한.미 대학생의 노인과 노화에 대한 태도가 조모-손자녀 간의 친밀도에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Korean and American Undergraduate Students' Attiitudes toward the Elderly and Aging on Grandmother-Grandchild Intimacy

  • 이신숙 (순천대학교 소비자.가족아동학과)
  • Lee, Shin-Sook (Dept. of Consumer and Family-Child Studies, The National Sunchon University)
  • 발행 : 2006.10.31

초록

This study examines Korean and American undergraduate students' intimacy toward the grandmother and their attitudes toward the elderly and aging. The study also identifies the variances that influence undergraduate students' attitudes. The subjects were 397 Korean and 364 America undergraduates. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine frequency, percentage, meat standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, Duncan test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Both Korean and American undergraduates' attitudes were mid-range, but their intimacy level toward their grandmother was high. 2) The Korean undergraduates' intimacy level differed significantly according to sex and religion, and it showed a significant correlation with attitudes toward the elderly and aging traits, when the student had lived with and had frequent contact with the grandmother. The American undergraduates' intimacy level, however, was significantly different according to the presence of the grandmother. There was also had a significant correlation with the undergraduate students' attitudes toward the elderly and aging traits, frequency of contact with the grandmother and year. 3) The variables that affect the Korean undergraduates' intimacy level toward the grandmother were attitude, cohabitation with her, gender, frequency of contact with the grandmother, and religion, which explained about 21% of total variance. Attitudes toward the elderly and aging traits were very important variables for Korean undergraduates' intimacy with their grandmother. The American undergraduates' intimacy was affected by the variables of attitude, frequency of contact with the grandmother, year, and the presence of the grandmother, which explained about 19% of the total variance. Attitude toward the elderly and aging traits were the most important variables for American undergraduates' intimacy with their grandmother.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 고영복(1983). 전통사회의 효 개념과 현실적 과제. 아산사회복지재단. 49-58
  2. 김연수(1994). 부모-조부모 관계와 손자녀-조부모 친밀도가 청소년의 노인과 노화에 대한 사질 인지에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 논문
  3. 김윤정, 정선애(2001). 청소년의 노인에 대한 태도 : 노인에 대한 인식과 행동 간의 관계 규명을 중심으로. 한국가정관리학회지, 19(6), 173-183
  4. 김은경(2003). 조부모 관련변인이 대학생의 노인에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향. 한국 노년학, 23(3), 63-71
  5. 김재은(1974). 한국가족의 심리. 서울: 이화여대 출판부
  6. 김태현(2005). 노년학. 교문사
  7. 김혜경(1997). 청소년의 노인에 대한 태도와 조부모와의 세대차이에 관한 연구. 미국 이민 가족 내의 한국청소년과 미국청소년 간의 비교 연구. 한국가정관리학회지, 15(4), 65-79
  8. 박경란, 이영숙(2001). 대학생이 갖고 있는 노인에 대한 고정관념 분석. 한국노년학, 21(2), 71-83
  9. 박의순(1990). 대학생이 지각한 조부모와의 관계연구. 이화 여대 석사학위 논문
  10. 보건복지부(2003). 보건복지통계연보
  11. 배경미(1988). 조부모 역할에 관한 기초 연구. 성균관대 석사학위 논문
  12. 백문화(1992). 부모 및 조모와의 관계가 청소년의 자아정체감에 미치는 영향. 이화여대 석사학위 논문
  13. 민하영(2004). 손자녀가 지각하는 조모/외조모의 사회적 지지 특성과 학령기 아동의 심리적 적응. 한국가정관리학회지, 22(3), 23-34
  14. 서동인(1989). 손자녀가 지각한 조모와 손자녀와의 접촉과 조모의 역할수행. 한국가정관리 학회지, 7(2), 45-60
  15. 서병숙, 김수현(1999). 대학생의 노인에 대한 이미지 연구. 한국노년학, 19(2), 97-111
  16. 신귀연(1995). 아동과 청소년이 지각한 노인 이미지. 국민대학교 석사학위 논문
  17. 신기영(1991). 중년기 주부의 위기감과 사회관계망 지원에 관한 연구. 서울대 석사학위 논문
  18. 옥은진(1990). 노인문제에 대한 세대 간의 언식차 연구. 상명여대 석사학위 논문
  19. 유안진(1994). 한국의 전통 육아방식. 서울: 서울대학교 출판부
  20. 윤성혜(1990). 청년, 중년, 노년층의 노인에 대한 인식 비교 연구. 성신여자대학교 석사학위 논문
  21. 윤진 . 조석미(1980). 기족구성원에 대한 노인의 심리적 거리. 한국노년학, 제 1집, 75-85
  22. 이미숙, 조병은, 강란혜(2004). 학동기 손자녀에 대한 조모의 역할수행: 취업모가족과 비취업모 가족 비교. 대한가정학회지,42(4), 69-84
  23. 이선자(1989). 연령 단계별로 본 노인에 대한 태도. 이화여자 대학교 박사학위 논문
  24. 이신숙 . Sonia. S.(2005). 한, 미 대학생의 노인과 노화에 대한 지식 및 태도 비교 연구. 한국가족관계학회지, 10(3), 195-218
  25. 이영숙, 박경란(2000). 청년기 손자녀와 조부모의 공유활동에 관한 연구. 한국노년학., 20(3), 1-16
  26. 정미경(2005). 조모교육 프로그램 참여경험이 조모의 역할 인식에 미치는 효과. 한국노년학, 25(3), 155-175
  27. 조명희(1987). 청소년의 노인에 대한 사회심리적 태도 분석. 지역환경, 5, 73-87
  28. 조석미(1981). 조부모로서의 역할에 대한 노년충의 의식구조 -대구시 중류층 노인을 중심으로-. 영남대 석사학위 논문
  29. 차용은(1980). 노인에 대한 대학생의 태도 연구. 전주대학교 논문집, 9(2), 239-262
  30. 최춘혁(1992). 노인과 노인문제 해결방안에 대한 청소년의 인식연구. 성신여자대학교 석사학위 논문
  31. 최혜지(2004). 손자, 녀 양육형태가 노부모와 성인자녀의 세대관계에 미치는 영향. 한국노년학, 24(3), 31-49
  32. 한정란(2000). 대학생들의 노인에 대한 태도에 관한 연구. 한국노년학 20(3), 115-127
  33. 홍숙자(2004). 노년학개론. 하우
  34. Atchley, R(1988). Social forces in later life. N.Y.: Wadsworth Pub. Co
  35. Baranowski, M.(1982). Grandparent-adolescent relations; Beyond the nuclear family. Adolescence, 17, 575-584
  36. Brewer, M. B., Dull, V. & Lui, L.(1981). Perceptions of the elderly : Stereotypes as prototypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 656-670 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.4.656
  37. Butler, R.(1995). Ageism. In G. rnaddox(Ed). Encyclopedia of aging. New York: Springer
  38. Cartestenses, I., Mason, S. E. & Caldwell, E. C(1982). Children's attitudes toward the elderly : An international techniques for a change. Educational Gerontology, 8, 292-301
  39. Cherlin, A J. & Furstenber, F. F.(1986). The New American grandparent ; A place in the family. a life apart. New York; Basic Books
  40. Creasey, G & Koblewski, P. J.(1991). Adolescent grandchildren's relationships with maternal and paternal grandmothers and grandfathers. Journal of Adolescence
  41. Franks, L. J., Hughes, J. P., Phelps, L. H. & Williams, D. G. (1993). Intergenerational influences on midwest college students by their grandparents and significant elders. Educational Gerontology, 19(3), 265-272 https://doi.org/10.1080/0360127930190306
  42. Hagestad, G.(1985). Continuity and connectedness. In V. Bengtson & J. Robertson(Eds.). grandparenthood ; Traditional and emergent perspectives. 31-48. Beverly Hill: Sage
  43. Hartshorne, T. S. & Manaster, G J.(1982). The relationship with grandparents ; contact, importance, role conception. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 15, 233-245 https://doi.org/10.2190/8G9X-RTFN-F0CD-3DBC
  44. Hawkins, M J.(1996). College students' attitudes toward elderly persons. Educational Gerontology, 22(3), 271-280 https://doi.org/10.1080/0360127960220305
  45. Hoffman, E.(1980). young adults' relations with their grandparents ; An exploratory study. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 10, 299-310 https://doi.org/10.2190/8PWQ-NDRJ-13FD-2FL6
  46. Hummert, M L.(1990). Multiple stereotypes of elderly and young adults : A Comparison of structure and evaluations. Psychology and Aging, 5(2), 182-193 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.5.2.182
  47. Hummert, M L., Garstka, T. A. & Shaner, J. L.(1997). Stereotyping of older adults : The role of target facial cues and perceiver characteristics. Psychology and Aging, 12(1), 107-114 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.12.1.107
  48. Janelli. L. M(1988). depictions of grandparents in children's literature. Educational Gerontology, 14(3), 193-202 https://doi.org/10.1080/0380127880140303
  49. Kahana, E. & Kahana, B.(1971). Theoretical and research perspectives on grandparenthood. Aging and Human Development, 2, 261-268 https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.2.4.c
  50. King, V. & Elder, G. H.(1995). Grandparenthood as a social construction:Multiple perspectives. In Szinovacz, m. E. (1998 ed.) Handbook on Grandparenthood. Greenwood Press
  51. Kivett, V. R.(1985). Grandfathers and grandchildren ; Patterns of association, helping, and psychological closeness. Family Relations, 34, 565-571 https://doi.org/10.2307/584020
  52. Kivnick, H. Q.(1982). The meaning of grandparenthood. Ann Arbor: UMI research press
  53. Kogan, N.(1961). Attitude toward the old people: The development of a scale and an examination of correlations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 62, 44-54 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048053
  54. Kornhaber, A. (1985). Grandparenthood and the 'New Social Contract'. In Bengtson, V & Robertson, J. (Eds.). Grandparenthood. Beverly Hills; Sage Pub
  55. Kornhaber, A. & Woodward, K. L.(1981). Grandparents/ grandchildren ; The vital connection. Garden Gty, NY: Anchor press/doubleday
  56. Matthews, S. & Sprey, J.(1985). The impact of divorce on grandparenthood ; An exploratory study. The Gerontologist, 24, 41-47
  57. Mueller, M. M., Wilhelm, B. & Elder Jr, G. H(2002). Variations in grandparenting. Research on Aging, 24(3), 360-388 https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027502243004
  58. Palmore, E. B.(1999). Ageism : Positive and negative. New York: Springer
  59. Pinquart, M. & Wenzel, S.(2000). Changes in attitudes among child and elderly adults in intergenerational group work. Educational Gerontology, 26(6), 523-540 https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270050133883
  60. Roberto, K. A.(1990). Grandparent and grandchild relationships. In T. H Brubaker(ed). Family relationships in later life. (2nd ed.). Sage Pub
  61. Robertson, J.(1975). Interaction in three generation families. International Journal of Aging and human Development, 6, 103-110 https://doi.org/10.2190/GPFM-TFM5-9Y8Y-LHAK
  62. Robertson, J (1978). Significance of grandparents ; Perseptions of young adult grandchildren. The Gerontologist, 16, 137-140
  63. Rosencranz, H. A. & McNevin, T. E.(1994). A factor of attitudes toward the aged. The Gerontologist, 9, 55-59
  64. Rossi, A. S. & Rossi, P. H.(1990). Of human bonding: Parent-child relations across the life course. NY: Aldine de Gruyter
  65. Rowe, J. & Kahn, R.(1998). Successful aging. New York: Pantheon Books
  66. Sanders, G. F., Montgomery, J. E., Pittman, Jr. J. F. & Balkwell, C.(1984). Youth's attitudes toward the elderly. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 3(1), 59-70 https://doi.org/10.1177/073346488400300107
  67. Thorson, J. A (2000). Aging in a changing society(2nd ed.). Brunner/Mazel
  68. Tinsley, B. & Parke, R.(1983). Grandparents as support and socialization agents. In M. Lewis(Ed.), Beyond the dyad. New York Plenum
  69. Troll, L. E.(1983). Grandparent; the family watchdogs. In T. H. Brubaker (9 Ed.). Family relationships in later life. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Pub
  70. Walker, A. J.& Thompson, L(1983). Intimacy and intergenerational aid and contact among mothers and daughters. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 841-849 https://doi.org/10.2307/351796