A Clinical Study on the Surgical Treatment of the Rheumatic Cardiac Valve Disease

류마티스성 심장판막질환의 외과적 치료에 대한 임상적 연구

  • 김종원 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 정황규 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이성광 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김병준 (부산대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 신영우 (부산대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 1998.04.01

Abstract

Rheumatic valvulitis produces at least three distinct pathologic changes, the degree varying widely among the patients: fusion of the valve leaflets at the commissures; fusion and shortening of chordae tendinae: and fibrosis of the leaflets with subsequent stiffening, contraction and calcification. The most extensive changes usually are seen in patients with recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever. We studied on outcome of the surgical treatments of rheumatic valvular diseases that have been experienced for 12 years since 1982 at Pusan National University Hospital. The diagnoses were made by rheumatic fever history, echocardiographic findings, gross operative findings and microscopic findings. Total 502 patients were performed surgery for valvular heart diseases and 440 patients of rheumatic origin have bene analysed. There were more female than male patients as 1.3:1, and the mean age was 37.8 years old. 96.3% of them affected to the mitral valve, 19.8% to aortic valve, 16.3% affected to the tricuspid valve. Most of them underwent valve replacement, and valve repair was done in 3.9% of patients. There were 36 hospital deaths(8.2%) mainly from low cardiac output syndrome, and 15 late deaths equally due to embolism and hemorrhage. Follow up was 90.1% completed(2890 patient- year). Linealized rates of late complication events are follows : thromboembolism 1.3% per patient year; anticoagulant related hemorrhage 0.8% per patient year. Overall actuarial survival including hospital mortality was 92.7+/-2.9% in 1 year, 88.0+/-4.5% in 5 year, 82.3+/-7.7% in 10 year. We conclude that the rheumatic disease is still the most frequent and the most important cause of heart valve disease. So more intensive study is needed in spite of the abrupt decreasing rate of rheumatic fever in U.S.A. and other industrial country.

심장 초음파에 의한 류마티스성의 심장판막질환은 판첨이 융합되고 건삭이 짧아져 판막운동이 제한되는데 융합이 심하면 협착이되고 퇴축이 심하면 폐쇄부전이 일어난다. 이러한 초음파적인 소견과 수술시야에 직접 관찰되는 교련융합과 판엽의 비후, 건삭의 융합과 단축 심하면 석회침착 등의 소견 및 병리조직학적인 소견으로 확인된 류마티스성 심장판막질환에 대한 외과적 치료를 시행한 환자 440명을 대상으로 임상적성적을 분석하였다. 기간내의 총판막수술은 502명에서 시행되었으며 이중 87.3%인 440명이 류마티스성판막증으로 분류되었으며, 여자가 1.3배 많았고 평균년령은 37.8세 였다. 96.3%가 승모판을 침범하였고 대동맥판 19.8%, 삼첨판 16.3%를 침범하였으나 승모판 단독 침범례는 62.5%, 대동맥판 단독은 3.6%, 삼첨판막의 기질적 변화를 보여 외과적 치료를 가한 예는 1.8%에 불과하였다. 수술의 방법으로는 3.9%에서는 판막의 보존적 치료가 가능하였고 96.1%인 323례에서 1개 이상의 인조판막이 사용되었다. 승모판막치환술이 275례, 대동맥판 18례, 70례의 다중판막치환술을 시행하였다. 조기사망율은 보존적치료 예에서 5.9%, 판막치환례에서는 대동맥 5.9%, 승모판 6.0%, 다중판막 19.4%를 기록하였다. 생존례의 90.1%인 364명이 추시관찰이 가능하였는데 총 2890환자년의 추적기간중 뉴욕심장협회기능적 분류상 수술로 평균 2.9도에서 1.3의 상태호전을 보였으며 합병증은 혈전전색 1.3%/환자/년, 출혈성합병증 1.8%환자/년으로 나타났다. 누적생존율은 술 후 1년에 92.7+/-2.8%, 5년에 88.0+/- 4.5%, 10년에 82.3+/-7.7%였다. 류마티스성질환은 선진국에서는 최근 급격히 감소하고 있다고 하나 저자들의 예에서는 전체판막질환에 대한 수술례의 87.3%를 차지하고 있어 아직도 깊은 관심을 갖고 깊은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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