• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1989

The polyamine and its biosynthetic enzyme In ginseng has been studied , We have found that putrescine was a major polyamine in ginseng seedling. Putrescine was increased with growth stage , and ADC activity was also increased as putnescine content. But ODC activity was not shown. ADC activity was shown l0% inhibition by spermidine and 20% inhibition by spermine but not affected by putrescine. in contrast to seed, spermidine was a major polyamine in two year old ginseng. The abundance was decreased in order of leaf, petiole, root, and stem. ADC activity seemed to parallel with polyamine content.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

Polyamine contents and the activities of their main biosynthetic enzymes, arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase(ODC), were investigated in Populus leaf segments during adventitious shoot regeneration with the addition of 1 millimolar polyamine synthesis inhibitors. From the study of polyamine synthesis inhibitors, ODC was found to be the principal route of polyamine biosynthesis in adventitious shoot regeneration of Populus leaf segments. The ADC inhibitor difluoromethyl arginine(DFMA) and ODC inhibitor difluoromethyl ornithine(DFMO) strongly reduced the putrescine content. On the contarary, DCHA, an inhibitor of spermidine synthase, increased it. Spermidine content was decreased with the treatment of each polyamine synthesis inhibitor, but the inhibitory effect of DCHA was stronger than any other polyamine inhibitor. The decreased polyamine level by polyamine synthesis inhibitors was restored with the exogenously applied polyamine. Comparing the polyamine contents with the adventitious shoot regeneration rate, were observed a close correlation between spermidine content and adventitious shoot regeneration of Populus leaf segments.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1994

In order to study on the effect of polyamine inhibitors and polyamines on adventitious root formation the correlation between adventitious root formation and polyamine levels were investigated in cultured soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons. Adventitious root formation was inhibited in medium containing 10$^{-4}$ -10/ sup -2/ M polyamine inhibition such as $\alpha$-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), $\alpha$-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), cyclohexylammonium sulfate (CHA), dicyclohexyl-amine (DCHA) and methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG). An inhibitory effects at 10$^{-3}$ M MCBG were much higher than other treatments. Treatment with 10$^{-3}$ M MGBG plus 10$^{-5}$ M spermine led to reversal of the effects of MGBG alone. The polyamine levels were sharply increased in the first few days in each treatnent compared to control. The remarkably increasing polyamine contents were observed in medium supplemented spermine.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1993

The effect of polyamine on chlorophyll amount, chloroplast peroxidase and chloroplast thylakoid protein in rice leaf segments which were grown for 10 days(16 hrs, light : 8 hrs, dark) in a hormone-free MS medium containing polyamine was studied. Polyamine treatment increased the chlorophyll contents compared with the control in rice leaf segments. Especially spermine was most effective. Also, in rice leaf segments treated with polyamine chloroplast peroxidase activity was higher than in the control. The treatment with lmM of spermidine increased the enzyme activity by 100%. In polyamine treatment and control two major polypeptide bands corresponding to 56 and 25Kd molecular weight were clearly resolved with other minor bands by SDS-PAGE in the insoluble protein fraction. However, in these bands (56, 25Kd), the total area of protein in treating with polyamine were higher than that of the control. These results suggest that polyamine was an important factor in the chloroplast development of rice seedlings.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.409-413
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• 1998

Polyamine was synthesized for the drinking water treatment. Polyamine was produced by the two step polycondensation of dimethytamine(DMA) and epichlorohydrin(EPI) and its properties were characterized. The effects of mole ratio of (DMA1/1EPl), reaction temperature and reaction time on synthesis of polyamine were investigated. Polyamine flocculant was applied to Nak-dong river raw water to examine its efficiency in reducing turbidity. The synthesized polyamine was effective as flocculant for drinking water treatment. The addition of 1 mg/L of polyamlne flocculant caused the reduction of 50% PAC (polyaluminium chloride).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1990

The role of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as an intermediate in interrelation between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis was studied in suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. Exogenous SAM stimulated the polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in 4 day-cultured cells, which were in active cell divisions, and 10 day cultured cells, which went on with active cell elongation and senescence. SAM-induced ethylene production was more effective in 10 day-cultured cells than in 4 day-cultured cells, but SAM-induced polyamine biosynthesis was more effective in 4 day-cultured cells than in 10 day-cultured cells. Polyamine contents were increased by the blockage of ethylene biosynthetic pathway in the conversion of SAM to ethylene via 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylinc acid (ACC) with aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Also, ethylene production was increased by the inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis such as methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), $\alpha$-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) and $\alpha$-difluoromethylorinithine (DFMO). These results suggest that there may be interrelations between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis for the competition of SAM and the inherent mechanism of switch on-off in polyamine and ethylene biosynthetic activity with the progress of cell growth and senescence.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 1989

The effect of IAA on lysine decarboxylase(LDC)activity, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and the polyamine level in seedlings of soybean were investigated. The seedlings of soybean were treated with IAA (10-8M, 10-6M, 10-4M) and LDC activity, DAO activity and polyamine levels of cotyledon, elongating hypocotyl, elongated hypocotyl and the root were measured after 4, 6, 8, 10 days. Increased concentration of IAA stimulated the LDC activity and increased the level of polyamine in the seedlings, which reducing the DAO activity and polyamine level was increased in the seedlings. The light also stimulated the IAA effect on polyamine level and DAO activity, and polyamine level was higher in the seedlings grown in the light than those in the dark. Cadaverine was the most abundant polyamine in the seedlings of soybean. The levels of diamines, cadaverine, putrescine were higher in the elongated hypocotyl and root than in the elongating hypocotyl, but the levels of spermidine and spermine were relatively higher in the cotyledon than in the other parts. Accumulation of diamines by high concentration of IAA is postulated to be a phenomenon of inhibition in seedlings growth.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1994

Relationship between polyamine level and DNA methylation in the absence or presence of MGBG(l mM), which is an enzyme-activated reversible inhibitor of SAMDC, has been investigated during gametogenesis of Chlamydomonas. In the absence of MGBG, polyamine levels decreased in Chlamydomonas 137C(+) and 137C(-) during gametogenesis. And polyamine level of 137C(+) was 2-5 times as much as that of 137C(-) and showed a significant decrease unlike that of 137C(-). In vitro, MGBG inhibited ctDNA methylation of 137C(+) by 20-30% but did not inhibited that of 137C(-). Also, MGBG inhibited DNA methylase by 60% in vitro. The results obtained in the present work suggest the possibility that the changes of polyamine level may be associated with ctDNA methylation during gametogenesis of Chlamydomonas.omonas.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 1995

During culture the effect of polyamine on hairy root of Buplerum falcatum by infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was studied. The fresh and dry weight of hairy root which cultured for 3months in MS medium increased about 7-fold when spermine at 10${\mu}$M, 100${\mu}$M was treated. After suspension culture of B. falcatum in MS medium containing putrescine(10${\mu}$M, 100${\mu}$M) or spermine(10${\mu}$M), the contents of endogenous polyamine (putresclne, spermidine, spermine) was higher than that of control. The ${\beta}$-glucan synthetase II activity by polyamine treatment was increased： especially spermidine (100${\mu}$M) and spermine(100${\mu}$M) stimulated it by about 180% and 220% respectively. These results suggest a possible role of polyamine as growth regulator in B. falcatum hairy root cultures.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 1983

Polyamine constituents of fresh Panax ginseng root and dried white ginseng were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid, respectively. The isolation of polyamine constituents was conducted by the cation exchange chromatography using $Dowex-50W{\times}8$ resin and the detection was performed with TLC. Identification of the polyamine was carried out by the methods of IR, NMR, MS spectroscopy and GLC. Polyamine constituents of white and fresh ginseng root were identical and composed of five different polyamines. The major polyamine in white and fresh ginseng root was determined as putrescine.