Comparison of Bird Communities at Urban Forests and Streetscapes in Daegu City

대구시 도시숲과 가로경관의 조류군집 비교

  • Park Chnn-Ryul (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Choi Myoung-Sub (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 박찬열 (국립산림과학원 산림생태과) ;
  • 최명섭 (국립산림과학원 산림생태과)
  • Published : 2005.12.01

Abstract

This study was conducted to comprehend the breeding bird community of thirteen urban forests ranged in size from $0.63{\~}37.0$ ha and compare the species richness of streetscapes such as wooded streets, street trees, and green patches. In urban forests, among thirty-one species observed, two species of Pica pica and Parus major were observed in all study areas, but five species of Phoenicuros auroreus, Pericrocotus divaricatus, Eurystomus orientalis, Emberiza elegans, and Cettia squameiceps were observed only one areas. Number of species was high at urban forests of Manchon, Bonri and Chimsan parks distributed in peripheral area of city, that was low at urban forests Jungri, Igoksaengsu and Sinam parks located in the center area of city. We observed the nests at wooded streets and green patches, did not find at street trees. Number of species and density were significantly high at wooded streets than at street trees. Number of species was highly correlated with the area of forests, and srecies richness of bush-nesting guild was low. As the area of urban forests increase, species richness of bush-nesting and -foraging guild showed the relative low rate of increase than other nesting guild. Our results indicate that bush-nesting and -foraging guild of birds was not being provided with their good habitat at urban forests in Daegu city Among streetscapes, birds preferred to u9e the wooded streets and green patch as habitat and pathway in urban ecosystem.

본 연구는 대구시의 도시숲과 가로경관(수림대, 가로수, 녹지대)의 조류군집을 비교하고자 실시하였다. 관찰된 31종의 조류 중 까치, 박새는 모든 지역에서 나타났으나, 딱새, 할미새사촌, 파랑새, 노랑턱멧새, 숲새 등 5종은 한번만 관찰되어 낮은 출현빈도를 보였다. 시 외곽부에 위치한 도시숲(만촌, 본리, 침산공원)에서 조류 종수가 높았으나 도심의 도시숲(중리, 이곡생수, 신암공원)에서 조류 종수는 낮았다. 가로경관에서 관찰된 조류의 번식 둥지는 수림대와 녹지대에서는 발견되었으나, 한 줄 가로수에서는 발견되지 않았다. 수림대지역에서 관찰된 조류의 종수와 밀도는 한 줄 가로수지역보다 유의하게 높았다. 도시숲 면적과 조류종수는 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 덤불층을 둥지 및 먹이자원으로 이용하는 조류 종수가 낮았으며, 면적이 증가함에 따라 증가율도 낮았다. 본 연구 결과는 대구시 도시숲은 덤불층을 서식지로 이용하는 조류에게 충분한 서식 여건을 제공하지 않는 것을 나타내며, 조류는 수림대와 녹지대 등 폭이 있는 가로경관을 서식지 및 이동통로로 이용함을 나타낸다.

Keywords

References

  1. 대구광역시(2002) 도시경관 기본계획. 416
  2. 신준환, 주린원, 이경학, 김경하, 임종환, 이성연, 성주한, 박찬열, 양희문(2003) 지속가능 발전시대의 산림관리 방향. 서울, 임업연구원, 502쪽
  3. 이우신, 박찬열(1995) 길드에 의한 산림환경과 조류군집 변화 분석. 한국생태학회지 18(3): 397-408
  4. 차수영, 박종화(1999) 조류서식지 평가모형을 이용한 서울시 녹지네트워크 구상. 한국조경학회지 27(4) 29-38
  5. 허위행(2005) 부산시 도시림의 식생구조 및 경관인자와 번식기 조류군집과의 관계. 서울대학교 대학원 농학박사학위논문. 169쪽
  6. Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess and D.A. Hill(1997) Bird census technique. Academic press limited. London, UK. 257p
  7. Hostetler, M(2001) The importance of multi-scale analyses in avian habitat selection studies in urban environments, pp. 139-154. In Marzluff, J.M., R. Bowman, and R. Donnelly (eds.). Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Massachusetts
  8. Marzluff, J.M. and M. Restani(1999) The effects of forest fragmentation on avian nest predation, pp. 155-169. In Rochelle, J. A., L. A. Lehmann and J. Wisniewski (eds.). Forest fragmentation. Wildlife and management implications. Brill, Leiden
  9. Marzluff, J.M., R. Bowman and R. Donnelly(2001) A historical perspective on urban bird research: trends, terms, and approaches. pp. 1-17. In Marzluff, J. M., R. Bowman, and R. Donnelly (eds.). Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Massachusetts
  10. Park, C-R. and W-S. Lee(2000) Relationship between species composition and area in breeding birds of urban woods in Seoul, Korea. Landscape and Urban Planning 51:29-36 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00094-3
  11. Park, C-R., J. Lee, D. Lee and W-S. Lee(2005) Prediction of species richness of breeding birds by analysis ofIand cov-er at Seongnam city, Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology 28(1): 1-6 https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2005.28.1.001
  12. SAS Institute Inc.( 1985) SAS/STAT guide for personal computers, Version 8edition. SAS Institute Inc. Cary. 378p
  13. White, J.G., M.J. Antos, J.A. Fitzsimons and G.C. Palmer(2005) Non-uniform bird assemblages in urban environments: the influence of streetscape vegetation. Landscape and urban planning 71:123-135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.02.006
  14. Whitcomb, R.F., Robbins, C.S., Lynch, J.F., Whitcomb, B.L., Klimkiewicz, M.K., Bystrak, D.(1981) Effects of forest fragmentation on avifauna of the eastern deciduous forest. In: Burgess, R.L., Sharpe, D.M. (Eds.), Forest Island Dynamics in Man-dominated Landscapes. Springer, New York, pp. 125-205