DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Vitamin C on Lipid Contents and Fatty Acid Compositions of Serum and Liver in Rats Treated with Radiation or Aflatoxin B1

Vitamin C가 방사선과 Aflatoxin B1을 투여한 흰쥐의 혈청과 간장의 지질성분 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

  • Kang, Jin-Soon (School of Food Science, JinJu International University) ;
  • Kim, So-Young (School of Food Science, JinJu International University) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Suk (School of Food Science, JinJu International University) ;
  • Cho, Heung-Lae (Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University) ;
  • Chai, Gyu-Young (Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Chung, Duck-Hwa (Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 강진순 (진주국제대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 김소영 (진주국제대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 김희숙 (진주국제대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 조흥래 (인제대학교 의과대학 부산 백병원 방사선 종양학과) ;
  • 채규영 (경상대학교 의과대학 방사선 종양학교실) ;
  • 정덕화 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부)
  • Published : 2007.02.28

Abstract

Lipid peroxidation is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found to play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenesis of many carcinogens. This study was carried out to determine the effects of vitamin C on lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of serum and liver in male rats treated with radiation or aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$. Six week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 7 groups; control group, radiation exposed group, $AFB_1$ treated group, X-ray and $AFB_1$ co-treated group. Three groups, except control group, were each further divided into vitamin C administered group and not administered groups. For this study, vitamin C was injected with 10 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal injection and 1 hr later, 0.4 mg/kg of $AFB_1$ was injected by the same method. These administrations were repeated every 3 days over a period of 15 days. Only one time, X-ray was irradiated on whole liver with 1,500 cGy. Then vitamin C and AFB1 were administered by the same level and same method described above. On the 16th day of treatments, the animals were sacrificed. From the analysis of the serum lipid patterns, significant decrease (p<0.01) in triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels were observed in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). In liver lipids, the levels of free cholesterol and total cholesterol were also decreased in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). The levels of serum free cholesterol and hepatic TG were not significantly different among all groups according to vitamin C administrations. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level of serum was significantly (p<0.01) increased while the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level was decreased in X-ray and $AFB_1$ co treated group administered with vitamin C (group 7). In the phospholipid fatty-acid compositions of serum and liver tissue, group 3, 5 and 7 showed an increase in polyunsaturated fatty-acid (PUFA) but a decrease in saturated fatty acid (SFA) when compared to the control group. The composition ratio of fatty acid varied according to vitamin C administration. These results suggested that vitamin C has partly suppressive effects on lipid contents and fatty acid composition of serum and liver in rats treated by radiation and $AFB_1$.

Aflatoxin은 Aspergillus속 곰팡이로부터 생성되며 사람에게 있어서 간독성 및 간암을 유발하는 잠재력을 가진 곰팡이 독소이며, 지질과산화 반응은 aflatoxin $B_1$에 의한 세포 산화적 손상 시 발생하는 주요 현상 중의 하나이다. 방사선은 수술, 항암약물요법과 더불어 임상 시 중요한 치료방법이나, 정상세포에 방사선을 조사하였을 때 반응성이 높은 활성산소와 과산화라디칼$(OH{\cdot})$을 생성하여 세포막의 불포화지방산을 지질과산화물로 변성시켜 세포 산화적 손상을 일으킨다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 aflatoxin $B_1$과 방사선조사 후 유도된 간과 혈청의 지질성분 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 vitamin C의 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. X-ray 조사는 실험기간 내 단 1회로 실험사육기간 첫 일에 조사하였고 X-ray 조사 후 vitamin C를 투여하였으며 vitamin C 투여 1시간 후 $AFB_1$을 투여하였다. Vitamin C와 $AFB_1$은 모두 복강투여로 실험 사육 첫 일부터 1회 시작하여 3일에 한번씩, 5회 반복 투였으며 실험동물 사육기간은 총 15일로 하였다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도는 $1\sim5$군에서 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었는데 방사선과 $AFB_1$을 함께 처리한 6군에서는 $130.37{\pm}9.14mg/dL$로서 전군에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타낸 반면 6군에 vitamin C를 혼합 투여한 7군에서는 $90.23{\pm}6.15mg/dL$로서 가장 낮았으며 이는 중성지질과 유사한 경향이었다. 또한 간장의 총콜레스테롤과 유리 콜레스테롤도 이와 유사한 경향이었다. HDL 농도는 방사선과 $AFB_1$을 함께 처리한 것에 vitamin C를 혼합 투여한 7군이 $59.57{\pm}9.56mg/dL$로서 p<0.01 수준에서 현저히 증가하였다. 혈청의 인지질과 콜레스테롤 에스테르의 지방산 조성에서 vitamin C를 혼합 투여한 3,5,7군에서 PUFA 함량이 증가한 반면, SFA 함량은 감소하여 P/S 비율, n-3P/n-6P 비율은 증가하는 경향이었으며 이는 간장의 인지질, 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 총 지질의 지방산조성에서도 같은 경향을 볼 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Wongan GN, Newberne PM. 1967. Does-response characteristics of aflatoxin $B_1$ carcinogenesis in the rat. Cancer Res 27: 2370-2376
  2. Wilson BJ. 1978. Hazards of mycotoxins to public health. J Food Port 41: 375-384 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-41.5.375
  3. Siperstein MD. 1970. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in normal and malignant tissues. Curr Top Cell Regul 2: 65-100 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-152802-7.50009-8
  4. Rahimtula AD, Bereziat JC, Bussacchini GV, Bartsch H. 1988. Lipid peroxidation as a possible cause of ochratoxin A toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 37: 4469-4477 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(88)90662-4
  5. Ward JF. 1994. DNA damage as the cause of ionizing radiation-induced gene activation. Radiat Res 138: 85-88 https://doi.org/10.2307/3578769
  6. Callans DJ, Wacker LS, Mitchell MC. 1987. Effect of ethanol feeding and withdrawal on plasma gluthathione elimination in the rats. J Hepatol 7: 496-501 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840070314
  7. Diplock AT. 1994. Antioxidants and disease prevention. Mol Aspects Med 15: 293-376 https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-2997(94)90005-1
  8. Handelman GJ, Packer L, Cross CE. 1996. Destruction of tocopherol, carotenoids and retinol in human plasma by cigarette smoke. Am J Clin Nutr 63: 559-565 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/63.4.559
  9. Kim YJ. 1997. The protect the living organ from free radicals and the failure of protection: age-related disease. Bull Food Technol 10(2): 4-26
  10. Nagyova A, Ginter E. 1994. Interactions between hepatic ascorbic acid, cytochrome P-450 and lipids in female guinea pig with different ascorbic acid intake. Physiol Res 43: 307-312
  11. Lee JW, Kim SY, Kwak CS. 1997. Effects of excess vitamin C feeding on blood and liver lipid and its peroxidation levels and platelet thromboxane $A_2$ formation in rats. Korean J Nutr 30: 639-649
  12. Gillman MW, Cupples LA, Gagnon D, Posner BM, Ellison RC, Castelli WP, Wolf PA. 1995. Protective effect of fruits and vegetable on development of stroke in men. JAMA 273: 1113-1117 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.273.14.1113
  13. Margolis SA, Zeigler RG, Helzisouer HJ. 1991. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid measurement in human serum and plasma. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 1315 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1315s
  14. Friedwald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of LDL in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Chin Chem 18: 499-502
  15. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane SG. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipid from boron-fluoride-methanol. J Biol Chem 226: 495-509
  16. Duncan DB. 1993. Multiple range test for correlated and heteroscedastic mean. Biometrics 13: 164-176 https://doi.org/10.2307/2527799
  17. Park SA. 1993. Studies of Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. on lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity. MS Thesis. Sukmyung University
  18. Bannasch P, Mayer D, Hackre HJ. 1980. Hepatocellular glycogenolysis and hepatocarcinogesis. BBA 605: 217-245
  19. Mezzetti A, Lapenna D, Pierdomenico SD, Calafiore AM, Costanini F, Riario-sforza G, Imbastaro T, Neri M, Cuccurullo F. 1995. Vitamin E, C and lipid peroxidation in plasma and arterial tissue of smokers and non-smokers. Atherosclerosis 112: 91-99 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(94)05403-6
  20. Im HS, Lee JW. 1992. L-ascorbic acid administration on red blood cell hemolysis and tissue lipid peroxide levels in rats. Kor J Gerontol 2: 153-158
  21. Lin CY, Abraham S, Smith S. 1976. Acyl specificity in triglyceride synthesis by lactating rat mamary gland. J Lipid Res 17: 647-656
  22. Uchida K, Nomura Y, Takase H, Tasaki T, Seo S, Hayashi Y, Takeuchi N. 1990. Effect of vitamin C depletion on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in ODS (od/od) rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. J Nutr 120: 1140-1147 https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.10.1140
  23. Manson JE, Gawiano JM, Jones MA, Hennekens CH. 1993. Antioxidants and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Nutr 12: 426-432 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1993.10718332
  24. Sharma D, Pramod J, Sharma PK, Sapra M, Manorma K. 1990. Effect of Vitamin C defficiency and excess on the liver: a histopathological and biochemical study in guinea pigs fed normal or high cholesterol diet. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 33: 307-313
  25. Kim JG, Kim KW. 1989. Immunity and nutrition. J Korean Med Assoc 32: 496-501
  26. Simon JA. 1992. Vitamin C and cardiovascular disease: a review. J Am Coll Vutr 11: 107-125
  27. Horton BJ, Horton JD, Sabine JR. 1972. Metabolic controls in precancerous liver. Eur J Cancer 8: 437-443 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2964(72)90129-6
  28. Siperstein MD. 1970. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in normal and malignant tissues. Curr Top Cell Regul 2: 65-100 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-152802-7.50009-8
  29. Konopacka M, Rzeszowska-Wolny J. 2001. Antioxidatant vitamin C, D and ${\beta}$-carotene reduce DNA damage before as well as after ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation of human lymphocytes in vitro. Mutat Res/Genetic Toxicol Environm Mutag 494: 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00146-2
  30. Oberley TB, Sempt JM, Oberley LW. 1995. Immunohistochemical localization of antioxidant enzymes during hamster kidney development. Histochem 27: 575-586 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00173093
  31. Chapman MJ, Bruckert E. 1996. The atherogenic role of triglycerides and smell, dense, low density lipoproteins. Artherosclerosis 124: 21-29 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(96)05853-4
  32. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. 1989. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 320: 915-924 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198904063201407
  33. Lee JW, Lee TY, Mo SM, Lee JH, Lee DH, Park SN, Lee BK. 1987. Effects of L-ascorbic acid on the plasma thiobarbituric acid value, prostaglandin biosynthesis, photohemolysis, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in guinea pigs. Kor Biochem J 20: 378-388
  34. Donaldson WE, Tung HT, Hamilton PB. 1972. Depresson of fatty acid synthesis in chick liver by aflatoxin. Comp Biochem Physiol 4: 843-847
  35. Mertin J, Hughes D. 1975. Specific inhibitory action of poly unsaturated fatty acids on lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA and PPD. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 48: 203-210 https://doi.org/10.1159/000231306
  36. Karmal RA, Marsh J, Fuchs C. 1981. Effect of omega-3- fatty acids on growth of a rat mammary tumor. J Natl Cancer Inst 73: 457-461
  37. Chan PC, Ferguson KA, Dao TL. 1983. Effect of different dietary fats on mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 43: 1079-1083
  38. Washburg U. 2004. what are the health effects of fat? Eur J Nutr 43: 6-11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-004-1103-9
  39. Schfer T. 2003. Intake of unsaturated fatty acid and HDL cholesterol levels are associated with manifestations of atopy in addult. Clin Exp Allergy 33: 1360-1367 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01780.x

Cited by

  1. Influence of water-soluble extracts of long-term fermented Doenjang on bone metabolism bioactivity and breast cancer suppression vol.25, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-016-0072-0