Clinical Experiences of Continuous Warm Blood Cardioplegia ; Valvular Heart Surgery

연속 온혈 심정지액의 임상경험 - 심장 판막 수술 환자 대상 -

  • 이종국 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 박승일 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 조재민 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 원준호 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 1998.04.01

Abstract

Hypothermia is widely acknowledged as fundamental component of myocardial protection during cardiac operations. Although it prolongs the period of ischemic arrest by reducing oxygen demands, hypothermia is associated with a number of major disadvantages, including its detrimental effects on enzymatic function, energy generation, and cellular integrity. The ideal way to rotect the heart is to electromechanically arrest it and perfus it with blood that is aerobic arrest. However alternative technique has been developed, based on the principles of electromechanical arrest and normothermic aerobic perfusion using continuous warm blood cardioplegia. To determine if continuous warm blood cardioplegia was beneficial in clinical practice during valvular surgery, we studied two groups of patients matched by numbers and clinical characteristics. Group included is 31 patients undergoing valvular surgery who received intermittent cold crystalloid cardioplegia. Group II included 30 patients undergoing valvular surgery who received continuous warm blood cardioplegia. Our results suggest that the heartbeat in 100% of patients treated with continuous warm blood cardioplegia converted to normal sinus rhythm spontaneously after the removal of the aortic cross-clamp, compared to only 31% of the cold cardioplegia group. After operation, pericardial closure rate was 90% area in the warm group, compared to 35% area in the cold group. 12 hours after the operation, the total amount of urine output in the warm group was greater than that in the cold group(2863${\pm}$127 ml versus 2257${\pm}$127 ml; p<0.05). After the operation, left diaphragmatic elevation developed in 55% of the cold group but in 0% of the warm group. CK-MB level in the warm group was significantly lower than cold group(2.28${\pm}$0.62 versus 9.96${\pm}$2.12; p<0.01) 1 hour after operation and CK-MB level in the warm group was significantly lower than cold group(1.80${\pm}$1.01 versus 6.00${\pm}$1.74; p<0.05) 12hours after operation. Continuous warm blood cardioplegia is at least as safe and effective as hypothermic technique in patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery. Conceptually, this represents a new approach to the problem of maintaining myocardial preservation during cardiac operations.

저온 요법은 심장수술중 심근 보호에 있어서 기본적인 요소로 널리 인식되어 왔다. 비록 저온 요법이 산소 요구량을 감소시켜 허혈성 심정지의 기간을 연장시키지만 저온 요법은 효소 기능과 에너지 생성, 세포 보존에 해를 끼치는 등의 단점을 나타낸다. 심장의 이상적인 보호 상태는 전기 기계적으로 정지하는 상태이며 혈액에 의해서 관류되는 상태 즉 호기의 심정지라고 생각된다. 전기 기계적 정지, 연속적인 온혈 심정지액의 관류에 의한 정온 호기 상태의 심정지에 기초를 둔 새로운 방법의 심근 보호법이 개발되었다. 1994년 1월부터 1996년 6월까지 간헐적 냉각 심정지액으로 심근 보호를 시행한 31명의 판막 수술을 받은 환자와 연속 온혈 심정지액을 사용하여 심근 보호를 실시한 30명의 판막 수술을 받은 환자를 임상적으로 비교 분석 하였다. 저자들의 결과는 연속 온혈 심정지액을 사용한 판막 수술을 받은 환자는 적어도 냉각 심정지액을 사용한 환자보다 대동맥 차단 해제후 자연 심박 재개율이 높으며, 술후 심부종이 발생하지 않아 심막 절개 부위의 봉합율이 높고 술후 12시간 동안의 배설되는 소변량이 증가된다는 점 및 좌측 횡격막 상승 소견이 없었으며 술후 1시간 및 12시간의 심근 효소 검사상 연속 온혈 심정지액을 사용한 군에서 그 수치가 낮은점 등으로 안전하고 효과적인 심근 보호가 이루어졌으며, 개념적으로 이것은 심장수술중에 우수한 심근 보호를 유지하는 새로운 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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