나이트를 수열합성하였다. 실험범위는 pH $0.3{\sim}9.5$, 화학조성($Al_2O_3/SiO_2 = 0.5{\sim}0.37$), 온도 $180{\sim}280^{\circ}C$, 압력 $10{\sim}60kg/cm^2$이었다. 비정질 $SiO_2$$Al(OH)_3$를 화학양론적 조성으로 혼합하면 캐올리나이트와 함께 보에마이트가 미량으로 공존하였으며 $Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ 몰비가 0.45일 때, 캐올리나이트가 단일상으로 합성되었다. $200^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 240시간의 반응 후에도 보에마이트만 관찰되었지만 $230^{\circ}C$에서는 20시간 반응 후에 캐올리나이트가 안정상으로 합성되었다. 그리고 pH는 캐올리나이트 합성에 중요한 인자로서 pH $2{\sim}6$ 범위에서 결정성이 양호한 합성상이 관찰되었다. 합성된 캐올리나이트의 분말 X-선 회절패턴은 자연산 캐올리나이트와 일치하였고 (001) 회절선들이 잘 발달되어 있었다. 캐올리나이트는 직경 ${\sim}3{\mu}m$의 균질한 구형 결정군집 (clusters)들로 이루어져 있었다.

Kaolinite [$Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4$] was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal process from amorphous $Al(OH)_3$ and $SiO_2$ at $230^{\circ}C$ under the pressure of $30 kg/cm^2$. The experiments were performed varying temperatures ($180{\sim}280^{\circ}C$), pressure ($10{\sim}60kg/cm^2$), chemistry ($Al_2O_3/SiO_2 = 0.5{\sim}0.38$) and pH ($0.3{\sim}9.5$) of the solution. The autoclaving was carried out in a closed stainless steel vessel. Kaolinite appears from the starting composition of $Al_2O_3/SiO_2= 0.5$ with boehmite and was stable as a single phase with the composition of $Al_2O_3/SiO_2=0.45$. Boehmite was a stable phase below $200^{\circ}C$ for the 240 h period of autoclaving, but kaolinite appeared even in 20 h at $230^{\circ}C$. The single kaolinite phase of a good crystallinity was observed at pH ranging 2 to 6. That indicates that pH is one of the most critical parameters for the successful formation of kaolinite. The optimal molar ratio of $Al_2O_3$ to $SiO_2$ was determined to be 0.45. The XRD pattern of the synthesized kaolinite coincided with that of natural one and its morphology was the cluster type of the kaolinite crystals (diameter = ${\sim}3{\mu}m$), irrespective of starting material, composition and temperature.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 이응상, 이상훈 (1995) 수열반응에 의한 인공점토의 합성연구. 요업학회지, 32. 735-747
  2. 장영남, 류경원, 김유동, 김문영, 김원사 (1999)엽납석으로부터 캐울리나이트 합성연구. 자원환경지질학회지
  3. 芝琦靖雄, 渡村信治, 宮脇律郎, 里川重夫, 大岐恭 (1993) 均一粒子徑, 高結晶度, 高純度 合成 製造方法. 일본 특허 特開平 5-178608
  4. Curties, C.D. and Spear, D.A. (1971) Diagenetic development of kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 19, 219-227 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1971.0190403
  5. De Kimpe, C.R. (1969) Crystallization of kaolinite at low temperature from an alumino-silicic gel. Clays and Clay Minerals, 17-37-38
  6. De Kimpe, C.R. (1976) Formation of phyllosilicates and zeolites from pure silica-alumina gel. Clays and Clay Minerals, 24, 200-207 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1976.0240408
  7. De Kimpe, C.R and Kodama, H. (1984) Transformation of an aluminosilicate gel into pre-kaolinitic and pre-zeolitic structures effect of the solution media. Clay Minerals. 19, 237-242 https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1984.019.2.10
  8. De Kimpe, C.R., Kodama, H. and Rivard, R. (1981) Hydrothermal formation of kaolinite-like product from noncrystalline aluminosilicate gel. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 446-450 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290605
  9. Ewell, R.H. and Insley, H. (1935) Hydrothermal synthesis of kaolinite, dickite, beidellite and nontronite. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 15, 173-186 https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.015.006
  10. Fiore, S., Huertas, F.J., Huertas, F. and Linares, J. (1995) Morphology of kaolinite crystal synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43, 353-360 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430310
  11. Iglesia A.L. (1978) Kaolinite synthesis 1. Crystallization conditions at low temperatures and calculation of thermodynamic equilibria. Clays and Clay Minerals, 26, 397-408 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1978.0260603
  12. Hillier, S. and Ryan, P.S. (2002) Identification of halloysite (7 A) by ethylene glycol solvation: the MacEwan effect. Clay Minerals. 37, 487-496 https://doi.org/10.1180/0009855023730047
  13. Huertas, F.J., Fiore, S. and Linares, J. (2004) In situ transformation of amorphous gels into spherical aggregates of kaolinite: A HRTEM study. Clay Minerals. 39, 423-431 https://doi.org/10.1180/0009855043940144
  14. Nagy, K.L. (1995) Dissolution and precipitation kinetics of sheet silicates. In: White, A.F., Brandley, S.L. (Eds), Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals. Mineralogical Society of America, MI. Rev. Miner., 31, 173-233
  15. Noll, W. (1935) Mineralbindung im system $AI_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O$ Neus Jahrb. Mineral. Geol. Paleontol. Abh. Abt. A 70, 67-115
  16. Robertson, I.D.M. and Eggleton, R. (1991) Weathering of granitic muscovite to kaolinite and halloysite and of plagioclase-derived kaolinite to halloysite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 39, 113-126 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390201
  17. Roy, R. and Osborn, E.F. (1954) The system $AI_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O$ Am. Miner. 39, 853-885
  18. Tomura, S., Shibasaki, Y. and Misuta, H. (1985) Growth conditions and genesis of spherical and platy kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 33, 200-206 https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330305
  19. Tsuzuki, Y. and Suzuki, K. (1980) Experimental study of the alteration process pf labradorite in acid hydrothermal solution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44, 673-683 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(80)90157-X